Safety of day-care therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound in the oldest old patients: A case series

Sachin Yadav,Praveen Kumar Sharma,Sudhir Kumar Singh,Atul Abhishek Jha,Reethesh,Anurag Garg 소화기인터벤션의학회 2022 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.11 No.3

In the modern era, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are increasingly being performed in day-care settings. The safety of these procedures in elderly admitted patients has been established in previous studies, but evidence for the safety of day-care ERCP/therapeutic EUS is limited. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of day-care ERCP/EUS in patients more than 80 years of age. All procedures were done under total intravenous anesthesia (ketamine- and propofol-based) and the intra-procedural and immediate postprocedural complications (within 6 hours) were noted. Thirty patients (24 male and 6 female) were enrolled. The most common indication for the procedure was choledocholithiasis (46.6%), followed by malignant stenosis (30.0%) and benign strictures (20.0%). One patient had transient desaturation during the procedure and two patients had hypotension. The dreaded complications of bleeding, perforation, or pancreatitis did not occur in any patients, and none required admission. In conclusion, day-care therapeutic ERCP/EUS is safe and cost-effective in the oldest old patients.

Safety of day-care therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound in the oldest old patients: A case series

Sachin Yadav,Praveen Kumar Sharma,Sudhir Kumar Singh,Atul Abhishek Jha,Reethesh,Anurag Garg 소화기인터벤션의학회 2022 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.11 No.3

In the modern era, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are increasingly being performed in day-care settings. The safety of these procedures in elderly admitted patients has been established in previous studies, but evidence for the safety of day-care ERCP/therapeutic EUS is limited. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of day-care ERCP/EUS in patients more than 80 years of age. All procedures were done under total intravenous anesthesia (ketamine- and propofol-based) and the intra-procedural and immediate postprocedural complications (within 6 hours) were noted. Thirty patients (24 male and 6 female) were enrolled. The most common indication for the procedure was choledocholithiasis (46.6%), followed by malignant stenosis (30.0%) and benign strictures (20.0%). One patient had transient desaturation during the procedure and two patients had hypotension. The dreaded complications of bleeding, perforation, or pancreatitis did not occur in any patients, and none required admission. In conclusion, day-care therapeutic ERCP/EUS is safe and cost-effective in the oldest old patients.

SiO₂ microparticles with carbon nanotube-derived mesopores as an efficient support for enzyme immobilization

Kumar, Ashok,Park, Gi Dae,Patel, Sanjay K.S.,Kondaveeti, Sanath,Otari, Sachin,Anwar, Muhammad Zahid,Kalia, Vipin C.,Singh, Yogendra,Kim, Sun Chang,Cho, Byung-Kwan,Sohn, Jung-Hoon,Kim, Dong Rip,Kang, Y Elsevier 2019 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.359 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Novel mesoporous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> microparticles were synthesized by spray pyrolysis using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) as a template. The synthesized multicompartment structure with uniform pores of 12.0 nm was used to immobilize lipase from <I>Thermomyces lanuginosus</I>. The total surface area of mesoporous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> microparticles prepared from silica colloidal solution was increased by 26-folds compared to that of dense SiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles (494 vs 19.0 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively). Mesoporous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles showed 236% higher protein loading for lipase, than dense SiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles. The maximum velocity (<I>V</I> <SUB>max</SUB>) and catalytic efficiencies of immobilized lipase were 3.80 and 5.90 folds higher than that of free enzyme. Contact angle analysis revealed increased hydrophobicity of the mesoporous particles, which is advantageous for lid opening at the active center, and increased activity after immobilization. We next developed a lipase/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/glassy carbon electrode (GCE) biosensors. Cyclic voltammetric results showed linear responses of the lipase/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/GCE bioelectrode towards tributyrin (50–300 mg dL<SUP>−1</SUP>) as a surface-limited reaction in Tris-HCl buffer. After 12 repetitive uses, dense SiO<SUB>2</SUB>- and mesoporous SiO<SUB>2</SUB>-bound lipase retained 74.2 and 95.4% of its original activities, respectively. Thus, given their desirable characteristics and industrial utility, greatly porous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles may provide an excellent support for enzyme immobilization in biosensor development or biocatalysis in organic media.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mesoporous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> is synthesized by spray pyrolysis using carbon nanotubes as a template. </LI> <LI> Mesoporous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> microparticles have been successfully used to immobilize enzyme. </LI> <LI> Mesoporous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> provides an excellent support for enzyme in biosensor or biocatalysis. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Shock wave attenuation using sandwiched structures made up of polymer foams and shear thickening fluid

Kehar Singh,Rajat Raj,Arun Kumar Rajagopal,Sachin Jalwal,Subrata Chakraborty 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.3

