The global distribution of permanent canine hypodontia: A systematic review

Sivarajan, Saritha,Mani, Shani Ann,John, Jacob,Fayed, Mona M. Salah,Kook, Yoon-Ah,Wey, Mang Chek The Korean Association Of Orthodontists 2021 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.51 No.1

Objective: To systematically review studies on canine agenesis prevalence in different populations and continents, based on the jaw, sex, location, and associated dental anomalies. Methods: Electronic and hand searches of English literature in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, OpenGrey, and Science Direct were conducted, and the authors were contacted when necessary. Observational studies (population-based, hospital/clinic-based, and cross-sectional) were included. For study appraisal and synthesis, duplicate selection was performed independently by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using a modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist, with main outcome of prevalence of canine agenesis. Results: The global population prevalence of canine agenesis was 0.30% (0.0-4.7%), highest in Asia (0.54%), followed by Africa (0.33%), and the least in Europe and South America (0.19% in both continents). Canine agenesis was more common in the maxilla (88.57%), followed by both maxilla and mandible (8.57%), and the least common was mandible-only presentation (2.86%). The condition was more common in females (female:male ratio = 1.23), except in Asia (female:male ratio = 0.88) and Africa (female:male ratio = 1). In Asia, unilateral agenesis was almost twice as prevalent as bilateral, but in Europe, the bilateral form was more common. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of canine agenesis is 0.30%, with the highest prevalence in Asia, followed by Africa, Europe, and South America. The condition is more common in the maxilla than the mandible, and in females than males (except in Asia and Africa), with unilateral agenesis being more common in Asia and the bilateral form showing a greater prevalence in Europe.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and 10-year Risk for Coronary Heart Disease in Korean Women

부선주,Erika Sivarajan Froelicher 한국간호과학회 2012 Asian Nursing Research Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and to estimate the 10-year risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in a nationally representative sample of Korean women. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis using the data set from the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV. The sample was 2,998 Korean women (weighted n ¼ 14,420,987) aged 20e79 years without cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was calculated using sampling weights and presented in percentages. Ten-year risk for CHD was estimated with the Framingham Risk Score, and the proportions for three levels of 10-year risk were presented. Results: About 18% of the sample had hypertension, 7.5% are current smoker, 30.0% had total cholesterol 200 mg/dL, 25.7% had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 130 mg/dL, and 47.3% had high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 50 mg/dL. About 46% of Korean women were overweight or obese,and 33.3% were sedentary. About 75% of women had one or more major risk factors. In this study sample,98.5% had a 10-year risk for CHD of < 10%, 1.4% had a risk of 10e20%, and 0.1% had a risk of >20%. Conclusion: Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in Korean women, and the combination of risk factors is common. Development and implementation of multifaceted nursing interventions are required to confront the current epidemic rise of CHD in Korean women. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and to estimate the 10-year risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in a nationally representative sample of Korean women. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis using the data set from the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV. The sample was 2,998 Korean women (weighted n ¼ 14,420,987) aged 20e79 years without cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was calculated using sampling weights and presented in percentages. Ten-year risk for CHD was estimated with the Framingham Risk Score, and the proportions for three levels of 10-year risk were presented. Results: About 18% of the sample had hypertension, 7.5% are current smoker, 30.0% had total cholesterol 200 mg/dL, 25.7% had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 130 mg/dL, and 47.3% had high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 50 mg/dL. About 46% of Korean women were overweight or obese,and 33.3% were sedentary. About 75% of women had one or more major risk factors. In this study sample,98.5% had a 10-year risk for CHD of < 10%, 1.4% had a risk of 10e20%, and 0.1% had a risk of >20%. Conclusion: Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in Korean women, and the combination of risk factors is common. Development and implementation of multifaceted nursing interventions are required to confront the current epidemic rise of CHD in Korean women.

Suboptimal Attainment of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Guideline Goals in Korean Women

부선주,Erika Sivarajan Froelicher 한국간호과학회 2012 Asian Nursing Research Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to estimate the distribution of three levels of risk for developing coronary heart disease (CHD; low, moderate, and high risk) and to evaluate the attainment of cardiovascular disease prevention guideline goals by the American Heart Association in a nationally representative sample of Korean women. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis study using the data set from the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV. The sample was 3,301 Korean women (representing 15,600,514women) older than 20 years without cardiovascular disease. Distribution of CHD risk and level of goal attainment were calculated using sampling weights and presented in percentages. Results: Among Korean women without established cardiovascular disease, 7.9% were at high risk for CHD, 20.5% were at moderate risk, and 71.6% were at low risk. The proportion of Korean women who did not meet their goals was substantial, and most women at high risk remained unmanaged for their high blood lipids. Conclusion: Korean women at risk for developing CHD need to be managed as soon as possible to attain the guideline goals and to lower their risk for future CHD. Aggressive risk reduction efforts are urgently needed to reduce the public burden of CHD in Korean women. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to estimate the distribution of three levels of risk for developing coronary heart disease (CHD; low, moderate, and high risk) and to evaluate the attainment of cardiovascular disease prevention guideline goals by the American Heart Association in a nationally representative sample of Korean women. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis study using the data set from the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV. The sample was 3,301 Korean women (representing 15,600,514women) older than 20 years without cardiovascular disease. Distribution of CHD risk and level of goal attainment were calculated using sampling weights and presented in percentages. Results: Among Korean women without established cardiovascular disease, 7.9% were at high risk for CHD, 20.5% were at moderate risk, and 71.6% were at low risk. The proportion of Korean women who did not meet their goals was substantial, and most women at high risk remained unmanaged for their high blood lipids. Conclusion: Korean women at risk for developing CHD need to be managed as soon as possible to attain the guideline goals and to lower their risk for future CHD. Aggressive risk reduction efforts are urgently needed to reduce the public burden of CHD in Korean women.