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- 저자 : Soyoun Kim (검색결과 128 건)
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The Political Vision of Food and the Body in Black Boy
( Kim¸ Soyoun ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2017 영어권문화연구 Vol.10 No.2
This article investigates the ways in which Richard Wright’s Black Boy associates the problems of food and body with African Americans’ underprivileged lives. Wright describes how the social system entraps African Americans in poverty and low social status; poverty causes malnutrition, and physical/intellectual malnutrition makes it impossible for African Americans to escape miserable lives. The first part of this article focuses on the double function of hunger; while Wright suffers from constant hunger as a “black boy,” driven by his spiritual hunger he gains flesh and mobility by stealing food and knowledge. Leaving the South for the North, he gains opportunity to achieve a political voice, even though the North is far from a true home for him. The second part of the article explores how the problems of consumption and digestion are associated not only with Wright’s self-development but also with the vision of a sound America; just as Wright comes to better understand both himself and the outside world by consuming and digesting a variety of knowledge, he suggests that American civilization must learn to embrace diverse beings and ideas to become a sound body.
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The Son Who Does Not Return: Displacement and Alternative Nationality in Kipling’s Kim
( Soyoun Kim ) 한국영어영문학회 2020 영어 영문학 Vol.66 No.2
As an Indian-born writer, Rudyard Kipling is characterized by his consistent interest in the problem of belonging. In the novel Kim (1901) he deals with the issue of feeling displaced and struggling to find a true home within imperial geography. Since Kim, the juvenile protagonist of the novel, is outside the familial and social structure as an orphan, he is able to travel across India while transgressing both social and geographical boundaries. Through the journey, he comes to invent his own identity in colonial India instead of passing through a rite of passage to acquire British masculinity. Unlike the Tibetan lama, who feels displaced because of his desire to escape from the men’s world, Kim begins perceiving himself as a part of the imperial structure. His getting into the imperial world does not cause him to become a white master, though. Comparing and contrasting him with other characters who occupy divided cultural location like him helps us to locate him in the empire. Just as in the case of Lispeth, the hill-woman who attempts to seduce him using her familiarity with the English culture, Englishness remains fundamentally foreign to him till the end of the novel. His alternative identity both empowers and disempowers him; while it allows him to feel at home in India, it also makes him physically and socially less mobile than English men. Either way, his character produces an unsettling effect through anticipating white men who would not return to the father’s home country.
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Kim, Soyoun,Kim, Gwang Seob,Seo, Junyoung,Gowri Rangaswamy, Gunassekaran,So, In-Seop,Park, Rang-Woon,Lee, Byung-Heon,Kim, In-San American Chemical Society 2016 Biomacromolecules Vol.17 No.1
<P>Ferritin cage nanoparticles are promising platforms for targeted delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents. One of the main advantages of cage nanoparticles is the ability to display multiple functionalities through genetic modification so as to achieve desired therapeutic or diagnostic functions. Ferritin complexes formed from short ferritin (sFt) lacking the fifth helix can accommodate dual peptide and protein functionalities on N- and C-terminal sites in sFt monomers. The resulting double-chambered Nano Cage (DCNC) offers the potential of dual activities; these activities are augmented by the avidity of the ligands, which do not impede each other's function. Here we demonstrated proof-of-concept of DCNCs, loading the tumor-targeting proapoptotic peptide CGKRK(KLAKLAK)(2) onto the N-terminal chamber and green fluorescent protein (GFP) onto the C-terminal chamber. The resulting KLAK-sFt-GFP DCNCs were internalized into the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 and induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that DCNCs containing various combinations of peptides and proteins could be applied as therapeutics in different diseases.</P>
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Existence of glioma stroma mesenchymal stemlike cells in Korean glioma specimens.
Kim, Young Goo,Jeon, Soyoun,Sin, Ga-Yeong,Shim, Jin-Kyoung,Kim, Bo-Kyung,Shin, Hye-Jin,Lee, Ji-Hyun,Huh, Yong-Min,Lee, Su-Jae,Kim, Eui-Hyun,Park, Eun Kyung,Kim, Se-Hoon,Chang, Jong Hee,Kim, Dong Seok Springer Verlag 2013 Child’s nervous system Vol.29 No.4
<P>It was presented that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from western glioma specimens. However, whether MSCs exist in glioma specimens of different ethnicities is unknown. To verify the existence of MSCs in an independent cohort, we undertook studies to isolate MSCs from a group of Korean patients. We hypothesized that cells resembling MSCs that were deemed mesenchymal stemlike cells (MSLCs) exist in an independent cohort of Korean gliomas. We cultured fresh glioma specimens using the protocols used for culturing MSCs. The cultured cells were analyzed with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for surface markers associated with MSCs. Cultured cells were exposed to mesenchymal differentiation conditions. To presume possible locations of MSLCs in the glioma, sections of glioma were analyzed by immunofluorescent labeling for CD105, CD31, and NG2. From nine of 31 glioma specimens, we isolated cells resembling MSCs, which were deemed Korean glioma stroma MSLCs (KGS-MSLCs). KGS-MSLCs were spindle shaped and adherent to plastic. KGS-MSLCs had similar surface markers to MSCs (CD105(+), CD90(+), CD73(+), and CD45(-)). KGS-MSLCs were capable of mesenchymal differentiation and might be located around endothelial cells, pericytes, and in a disorganized perivascular area inside glioma stroma. We found that cells resembling MSCs indeed exist in an independent cohort of glioma patients, as presented in western populations. We could presume that the possible location of KGS-MSLCs was in perivascular area or in glioma stroma that was a disorganized vascular niche. It might be possible that KGS-MSLCs could be one of constituent of stroma of glioma microenvironment.</P>