The present study experimentally investigates the shock wave attenuation performance of various sandwiched structures made up of different polymer foams (expanded polystyrene and polyurethane foam) with and without shear thickening fluid (STF). STF is a non-Newtonian fluid whose viscosity increases with increase in shear rate due to the formation of hydro clusters produced by the increased hydrodynamic forces acting between the interstitial spaces. Two layers of polymer foams have been considered for the shock protective material and the space between the layers is filled with shear thickening fluid. The shock wave is experimentally generated from a shock tube facility and is allowed to impinge on a target plate kept at 10 mm downstream to the shock tube end. It is seen that the protective material with polyurethane foam and shear thickening fluid (polyethylene glycol+silica nanoparticles) reduces the shock overpressure by nearly 35.51 %, whereas the protective material with only polyurethane foam (with the same thickness) reduces the shock overpressure by only 13.17 %. Similarly, the protective material with expanded polystyrene and shear thickening fluid reduces the shock overpressure by nearly 32.16 %, whereas the protective material with only expanded polystyrene (with the same thickness) reduces the shock overpressure by only 10.49 %. Hence, it is evident that the shear thickening fluid between the polymer foam layers greatly helps in shock wave attenuation.

CoBiD-net: a tailored deep learning ensemble model for time series forecasting of covid-19

Shastri Sourabh,Singh Kuljeet,Deswal Monu,Kumar Sachin,Mansotra Vibhakar 대한공간정보학회 2022 Spatial Information Research Vol.30 No.2

The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has left the world to a standstill by creating a calamitous situation. To mitigate this devastating effect the inception of artificial intelligence into medical health care is mandatory. This study aims to present the educational perspective of Covid-19 and forecast the number of confirmed and death cases in the USA, India, and Brazil along with the discussion of endothelial dysfunction in epithelial cells and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) with the Covid-19. Three different deep learning based experimental setups have been framed to forecast Covid-19. Models are (i) Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) (ii) Convolutional LSTM (iii) Proposed ensemble of Convolutional and Bi-directional LSTM network are known as CoBiD-Net ensemble. The educational perspective of Covid-19 has been given along with an architectural discussion of multi-organ failure due to intrusion of Covid-19 with the cell receptors of the human body. Different classification metrics have been calculated using all three models. Proposed CoBiD-Net ensemble model outperforms the other two models with respect to accuracy and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Using CoBiD-Net ensemble, accuracy for Covid-19 cases ranges from 98.10 to 99.13% with MAPE ranges from 0.87 to 1.90. This study will help the countries to know the severity of Covid-19 concerning education in the future along with forecasting of Covid-19 cases and human body interaction with the Covid-19 to make it the self-replicating phenomena.

Modeling of Micro-Scale Fiber Laser Hardening Process and Optimization via Statistical Approximation of the Engineering Models

Neeraj Gupta,Sachin Bhimrao Ahirrao,Santanu Paul,Ramesh Kumar Singh 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.16 No.13

Laser transformation hardening is effective technique used for selective hardening of components such as turbine blade, camshafts and gears. Laser hardening provides benefits over other selective hardening processes in terms of thermal distortion, control of process and appearance of component. The fiber laser is relatively recent development. The single/low mode fiber lasers have good beam quality, high wall plug efficiency, fiber delivery and powers up to few hundred watts. The beam quality of single mode fiber lasers enable it to be focused to a spot size of few tens of mm which can yield hardened tracks of 100 to 500 mm. These fiber lasers can be extremely useful in localized micro-scale surface hardening to create hardened patterns for improving the wear resistance. This paper is focused on developing analytical thermal model of moving heat sources and integrating it with kinetic hardening model to capture the metallurgical changes induced by fiber lasers. An ideal surface hardening technique should give widest hardened track at minimum case depth. To address this issue, an optimization methodology based on statistical approximation of the physics-based engineering models has been developed.

CoBiD-net: a tailored deep learning ensemble model for time series forecasting of covid-19

Shastri Sourabh,Singh Kuljeet,Deswal Monu,Kumar Sachin,Mansotra Vibhakar 대한공간정보학회 2022 Spatial Information Research Vol.30 No.1

The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has left the world to a standstill by creating a calamitous situation. To mitigate this devastating effect the inception of artificial intelligence into medical health care is mandatory. This study aims to present the educational perspective of Covid-19 and forecast the number of confirmed and death cases in the USA, India, and Brazil along with the discussion of endothelial dysfunction in epithelial cells and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) with the Covid-19. Three different deep learning based experimental setups have been framed to forecast Covid-19. Models are (i) Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) (ii) Convolutional LSTM (iii) Proposed ensemble of Convolutional and Bi-directional LSTM network are known as CoBiD-Net ensemble. The educational perspective of Covid-19 has been given along with an architectural discussion of multi-organ failure due to intrusion of Covid-19 with the cell receptors of the human body. Different classification metrics have been calculated using all three models. Proposed CoBiD-Net ensemble model outperforms the other two models with respect to accuracy and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Using CoBiD-Net ensemble, accuracy for Covid-19 cases ranges from 98.10 to 99.13% with MAPE ranges from 0.87 to 1.90. This study will help the countries to know the severity of Covid-19 concerning education in the future along with forecasting of Covid-19 cases and human body interaction with the Covid-19 to make it the self-replicating phenomena.

