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      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        Differences in hypericin synthesis between experimentally induced seedling shoot cultures of Hypericum hookerianum Wight & Arn.

        Varghese, Reji Joseph,Sooriamuthu, Seeni 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.4

        During seed germination trials of Hypericum hookerianum, seedlings of Lake View accession from Palni hills of Southern India segregated into green- (97.44 %) and red-pigmented (2.56 %) types. Seedlings cultured in Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium developed into fast growing green and slow growing red plant types in 6 weeks, the latter showing increased concentrations of total phenols, anthocyanins and flavonoids and 19-fold higher concentration of hypericin. Hypocotyls/cotyledons of red seedlings cultured using $2.325{\mu}M$ kinetin (KIN) produced hypericin-rich ($4.38{\pm}0.18$ mg/g DW), stunted (0.5-1.2 cm) shoots which ceased to grow in 8 weeks. Segments (4-6 mm) of these shoots sub-cultured in the dark for 4 weeks followed by 2-week light exposure and repeated subculture enabled mass multiplication of productive ($3.93{\pm}0.06$ mg hypericin/g DW) shoots. Green hypocotyls and cotyledons subjected to 4+2 weak dark-light treatment also produced $9.18{\pm}2.44$ and $4.25{\pm}0.96$ comparable hypericin-rich ($3.73{\pm}0.21$ mg/g DW) shoots. Red and green seedling explants cultured in basal medium in the dark produced $6.82{\pm}0.75$ cm etiolated shoots with reduced leaves which synthesized $2.27{\pm}0.15$ mg hypericin/g DW on illumination. Green cotyledons cultured in the dark using $2.45{\mu}M$ indole-3 butyric acid (IBA) formed calluses which on illumination formed $12.64{\pm}3.8$ productive ($3.86{\pm}0.31$ mg hypericin/g DW) 0.5- to 1.5-cmlong shoot clusters. Phenotypic segregation of seedlings, the ability of both red and green seedling explants to multiply in the dark and produce hypericin on illumination, and IBA-induced indirect shoots producing significant amounts of metabolite compared to wild plants ($0.35{\pm}0.09$ mg/g DW) and green shoot cultures ($0.91{\pm}0.03$ mg/g DW) are new to Hypericum.

      • KCI등재

        Differences in hypericin synthesis between experimentally induced seedling shoot cultures of Hypericum hookerianum Wight & Arn.

        Reji Joseph Varghese,Seeni Sooriamuthu 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.4

        During seed germination trials of Hypericum hookerianum, seedlings of Lake View accession from Palni hills of Southern India segregated into green- (97.44 %) and red-pigmented (2.56 %) types. Seedlings cultured in Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium developed into fast growing green and slow growing red plant types in 6 weeks, the latter showing increased concentrations of total phenols, anthocyanins and flavonoids and 19-fold higher concentration of hypericin. Hypocotyls/cotyledons of red seedlings cultured using 2.325 lM kinetin (KIN) produced hypericin-rich (4.38 ± 0.18 mg/g DW), stunted (0.5–1.2 cm) shoots which ceased to grow in 8 weeks. Segments (4–6 mm) of these shoots sub-cultured in the dark for 4 weeks followed by 2-week light exposure and repeated subculture enabled mass multiplication of productive (3.93 ± 0.06 mg hypericin/g DW) shoots. Green hypocotyls and cotyledons subjected to 4 ? 2 weak dark–light treatment also produced 9.18 ± 2.44 and 4.25 ± 0.96 comparable hypericin-rich (3.73 ± 0.21 mg/g DW) shoots. Red and green seedling explants cultured in basal medium in the dark produced 6.82 ± 0.75 cm etiolated shoots with reduced leaves which synthesized 2.27 ± 0.15 mg hypericin/ g DW on illumination. Green cotyledons cultured in the dark using 2.45 lM indole-3 butyric acid (IBA) formed calluses which on illumination formed 12.64 ± 3.8 productive (3.86 ± 0.31 mg hypericin/g DW) 0.5- to 1.5-cmlong shoot clusters. Phenotypic segregation of seedlings, the ability of both red and green seedling explants to multiply in the dark and produce hypericin on illumination, and IBAinduced indirect shoots producing significant amounts of metabolite compared to wild plants (0.35 ± 0.09 mg/g DW) and green shoot cultures (0.91 ± 0.03 mg/g DW) are new to Hypericum.

      • KCI등재

        Carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopic signatures in Maastrichtian-Danian limestones of the Cauvery Basin, South India

        Jayagopal Madhavaraju,Alcides N. Sial,Reghunathan Rakhinath,Sooriamuthu Ramasamy,이용일,Ariputhiran Ramachandran 한국지질과학협의회 2015 Geosciences Journal Vol.19 No.2

        A petrographic, carbon, oxygen and strontium study of the carbonate succession of the shallow marine Kallankurichchi and Niniyur formations of the Cauvery Basin, Tamil Nadu, India was conducted to understand the isotopic variations in seawater during Maastrichtian-Danian. The limestones from both the Kallankurichchi and Niniyur formations show large variations in Mn and Sr concentrations and high Mn/Sr ratios indicate alterations of primary isotopic signatures during shallow burial diagenesis. The limestones of both the Kallankurichchi and Niniyur formations show negative δ13C (‒4.73 to ‒0.49‰ VPDB; ‒5.63 to ‒1.87‰ VPDB; respectively) and δ18O values (‒8.89 to ‒3.66‰ VPDB; ‒8.56 to ‒5.41‰ VPDB; respectively). The carbon and oxygen isotope composition, δ13C vs. δ18O plot and Mn/Sr ratio suggest that the measured δ13C and δ18O values have been significantly altered during diagenesis. The limestones from both the Kallankurichchi and Niniyur formations show large variations in 87Sr/86Sr values (0.709310 to 0.711962; 0.708280 to 0.708398, respectively) which are higher than 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the contemporary Lower Maastrichtian (87Sr/86Sr: 0.707760) and Danian (0.707819 to 0.707833) seawaters. The elevated 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the limestones of the Kallankurichchi Formation suggest that these limestones were significantly modified by pore fluids during meteoric diagenesis. The observed large fluctuations in 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the Niniyur Formation resulted from variations in riverine input. One sample from the Niniyur Formation exhibits an unaltered 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.707828) which is interpreted to indicate an age of 65.02 Ma.

      • KCI등재

        Mineralogy and geochemistry of clastic sediments of the Terani Formation, Cauvery Basin, southern India: implications for paleoweathering, provenance and tectonic setting

        Jayagopal Madhavaraju,Subin Prakash Rajendra,이용일,Erik Ramirez Montoya,Sooriamuthu Ramasamy,Rufino Lozano SantaCruz 한국지질과학협의회 2020 Geosciences Journal Vol.24 No.6

        Mineralogical and geochemical (major, trace and rare earth elements) studies were carried out on the clay samples of the Terani Formation, South India to investigate the paleoweathering, source rocks characteristics and tectonic setting. The chemical index of alteration (CIA), plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) values and A-CN-K diagram indicate that clays were generated from source rocks of the upper continental crust affected by intense chemical weathering. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns show considerable LREE enrichment, HREE depletion with significant negative Eu anomalies. The REE patterns, elemental ratios like Al2O3/TiO2, Cr/Ni, Eu/Eu*, (La/Lu)cn, La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/Co, Th/Co, and Cr/Th, discriminant function diagram, various bivariate and ternary plots indicate the contribution of sediments from felsic and intermediate source rocks. The discriminant-function-based tectonic setting diagrams reveal passive margin setting for the source area of the Terani Formation.

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