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Guruprasath, Padmanaban,Kim, Jihoon,Gunassekaran, Gowri Rangaswamy,Chi, Lianhua,Kim, Soyoun,Park, Rang-Woon,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Baek, Moon-Chang,Bae, Sang Mun,Kim, Sang-Yeob,Kim, Dong-Kyu,Park, In-Kyu,Kim, Elsevier 2017 Biomaterials Vol.142 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) is commonly up-regulated on tumor cells, and interactions between the receptor and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) can induce the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-xL. This contributes to tumor cell survival and their resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, we exploited IL-4R-targeted delivery of Bcl-xL siRNA to IL-4R-expressing tumor cells in order to sensitize them to chemotherapy. To target IL-4R, an IL-4R-binding peptide, IL4RPep-1, was attached to branched polyethyleneimine-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (BPEI-SPION). These nanoparticles were then complexed with Bcl-xL-targeting siRNA. IL-4R-targeted BPEI-SPION/Bcl-xL siRNA more efficiently reduced Bcl-xL gene expression and enhanced cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in MDA-MB231 breast tumor cells compared to untargeted BPEI-SPION/Bcl-xL siRNA. The siRNA was released from the complexes after 15 h of incubation at pH 5.5 and was stable in the complexes up to 72 h in the serum. The IL-4R-targeted BPEI-SPION/siRNA was internalized by cells through IL-4R, successfully escaped the endosomes, and was dispersed into the cytoplasm. Near-infrared fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that <I>in vivo</I> tumor homing and accumulation of IL-4R-targeted BPEI-SPION/siRNA were both higher than untargeted BPEI-SPION/siRNA. The IL-4R-targeted BPEI-SPION/Bcl-xL siRNA, in combination with doxorubicin, significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice compared to untargeted BPEI-SPION/Bcl-xL siRNA. These results suggest that the IL-4R-targeted delivery of Bcl-xL siRNA to IL-4R-expressing tumors can sensitize tumors to chemotherapy and enhance the efficacy of anti-tumor therapeutics.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Interaction between IL-4 and IL-4R provides downstream signaling for the expression of Bcl-xL and inhibits doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. IL4RPep-1-labeled BPEI-SPION/Bcl-xL siRNA selectively binds to IL-4R-expressing tumor cells and is internalized into the cells through the receptor-mediated endocytosis, which contributes to the silencing of the Bcl-xL gene expression. This sensitizes IL-4R-expressing tumor cells to doxorubicin and enhances its therapeutic efficacy.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Soyoun Kim 19세기영어권문학회 2017 19세기 영어권 문학 Vol.21 No.3
This article reads Henry James’s What Maisie Knew as novel of manners that reflects how people’s relationships and perceptions of others are affected by manners. Although many critics have investigated the problem of “knowledge” in their readings of the novel, “ignorance” has not received much attention. What Maisie Knew illustrates how both mystery/distance and intimacy/closeness produce charm; manners allow one to wield social power over other people through mystery and distance, but at the same time, knowing each other’s unique manners makes people look irresistibly charming to each other. As Roland Barthes explains in Camera Lucida, punctum makes its possessor unique, and similarly, charm marks its possessor a distinct being in the novel. Yet just as Barthes cannot find his mother’s essence in innumerable pieces of pictures after her death, James’s characters fail to see other characters fully and coherently just by recognizing the vividness of their charm. James suggests that manners make individuals continue on their way to knowledge by giving and withholding it and that one should keep wondering about others even though they can only catch a glimpse of truth.
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Kim Namhee,Seok Kwang Hyuk,Shin Soyoun,Kim Boram,Park Hyunwoong,Roh Eun Youn,Yoon Jong Hyun,Shin Sue 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.46
Background: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is an increasingly useful tool for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and disease management. In this study, we evaluated the utility of userfriendly WGS tools in reporting resistance profiles and identifying lineages of clinical TB isolates from South Korea. Methods: Forty clinical samples from TB patients showing discrepancies between their rapid molecular and conventional drug susceptibility tests were used in this study. Among these clinical isolates, 37 strains were successfully evaluated via WGS software, using the GenTB, TB Profiler, PhyResSE, CASTB, and Mykrobe. Results: More accurate and faster susceptibility results could be obtained with isoniazid than with rifampin. Using the phenotypic test as the gold standard, the isoniazid concordance rate between phenotypic drug susceptibility test (DST) and WGS (GenTB: 45.9%, TB profiler: 40.5%, PhyResSE: 40.5%, CASTB: 48.6%, and Mykrobe: 43.2%) was much higher than between phenotypic DST and rapid molecular genotypic DST (18.9%) among the 37 strains. In contrast, the rifampin concordance rate between phenotypic DST and WGS and that between phenotypic DST and rapid molecular genotypic DST was similar (81.1–89.2%). We also found novel mutations associated with INH in katG and ahpC gene region, not covered by the line probe assay. In addition, lineage analysis identified 81.1% of these samples as L2 East Asian lineage strains, and 18.9% as L4 Euro-American lineage strains. Conclusion: WGS may play a pivotal role in TB diagnosis and the detection of drug resistance, genetic diversity, and transmission dynamics in the near future because of its accuracy, speed, and extensibility.
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