Assessment of Normal Eyeball Protrusion Using Computed Tomographic Imaging and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction in Korean Adults

Shin, Kang-Jae,Gil, Young-Chun,Lee, Shin-Hyo,Kim, Jeong-Nam,Yoo, Ja-Young,Kim, Soon-Heum,Choi, Hyun-Gon,Shin, Hyun Jin,Koh, Ki-Seok,Song, Wu-Chul Informa UK (Informa Healthcare) 2017 Seminars in ophthalmology Vol.32 No.5

High Mobility Group Nucleosomal Binding Domain 2 (HMGN2) SUMOylation by the SUMO E3 Ligase PIAS1 Decreases the Binding Affinity to Nucleosome Core Particles

Wu, Jie,Kim, Sol,Kwak, Man Sup,Jeong, Jang Bin,Min, Hyun Jin,Yoon, Ho-Geun,Ahn, Jin-Hyun,Shin, Jeon-Soo American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2014 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.289 No.29

<P>High mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2 (HMGN2) is a small and unique non-histone protein that has many functions in a variety of cellular processes, including regulation of chromatin structure, transcription, and DNA repair. In addition, it may have other roles in antimicrobial activity, cell homing, and regulating cytokine release. Although the biochemical properties of HMGN2 protein are regulated by acetylation and phosphorylation, it is not yet known whether HMGN2 activity can also be regulated by SUMOylation. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that HMGN2 is modified by covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO1) by pro-inflammatory signal and identified the major SUMOylated lysine residues that localize to the HMGN2 nucleosome-binding domain at Lys-17 and Lys-35. SENP1 can deSUMOylate SUMOylated HMGN2, and PIAS1 is the E3 ligase responsible for SUMOylation of HMGN2. Finally, using SUMO1-conjugated HMGN2 purified from a basal SUMOylation system in <I>Escherichia coli</I>, we demonstrated that SUMOylated HMGN2 has decreased the binding affinity to nucleosome core particles in comparison to unSUMOylated HMGN2. These observations potentially provide new perspectives for understanding the functions of HMGN2 in inflammatory reaction.</P>

In vitro study on anti-inflammatory effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate-loaded nano- and microscale particles

Wu, Yan Ru,Choi, Hong Jin,Kang, Yun Gyeong,Kim, Jeong Koo,Shin, Jung-Woog Dove Medical Press 2017 International journal of nanomedicine Vol.12 No.-

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>This study aimed to develop an anti-inflammation system consisting of epigallo-catechin-3-gallate (EGCG) encapsulated in poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles to promote wound healing.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Nano- and microscale PLGA particles were fabricated using a water/oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation method. The optimal particle size was determined based on drug delivery efficiency and biocompatibility. The particles were loaded with EGCG. The anti-inflammatory effects of the particles were evaluated in an in vitro cell-based inflammation model.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Nano- and microscale PLGA particles were produced. The microscale particles showed better biocompatibility than the nanoscale particles. In addition, the microscale particles released ~60% of the loaded drug, while the nanoscale particles released ~50%, within 48 hours. Thus, microscale particles were selected as the carriers. The optimal EGCG working concentration was determined based on the effects on cell viability and inflammation. A high EGCG dose (100 μM) resulted in poor cell viability; therefore, a lower dose (≤50 μM) was used. Moreover, 50 μM EGCG had a greater anti-inflammatory effect than 10 μM concentration on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Therefore, 50 μM EGCG was selected as the working dose. EGCG-loaded microparticles inhibited inflammation in human dermal fibroblasts. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects persisted after replacement of the drug-loaded particle suspension solution with fresh medium.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>The EGCG-loaded microscale particles are biocompatible and exert a sustained anti-inflammatory effect.</P>

Gas sensing characteristics of the FET-type gas sensor having inkjet-printed WS₂ sensing layer

