An Investigation of Perceived Value of Physical Exercise In Aging Baby Boomers - Marketing Implications in the Sporting Goods Context at a Store Level

Spais George,Pantelis Konstantinakos,Vasiliki Avgerinou 한국마케팅과학회 2007 마케팅과학연구 Vol.17 No.4

  The linear regression method was used to model the relationship among a set of perceptions regarding to the importance of physical exercise and the perceived value of physical exercise (as a leisure activity) for aging baby boomers. In terms of a pilot study, we developed two alternative models tested at two different convenience samples. The first sample consisted of 82 aging baby boomers aged 55 65 (sample 1) and the second one consisted of 458 citizens aged 18 45 (sample 2). Through this research approach, we intended to lead to a better understanding of perceived value of physical exercise in the sporting goods marketing context for aging baby boomers. We addressed the core research themes of our study using a convenience survey. Data was collected by means of face to face interviews during the seven week period. The research results showed that the "model 2" better predicts perceived value of physical exercise as a leisure activity for aging baby boomers. We believe that the final findings of our research try can recognize the differences in buying behaviors between aging baby boomers and other target markets and advance marketers of sporting goods strategic tries regarding to consumer strategy management at a store level.

Stock Market Reaction on Olympic Sponsorship Announcement Using Event-study Method

Spais, George S.,Filis, George N. Korean Scholars of Marketing Science 2006 마케팅과학연구 Vol.16 No.2

The major objective of this study is to test if an Olympic Games sponsorship program can influence investors' behavior: stock returns, stock volatility and transaction volumes. The paper deals with stock market reaction on Olympic sponsorship announcement for service organizations using event study method. Our research intention is to test 440 daily stock prices and transaction volumes, in order investigate the potent influence between the announcement of a grand sport sponsorship program and investors' behavior. For this study we examined the announcement data of three grand sponsors of Olympic Games of Athens 2004 (Alpha Bank. Delta and G.T.O) The main contribution of this study is to examine how stock investors' behavior is influenced by the sponsorship program of companies and to extend research scope of marketing field toward stock market. They authors suggest that organizations interested in influencing investors' behavior should invest in sponsorship activities at the sports' sector.

An Investigation of Perceived Value of Physical Exercise In Aging Baby Boomers: Marketing Implications in the Sporting Goods Context at a Store Level

George, Spais,Konstantinakos, Pantelis,Avgerinou, Vasiliki Korean Academy of Marketing Science 2007 마케팅과학연구 Vol.17 No.4

The linear regression method was used to model the relationship among a set of perceptions regarding to the importance of physical exercise and the perceived value of physical exercise (as a leisure activity) for aging baby boomers. In terms of a pilot study, we developed two alternative models tested at two different convenience samples. The first sample consisted of 82 aging baby boomers aged 55.65 (sample 1) and the second one consisted of 458 citizens aged 18.45 (sample 2). Through this research approach, we intended to lead to a better understanding of perceived value of physical exercise in the sporting goods marketing context for aging baby boomers. We addressed the core research themes of our study using a convenience survey. Data was collected by means of face to face interviews during the seven week period. The research results showed that the "model 2" better predicts perceived value of physical exercise as a leisure activity for aging baby boomers. We believe that the final findings of our research try can recognize the differences in buying behaviors between aging baby boomers and other target markets and advance marketers of sporting goods strategic tries regarding to consumer strategy management at a store level.

Stock Market Reaction on Olympic Sponsorship Announcement Using Event-study Method

George S. Spais,George N. Filis 한국마케팅과학회 2006 마케팅과학연구 Vol.16 No.2

  The major objective of this study is to test if an Olympic Games sponsorship program can influence investors" behavior stock returns, stock volatility and transaction volumes. The paper deals with stock market reaction on Olympic sponsorship announcement for service organizations using event study method. Our research intention is to test 440 daily stock prices and transaction volumes, in order investigate the potent influence between the announcement of a grand sport sponsorship program and investors" behavior. For this study we examined the announcement data of three grand sponsors of Olympic Games of Athens 2004 (Alpha Bank, Delta and G.T.O.). The main contribution of this study is to examine how stock investors" behavior is influenced by the sponsorship program of companies and to extend research scope of marketing field toward stock market. They authors suggest that organizations interested in influencing investors" behavior should invest in sponsorship activities at the sports" sector.

An Investigation of Perceived Value of Physical Exercise In Aging Baby Boomers : Marketing Implications in the Sporting Goods Context at a Store Level

( George S. Spais ),( Pantelis D. Konstantinakos ),( Vasiliki T. Avgerinou ) 한국마케팅과학회 2007 마케팅과학연구 Vol.17 No.4

The linear regression method was used to model the relationship among a set of perceptions regarding to the importance of physical exercise and the perceived value of physical exercise (as a leisure activity) for aging baby boomers. In terms of a pilot study, we developed two alternative models tested at two different convenience samples. The first sample consisted of 82 aging baby boomers aged 5565 (sample 1) and the second one consisted of 458 citizens aged 1845 (sample 2). Through this research approach, we intended to lead to a better understanding of perceived value of physical exercise in the sporting goods marketing context for aging baby boomers. We addressed the core research themes of our study using a convenience survey. Data was collected by means of facetoface interviews during the sevenweek period. The research results showed that the "model 2" better predicts perceived value of physical exercise as a leisure activity for aging baby boomers. We believe that the final findings of our research try can recognize the differences in buying behaviors between aging baby boomers and other target markets and advance marketers of sporting goods strategic tries regarding to consumer strategy management at a store level.

Evaluation of Toyocerin, a Probiotic Containing Bacillus toyoi Spores, on Health Status and Productivity of Weaned, Growing and Finishing Pigs

Kyriakis, S.C.,Georgoulakis, I.,Spais, A.,Alexopoulos, C.,Miliotis, C.C.,Kritas, S.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.9

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of Toyocerin, a probiotic containing Bacillus toyoi spores, on the health status and productivity of pigs, during nursery, growing and finishing phases. On a commercial farrow-to-finish farm in Greece, 3 experimental groups were formed, each of 72 weaned piglets. The pigs of the first group (T1 group; negative controls) received normal feed with no antimicrobials or probiotics, the pigs of the second group (T2 group) received the same type of feed but supplemented with 1.0${\times}$10$^9$, 0.5${\times}$10$^9$ and 0.2${\times}$10$^9$ spores per kg of feed at weaning, growing and finishing stage, respectively, and the pigs of the third group (T3 group) were fed with Toyocerin at the dose of 1.0${\times}$10$^9$ spores per kg of feed during the entire fattening period (weaning, growing and finishing stages). The results have shown that, compared to the controls, Toyocerin treated pigs had reduced incidence of postweaning diarrhoea (p<0.05). Enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli were detected in faecal samples of 0% to 25% of pigs of the treated groups, but in 33.5% to 50% of pigs of the non-treated group (p<0.05). Over the negative controls, a significant improvement of weight gain (4.5% and 8.3% for T2 and T3 groups, respectively), and of feed conversion ratio (6.6% and 13.0% for T2 and T3 groups, respectively) was observed. The 76.5% of the carcasses of the T3 group was classified in the top three categories of the EUROP scale (S, E and U), whilst the respective figures were 47.8% for T2 group and only 10.5% for T1 group (p<0.05).