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Cheung Kwok-cheung,Mak Soi-kei,Sit Pou-seong 서울대학교 교육연구소 2018 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.19 No.3
Secondary data analyses of large-scale international student assessment at the country level often reveal that educational systems which are high in academic achievement are found low in attitudinal outcomes of schooling, and vice versa. This is contrary to the non-negative attitude–achievement relationship frequently found at the student within-country level. Using attitudinal outcome mathematics self-concept, the afore-mentioned attitude–achievement paradox is hypothesized to stem from the incomparable student responses to Likert-type response scale of the attitude items. In this study, anchoring vignettes are used to examine whether it is feasible to tackle the effect of response style so as to improve the comparability of the self-concept measures across cultures and societies. Empirical evidences from PISA 2012 demonstrate that the paradox can be resolved satisfactorily, so that the attitude–achievement relationships at both student within-country and country levels are now in line with that predicted by contemporary self-concept theories in the literature. Using the anchored self-concept measure, Singapore’s and Shanghai-China’s 15-year-olds are found to perform pretty well cognitively and affectively in PISA 2012.
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Pou-seong Sit,Kwok-cheung Cheung,Wai-cheong Cheong,Soi-kei Mak,Kay-cheng Soh,Man-kai Ieong 서울대학교 교육연구소 2015 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.16 No.3
Most schools in Macao are private schools, and there is a variety of grade repetition policy practiced in the 45 secondary schools. The policies are translated into school-based accountability of some kind of minimum competency standards. The objective of this study is to uncover the mediation mechanisms accounting for the influences of grade repetition on student performance. Three mechanisms are postulated to explain the performance of the adolescent grade repeaters: (1) insufficient opportunity to learn, (2) inadequate self-regulation of students, and (3) inappropriate teacher guidance and management. Based on the Programme for International Student Assessment 2012 Study, the three identified mechanisms (involving eight mediation variables) together explain 0.7 grade level worth of schooling. The implication is that unless remedial programs and courses of action for the grade repeaters can be shown empirically to be effective, it is not a good idea for Macao schools to maintain their grade repetition policies without teachers’ proper guidance and instruction.
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