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The interpretation of Shahid in Patani
Shintaro Hara Institute for International Trade and Cooperation, 2019 Asian International Studies Review Vol.20 No.1
The southern borderland provinces of Thailand is the official Thai name for a region which local people there passionately refer to as Patani. Since the eruption of the latest wave of violence in this region in 2004, approximately 7000 people have been killed, and many of them are the local people. Because of the violent history of the region, insurgents have referred to their struggle as a sacred war (jihad). There has also been discussion among insurgents about how to interpret and justify the concept of martyr (shahid). Rather than interpreting Thailand’s Deep South conflict itself, this article focuses upon how local Malay-Muslims in Patani interpret shahid deaths as “authorized” in Patani society and by whom or which organisation, and how the local society perceives it, by mainly resorting to in-depth, semi-structured interviews of the local Malay Muslim people in Patani.
Non-Flying-Type MEID Mechanism for Lunar/Planetary Exploration Spacecraft Landing
Susumu Hara,Shintaro Matsui,Naoaki Saeki,Masatsugu Otsuki 대한기계학회 2015 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.춘계 No.-
In these days, lunar/planetary detailedv exploration attracts attention again. When lunar/planetary exploration spacecraft land, large shock force may suspend them from continuing the mission by damages to mounted devices. Additionally, its shock caused spacecraft to rebound and tip over, and highly precise explorations become hard. Therefore novel landing methods to lunar/planetary surface are needed to be developed. Inprevious studies, the authors’ research group proposed the shock response control methods on the basis of momentum exchange principles. Conceretely, they adopted momentum exchange impact dampers (MEIDs) that exchange the controlled object’s momentum for that of extra masses (damper masses) close to the object. However, flying damper masses may reshock to the spacecraft or pollute the lunar/planetary surface. Therefore, the authors discuss Non-Flying-Type MEID (NFMEID) mechanism in this paper. NFMEID mechanism can exchange a part of the shock in landing for the rotary momentum of the damper masses and landing gear. If this type is available, MEID mechanisms can be applied to not only spacecraft but also general mechanical structures. The usefulness of MEID mechanism may be dramatically extended. This paper shows the effectiveness of NFMEID mechanism by some falling simulations.
Atsushi Takeoka,Takuya Kimura,Shintaro Hara,Toyohiro Hamaguchi,Shin Fukudo,Jun Tayama 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2023 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.29 No.2
Background/AimsSymptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common gut-brain interaction disorder, deteriorate patients’ quality of life and increase medical needs; therefore, IBS represents a significant global burden. The estimated global prevalence is approximately 10%; however, accumulated evidence shows international heterogeneity. In this study, we have described and compared the prevalence of IBS in 3 East Asian countries: Japan (Tokyo and Fukuoka), China (Beijing), and South Korea (Seoul). MethodsWe conducted an internet-based cross-sectional survey of the urban population aged > 20 years in the abovementioned countries. We recruited equal numbers of age- (20s-60s) and sex-matched participants (3910 residents). IBS was diagnosed according to the Rome III criteria, and the subtypes were analyzed. ResultsThe overall prevalence of IBS with 95% CI was 12.6% (11.6-13.7); the prevalence was significantly different across Japan, China, and South Korea (14.9% [13.4-16.5], 5.5% [4.3-7.1], and 15.6% [13.3-18.3], respectively) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, 54.9% of patients were male. IBS-mixed was the most prevalent subtype; the prevalence of other subtypes varied. ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of IBS in the 3 countries was slightly higher than the global prevalence, and it was significantly lower in China than in Japan and South Korea. IBS prevalence was the highest and lowest among individuals in their 40s and 60s, respectively. Male individuals had a higher prevalence of IBS with diarrhea. Further studies are needed to elucidate the factors associated with this regional heterogeneity.