Generation of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms During Esophageal Acid Infusion With Concomitant Esophageal pH Monitoring in Healthy Adults

( Shunji Ohara ),( Kenji Furuta ),( Kyoichi Adachi ),( Kousuke Fukazawa ),( Masahito Aimi ),( Masaharu Miki ),( Yoshikazu Kinoshita ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2013 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.19 No.4

Background/Aims The sensitivity of the upper and lower esophageal mucosa to acid is considered to differ. We investigated the relationship between pH changes in different sites of the esophagus and generation of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms during an acid infusion test. Methods An acid infusion catheter was placed at 5 or 15 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in 18 healthy volunteers, while a 2-channel pH sensor catheter was also placed in each with the sensors set at 5 and 15 cm above the LES. Solutions containing water and hydrochloric acid at different concentrations were infused through the infusion catheter. Results Acid infusion in the upper esophagus caused a pH drop in both upper and lower esophageal sites, whereas that in the lower esophagus resulted in a significant pH drop only in the lower without a corresponding pH decline in the upper esophagus. Stronger heartburn, chest pain, and chest oppression symptoms were noted when acid was infused in the upper as compared to the lower esophagus, while increased intra-esophageal acidity strengthened each symptom. Regurgitations caused by upper and lower esophageal acid infusions were similar, and not worsened by a larger drop in intra-esophageal pH. Chest pain was caused only by lowered intra-esophageal pH, while heartburn, chest oppression, and regurgitation were induced by a less acidic solution. Conclusions Higher intra-esophageal acidity caused stronger heartburn, chest pain, and chest oppression symptoms. However, regurgitation was not significantly influenced by intra-esophageal acidity. The upper esophagus showed higher acid sensitivity than the lower esophagus. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013;19:503-508)

Tohoku Medical Megabank Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study: Rationale, Design, and Background

Shunji Mugikura 한국자기학회 2023 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.33 No.2

Securitization and the Merger of Great Power Management and Global Governance: The Ebola Crisis

Shunji Cui,Barry Buzan 사단법인 코리아컨센서스연구원 2019 분석과 대안 Vol.3 No.1

Within the discipline of International Relations (IR), the literatures on global governance (GG) and great power management (GPM) at best ignore each other, and at worst treat the other as a rival or enemy. On the one hand, the GPM literature, like both realism in all its forms, and neoliberalism, takes for granted the ongoing, disproportionate influence of the great powers in the management of the international system/society, and does not look much beyond that. On the other hand, the GG literature emphasizes the roles of smaller states, non-state actors and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), and tends to see great powers more as part of the problem than as part of the solution. This paper argues that the rise to prominence of a non-traditional security agenda, and particularly of human security, has triggered a de facto merger of GPM and GG that the IR literature usually treated as separate and often opposed theories. We use the Ebola crisis of 2014-15 to show how an issue framed as human security brought about a multi-actor response that combined the key elements of GPM and GG. The security framing overrode many of the usual inhibitions between great powers and non-state actors in humanitarian crises, including even the involvement of great power military forces. Through examining broadly the way in which the Ebola crisis is tackled, we argue that in an age of growing human security challenges, GPM and GG are necessarily and fruitfully merging. The role of great powers in this new human security environment is moving away from the simple means and ends of traditional GPM. Now, great powers require the ability to cooperate and coordinate with multiple-level actors to make the GG/GPM nexus more effective and sustainable. In doing so they can both provide crucial resources quickly, and earn respect and status as responsible great powers. IGOs provide legitimation and coordination to the GPM/GG package, and non-state actors (NSAs) provide information, specialist knowledge and personnel, and links into public engagement. In this way, the unique features of the Ebola crisis provide a model for how the merger of GPM and GG might be taken forward on other shared-fate threats facing global international society.

Substituent-Dyeing Properties Relationship of Disperse Dyes on Polyester in Low Pressure Waterless Dyeing System

Shunjie Yu,Hongjuan Zhang,Liujun Pei,Shuaitong Liang,Aixue Dong,Jiping Wang 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.2

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) has attracted an increasing attention because it can realize waterless dyeing ofchemical fibers. In this paper, two azo disperse dyes with different substituents were synthesized, and compared with C.I. Disperse Red 73 to study the relationship between structure and dyeing properties systematically in D5 media. The resultsshowed that the dyeing uptake of dyes increased from 85.5 % to 98.0 % with the substituent changing from N-ethyl to Nacetoxyethylgroup. This was because the solubility of dyes in D5 media showed an evident reduction. Although the dyescontaining N-cyanoethyl group had the lowest solubility, the dyeing uptake became 93.4 %, which was slight lower than thatof dyes with N-acetoxyethyl group. This was because an introduction of N-cyanoethyl group increased dye molecularaggregation in D5 media, making it difficult to diffuse. Additionally, the dyes with N-ethyl or N-acetoxyethyl groups showedbetter washing fastness and rubbing fastness than that of dye containing N-cyanoethyl group. These results provide apotential theoretical guidance for improving exhaustion of disperse dyes in waterless dyeing system. This study will promotetextile industry sustainable development.

