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Owen Wister's The Virginian : The End of the West, the Beginning of the Western
Jonghee Sohn 미국소설학회 2008 미국소설 Vol.15 No.1
This paper examines how and why Owen Wister's The Virginian has been considered to mark the beginning of the modern Western. In order to examine the validity of its status as the prototype of the Western, the paper begins with a comparative reading of two film versions, focusing on what gets changed in the films so that I may gain a clue in understanding the importance of the ending of the text. Then I explore the split of the plot in the text, and its resolution in the ending. The ending, in which not only the marriage between the Virginian and Molly but also their move to the East are depicted, symbolizes a happy union between the West and the East. By dissolving a serious historical threat in a symbolic mode of resolution, Wister creates a kind of moral fantasy about the West as a symbolic topos in which the progressive ideology of American expansion is not hampered by the closing of the frontier. This aspect of wish-fulfillment played a big part in helping this novel enthroned in the status of the Ur-Western text.
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Kim, Johanna Inhyang,Kim, Jae-Won,Lee, Jong-Min,Yun, Hyuk Jin,Sohn, Chul-ho,Shin, Min-Sup,Kim, Bongseog,Chae, Jonghee,Roh, Jaewoo,Kim, Bung-Nyun Elsevier 2018 Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological Vol.82 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The dopamine receptor D2 receptor (<I>DRD2</I>) gene and lead exposure are both thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is characterized by delay in brain maturation, most prominent in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The D2 receptor is also mainly located in the PFC, and animal studies show that lead exposure affects the dopaminergic system of the frontal lobe, indicating an overlap in neural correlates of ADHD, <I>DRD2</I>, and lead exposure. We examined the interaction effects of <I>DRD2</I> rs1800497 and lead exposure on the cortical thickness of the frontal lobe in patients with ADHD.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A 1:1 age- and gender-matched sample of 75 participants with ADHD and 75 healthy participants was included in the analysis. The interaction effects of <I>DRD2</I> and lead exposure on the cortical thickness of 12 regions of interest in the frontal lobe were examined by multivariable linear regression analyses.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>When we investigated the <I>DRD2</I> ×lead effects in the ADHD and HC groups separately, significant <I>DRD2</I> ×lead effects were found in the ADHD group, but not in the healthy control group in multiple ROIs of the frontal lobe. There was a significant negative correlation between the cortical thickness of the right superior frontal gyrus and inattention scores.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The present findings demonstrated significant interaction effects of <I>DRD2</I> and lead exposure on the cortical thickness of the frontal lobe in ADHD. Replication studies with larger sample sizes, using a prospective design, are warranted to confirm these findings.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The dopamine receptor D2 receptor (<I>DRD2</I>) gene and lead exposure contribute to the pathophysiology of ADHD. </LI> <LI> Previous study results indicate an overlap in the neural correlates of ADHD, <I>DRD2</I>, and lead exposure in the prefrontal cortex. </LI> <LI> We found significant interactions between <I>DRD2</I> and lead exposure on the cortical thickness of the frontal lobe in ADHD patients. </LI> <LI> This study highlights the need for consideration of gene-environment interaction when conducting studies regarding dopamine-related genes. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Effect of Phenylalanine on Differentiation of Myoblast C1C12 and L6 Cells Into Myocytes
Hyun Woo Jeong,Jong Hyun Kim,Chan-Su Rha,Sohn Jonghee,Wangi Kim,Jonghwa Roh 건강기능식품미래포럼 2023 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.3 No.4
In the present study, we aimed to find any essential amino acids (EAAs) that can promote muscle protein synthesis. For this purpose, we examined how the removal of each EAA from the differentiation-inducing medium (Diff.) that is the Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium with 2% horse serum affects the differentiation of C2C12 (mouse myoblasts) or L6 (rat myoblasts) cells into mature myocytes. This method was chosen because muscle protein synthesis is significantly enhanced during the differentiation process. This rationale was confirmed by the observation that C2C12 cells showed increased expressions of myosin heavy chain when induced to differentiate by culturing them in the Diff.. When we induced the C2C12 or L6 cells in the Diff. with each EAA depletion, we found that their differentiation rate and the expression of myogenic marker proteins (MyoD and MyoG) was blunted. This decreases were most noticeable when cultured in the Diff. with phenylalanine removed (Diff.-Phe). This effect was comparable to that of leucine. Further, the phenylalanine-removing effect could be recovered by supplementing this EAA back to the Diff.-Phe but not by adding tyrosine, indicating that the effect on differentiation is due to phenylalanine itself. These findings suggest that phenylalanine plays a role in the differentiation of myoblasts, particularly when muscle protein synthesis is enhanced, implying that phenylalanine could contribute to the promotion of muscle protein synthesis. Based on these findings, it is expected that phenylalanine, like leucine, could provide benefits in preventing the loss of muscle mass.
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