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The Successful Factors for Learning Foreign Language
Saruul Sodnomdarjaa 한국영어교육연구학회 2006 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.33
Learners of English as a foreign language or English as a second language face some difficulties. In order to be a good language learner there must be some successful factors that can influence to learn well. Learning a foreign language includes all language skills, talking, reading, listening, writing, and all the usual manifestations and combination of them. First language learning happens in the same way for everyone because the language learning process is universal. Foreign or second language learners should learn something from a systematic study of that first language learning experience. Adult language learning seems to be much influenced by such factors as motivation, attitude, socialization, self-image, ego and so forth. The effects are complicated and often confusing. Child language development is not influenced by these factors. The Successful factors for learning a foreign language is not limited to age, aptitude, and environment. There are various factors that can influence to be a good language learner.
몽골에서 최초로 분리된 뉴캣슬병 바이러스의 분자생물학적 특성
최강석(Kang-Seuk Choi),이은경(Eun-Kyoung Lee),전우진(Woo-Jin Jeon),D. Batchuulon,R. Sodnomdarjaa,박미자(Mi-Ja Park),유예나(Ye-Nah Yoo),권준헌(Jun-Hun Kwon) 韓國家禽學會 2011 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.38 No.2
몽골 산란계 농장에서 발생한 뉴캣슬병 사례로부터 뉴캣슬병 바이러스를 분리하고 그 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 발생 농장 산란계 폐사계의 뇌 및 폐 조직으로부터 뉴캣슬병 바이러스 MN1/10 주가 분리되었다. 이 바이러스는 F 단백질 분절 부위가 특징적인 병원성 motif(RRQKRF)를 가지고 있었으며 종란 평균 치사 지수(MDT)가 54.7시간으로 강독형 NDV이었다. 또한 발생 농장 내 생존하고 있는 산란계에서 고역가의 NDV 특이항체가 검출되었다. 유적학적 계통 분석을 실시한 결과, 몽골 분리주는 ClassⅡ에 속하는 genotype Ⅶd 바이러스로 확인되었다. 유전학적 계통 분석 결과, 몽골 분리주는 몽골과 인접한 중국에서 유행하는 바이러스그룹(CN2)에 속하는 것으로 분류되었다. 우리의 연구 결과는 몽골에서의 뉴캣슬병 최초 발생은 동북아시아 지역에서 유행하는 강독형 NDV의 유입에 의해서 이루어졌음을 말해준다. The outbreak of Newcastle disease occurred for the first time at a commercial chicken farm near Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia in August 2010. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) obtained from infected chickens in Mongolia was characterized by biological and molecular biological approches. Mongolian NDV isolate killed all of chicken embryos within 60 h in the mean death time assay, indicating virulent for chicken. A genomic region of 695 nts between nts 1055 of the M gene and 508 of the F gene was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of the F protein cleavage site was ¹¹²RRQKRF¹¹?, which is a typical sequence of velogenic strains of NDV and is agreement with the result of the MDT assay. The sequence of the partial F gene (nts 47 to 435) was used for genotyping by phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the Mongolian isolate was of genotype Ⅶ within classⅡ of NDV. Further phylogenetic analysis on the genotype Ⅶ strains revealed that the isolates placed in a genetic sublineage of Ⅶd and most closely related with velogenic strains of NDV circulating in Far-east Asian region especially China, suggesting the introduction of velogenic NDV into Mongolia from neighboring countries.
Kang, H.M.,Batchuluun, D.,Kim, M.C.,Choi, J.G.,Erdene-Ochir, T.O.,Paek, M.R.,Sugir, T.,Sodnomdarjaa, R.,Kwon, J.H.,Lee, Y.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2011 Veterinary microbiology Vol.147 No.1
In May and August 2009, 14 highly pathogenic H5N1 isolates were obtained from migratory birds in central Mongolia. To trace the genetic lineage of the isolates, nucleotide sequences of all eight genes were determined and phylogenetically analyzed. Hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein genes were clustered in clade 2.3.2. The polymerase acidic gene was related to the isolates of South Korea and Japan obtained in 2003 and 2004 outbreaks, and a migratory duck isolate from Jiangxi, China. The neuraminidase and other internal genes were closely related to those of clade 2.3.4 viruses. The results indicate evolving genetic diversity of the hemagglutinin gene and acquisition of different polymerase acidic gene in the 2009 Mongolian isolates, likely via bird migration. Prevention of potentially wider outbreak in domestic poultry and accurate monitoring of H5N1 genetic mutation will require continuous monitoring for H5N1 in both domestic and wild birds, and will necessitate international cooperation with neighboring countries sharing migratory flyways.
Ko, Young-Joon,Lee, Hyang-Sim,Jeoung, Hye-Young,Heo, Eun-Jeong,Ko, Hyo-Rim,Chang, Byung-Sik,Joo, Hoo-Don,Gerelmaa, U.,Dashzeveg, B.,Tserendorj, S.,Sodnomdarjaa, R.,Park, Jong-Hyeon,Kweon, Chang-Hee,Ch American Society for Microbiology 2010 CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.17 No.1
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>A blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a baculovirus-expressed structural protein was developed for the detection of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus type A. It exhibited 99% specificity with a cutoff of 53% inhibition. Its sensitivity was comparable to the sensitivities of the virus neutralization test and the liquid-phase blocking ELISA, indicating its potential as an alternative assay.</P>
Distribution and Characteristics of Avian Influenza Viruses from Wild Birds in Mongolia
Hyun Mi Kang,Ok Mi Jeong,Min Chul Kim,Ji Sun Kwon,Mi Ra Paek,Hye Ryoung Kim,Yong Joo Kim,Kang Seuk Choi,Batchuluun D,Erdene Ochir T,Sodnomdarjaa R,Jun Hun Kwon,Youn Jeong Lee 대한인수공통전염병학회 2008 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2008 No.1