Soft Power Suit for Knee Motion Assistance

Shunji MOROMUGI,Yasuhiro KOUJINA,Shogo ARIKI,Takayuki TANAKA,Maria Q,FENG,Takakazu ISHIMATSU 한국과학기술원 인간친화 복지 로봇 시스템 연구센터 2003 International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Me Vol.4 No.4

  A wearable device is proposed and developed in order to provide comfortable human motion assistance. Unlike the conventional power amplifying devices, the ultimate goal of "soft power suit" which is proposed in this study is to achieve comfortable assistance only at target parts of the body with relatively light assisting power rather than high power amplification. In this paper a pair of soft power suits for knee motion assistance is proposed. The proposed soft power suits are composed of exoskeletons, sensors, actuators and a controller. Four pneumatic artificial muscles are used to actuate the soft power suit for each leg. They are controlled based on the information about muscle activity obtained from innovative muscle stiffness sensors developed by authors. The effectiveness of the developed soft power suits is evaluated through two experiments. One is to evaluate the effectiveness of the soft power suit in enhancing operator"s strength, and the other one is to evaluate the effectiveness in reducing fatigue during repetitive knee joint exercise. It was verified that the soft power suit reinforces operator"s strength and reduces fatigue.

Effect of Molding Composition on the Flow Characteristics in Powder Injection Molding

Shunji Iwahashi 한국소성가공학회 1998 플라스틱가공 심포지엄(한일 공동 세미나) Vol.1998 No.9

Expression of lymphatic vessels in the human deciduous tooth pulp

Shunji Kumabe,Michiko Nakatsuka,Keiko Takama,Yasutomo Iwai 대한체질인류학회 2008 대한체질인류학회 학술대회 연제 초록 Vol.51 No.-

Double Rhythm The Rainbow and Women in Love as an "Organic Whole"

Shunji Suzuki 한국로렌스학회 2007 D.H. 로렌스 연구 Vol.15 No.1

The Rainbow and Women in love were originally to be written as one novel, Sisters, but as the result of the First World War, Lawrence could not continue writing Sisters, which eventually became two separate works Lawrence insists even after the publication of the two novels that they are a kind of "sequel" or an "organic artistic whole" F. R. Leavis and others, however, do not agree with Lawrence in this respect, and argue that the two novels should be read as separate works Is Lawrence wrong when he insists that they should make an "organic whole"? In reading Lawrence's novels, we need to pay attention to the "organic" relation of the various elements, such as characters, images, and the background of nature, which makes the "rhythmic form" So we should examine the "double rhythm of creating and destroying" (quoted from Studies in Classic American Literature) flowing through the two novels This paper attempts to demonstrate that the "double rhythm" falling down through The Rainbow finally goes toward the Lawrentian paradise of true being in Women in Love, and that the two novels can be read as a kind of "organic whole. "

Molecular Mechanism of the Action of Clostridium botulinum Type B Neurotoxin

Shunji, Kozaki 大韓微生物學會 2000 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.35 No.5-6(부록)

A Robust Online Korean Teaching Support Technology Based on TCNN

Shunji Cui 한국멀티미디어학회 2023 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.10 No.3

The emergence and development of multimedia forms provide technical support for online Korean language teaching. However, in many as-pects, there are still many problems in online Korean teaching, such as noise interference, inaccurate translation, and unstable translation mod-els. In this paper, we propose a Korean speech enhancement model based on temporal convolutional neural network and GRU neural network. We explore a Korean speech enhancement technology based on deep neural network, to make Korean speech teaching clearer and smoother, and to provide a robust support technology for online Korean teaching. First, we construct a temporal convolutional neural network to process and extract temporal feature in language data. Second, we introduce the sliding window mechanism and the maximum pooling structure to extract the feature in the speech time series data effectively and reduced the data scale. Third, we employ the Bi-GRU neural network and en-coder-decoder for temporal data enhancement, which effectively avoids the problem that the hidden layer information cannot be effectively used in the traditional model, thereby improving the prediction accuracy and speed of speech data. The experimental outcomes demonstrate the effective evaluation performance of the method proposed in this paper.