Modeling of Micro-Scale Fiber Laser Hardening Process and Optimization via Statistical Approximation of the Engineering Models

Neeraj Gupta,Sachin Bhimrao Ahirrao,Santanu Paul,Ramesh Kumar Singh 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

Laser transformation hardening is effective technique used for selective hardening of components such as turbine blade, camshafts and gears. Laser hardening provides benefits over other selective hardening processes in terms of thermal distortion, control of process and appearance of component. The fiber laser is relatively recent development. The single/low mode fiber lasers have good beam quality, high wall plug efficiency, fiber delivery and powers up to few hundred watts. The beam quality of single mode fiber lasers enable it to be focused to a spot size of few tens of mm which can yield hardened tracks of 100 to 500 mm. These fiber lasers can be extremely useful in localized micro-scale surface hardening to create hardened patterns for improving the wear resistance. This paper is focused on developing analytical thermal model of moving heat sources and integrating it with kinetic hardening model to capture the metallurgical changes induced by fiber lasers. An ideal surface hardening technique should give widest hardened track at minimum case depth. To address this issue, an optimization methodology based on statistical approximation of the physics-based engineering models has been developed.

Progress in bioremediation of pesticide residues in the environment

Balendu Shekher Giri,Sachin Geed,Kumar Vikrant,이상수,김기현,Suresh Kumar Kailasa,Meththika Vithanage,Preeti Chaturvedi,Birendra Nath Rai,Ram Sharan Singh 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.6

The increasing use of various pesticides (e.g., organophosphate, organochlorine, carbamates, and pyrethroid) has helped to improve agricultural productivity by minimizing the potential crop losses associated with insect attacks. Owing to their highly recalcitrant nature, most pesticides and their residues often accumulate in the environment to exert deleterious effects on human health and various ecosystems. Among a variety of remediation options, biological approaches have attracted a widespread attention for the treatment of pesticide in soil/water systems due to their environmentally benign nature. In this regard, this review article was organized to highlight the recent advancements in the application of various bioremediation approaches for the degradation/removal of pesticides from soil/water matrixes along with the catabolic capacity of microorganisms. Our discussions were expanded further to emphasize identification of specific bacterial communities/strains, such as Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. This review is expected to provide an overview of the modern biotechnological methodologies along with the associated merits and hurdles for the effective abatement of pesticides.

Comparative analysis of VMT genes/proteins in selected plant species with emphasis on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Sharma Hemant,Shayaba,Kumar Rahul,Kumar Jitendra,Bhadana Deepa,Batra Ritu,Singh Rakhi,Kumar Sachin,Roy Joy K,Balyan Harindra S.,Gupta Pushpendra K. 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.11

Background In recent years, the study of molecular basis of uptake, transport and utilization of grain Fe/Zn (GFe/GZn) in wheat has been an active area of research. As a result, it has been shown that a number of transporters are involved in uptake and transport of Fe. In a recent study, knockout of a transporter gene OsVMT (VACUOLAR MUGINEIC ACID TRANSPORTER) in rice was shown to be involved in Fe homoeostasis. Objective In this study, we analysed VMT genes among six monocots and three dicots with major emphasis on wheat VMT genes (TaVMTs), taking OsVMT gene as a reference. Methods and results Using OsVMT gene as a reference, VMT genes were identified and sequence similarities were examined among six monocots and three dicots. Each VMT protein carried one functional domain and 7 to 10 distinct motifs (including 9 novel motifs). The qRT-PCR analysis showed differential expression by all the six TaVMT genes in pairs of contrasting wheat genotypes with high (FAR4 and WB02) and low (K8027 and HD3226) GFe/GZn at two different grain filling stages (14 DAA and 28 DAA). TaVMT1 genes showed up-regulation in high GFe/Zn genotypes relative to low GFe/Zn genotypes, whereas the TaVMT2 genes showed down-regulation or nonsignificant up-regulation in a few cases. Conclusions At 14 DAA, each of the six TaVMT genes exhibited higher expression in wheat genotypes with high GFe and GZn relative to those with low GFe and GZn, suggesting major role of VMT genes in improvement of grain Fe/Zn homoeostasis, thus making TaVMT genes useful for improvement in Fe/Zn in wheat grains.