Jeong, Yujeong,Shin, Jongmin,Hong, Yoonki,Wu, Meile,Hong, Seongbin,Kwon, Ki Chang,Choi, Seokhoon,Lee, Taehyung,Jang, Ho Won,Lee, Jong-Ho Elsevier 2019 Solid-State Electronics Vol.153 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper investigates the gas sensing characteristics of the MOSFET-type sensor having an inkjet-printed WS<SUB>2</SUB> sensing layer. The drain current of the gas sensor increases when NO<SUB>2</SUB> gas is injected into the test chamber since NO<SUB>2</SUB> gas is an oxidizing gas that extracts electrons from the sensing layer. On the contrary, the drain current decreases when H<SUB>2</SUB>S gas is injected into the test chamber since H<SUB>2</SUB>S gas is a reducing gas that donates electrons to the sensing layer. In both cases, the change of the drain current increases as the gas concentration increases. However, for other gases (NH<SUB>3</SUB> and CO<SUB>2</SUB>), the gas sensor has a small change of the drain current. The responses of the gas sensor to 10 ppm NO<SUB>2</SUB>, H<SUB>2</SUB>S, NH<SUB>3</SUB>, and CO<SUB>2</SUB> gases are 15.20%, 7.18%, 1.66%, and 3.02%, respectively. Therefore, the WS<SUB>2</SUB> sensor has a high selectivity for NO<SUB>2</SUB> gas among the four target gases.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The drain current of the WS<SUB>2</SUB> gas sensor increases when NO<SUB>2</SUB> gas is injected, but decreases when H<SUB>2</SUB>S gas is injected. </LI> <LI> However, for other gases, the gas sensor has a small change of the drain current. </LI> <LI> As a result, the sensor has a high selectivity for NO<SUB>2</SUB> gas. </LI> </UL> </P>

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypeptide Inhibits Pacemaker Activity of Colonic Interstitial Cells of Cajal

Wu, Mei Jin,Kee, Keun Hong,Na, Jisun,Kim, Seok Won,Bae, Youin,Shin, Dong Hoon,Choi, Seok,Jun, Jae Yeoul,Jeong, Han-Seong,Park, Jong-Seong The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.5

This study aimed to investigate the effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) on the pacemaker activity of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in mouse colon and to identify the underlying mechanisms of PACAP action. Spontaneous pacemaker activity of colonic ICC and the effects of PACAP were studied using electrophysiological recordings. Exogenously applied PACAP induced hyperpolarization of the cell membrane and inhibited pacemaker frequency in a dose-dependent manner (from 0.1 nM to 100 nM). To investigate cyclic AMP (cAMP) involvement in the effects of PACAP on ICC, SQ-22536 (an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase) and cell-permeable 8-bromo-cAMP were used. SQ-22536 decreased the frequency of pacemaker potentials, and cell-permeable 8-bromo-cAMP increased the frequency of pacemaker potentials. The effects of SQ-22536 on pacemaker potential frequency and membrane hyperpolarization were rescued by co-treatment with glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channel blocker). However, neither $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a competitive inhibitor of NO synthase) nor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-${\alpha}$]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase) had any effect on PACAP-induced activity. In conclusion, this study describes the effects of PACAP on ICC in the mouse colon. PACAP inhibited the pacemaker activity of ICC by acting through ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels. These results provide evidence of a physiological role for PACAP in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility through the modulation of ICC activity.

Three-dimensional microstructures of the intracortical canals in the animal model of osteoporosis

Shin-Hyo Lee,Jeong-Nam Kim,Kang-Jae Shin,Ki-Seok Koh,Wu-Chul Song 대한해부학회 2020 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.53 No.2

Osteoporosis is a major disease in aged women, increasing the risk for fractures accompanied by changes in the microarchitecture. The aim of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) histomorphology of femur diaphysis in the animal model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The cortical bone of femur diaphysis of the rat was serially sectioned at a thickness of 5 μm and evaluated age-associated changes of the intracortical (osteonal) canal networks three-dimensionally. Cortical microstructures of 10-month old rats were not affected by ovariectomy. Intracortical canal networks were radial toward endosteal aspect and frequently interconnected across the neighboring canals with short arciform and irregular canals reminiscent for resorption spaces in ovarectomized 16-month old rats, contrary to intact canals in 16-month old control rat. Increased proportion of the periosteal circumference lamella and deformed endosteal regions with rare cortical canals hampered reconstructive histomorphology in ovarectomized rats of 26 month age. We have shown that 3D reconstruction of rat femur of the aged model over 16-month old is suitable methods that evaluate and microstructural change of the intracortical canals and cortical bone porosity by estrogen depletion.

Haversian system of compact bone and comparison between endosteal and periosteal sides using three-dimensional reconstruction in rat

Jeong-Nam Kim,Jun-Young Lee,Kang-Jae Shin,Young-Chul Gil,Ki-Seok Koh,Wu-Chul Song 대한해부학회 2015 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.48 No.4

The current model of compact bone is that of a system of Haversian (longitudinal) canals connected by Volkmann’s (transverse) canals. Models based on either histology or microcomputed tomography do not accurately represent the morphologic detail and microstructure of this system, especially that of the canal networks and their spatill relationships. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the morphologic pattern and network of the Haversian system and to compare endosteal and periosteal sides in rats using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Ten Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8-10 weeks were used. The femurs were harvested from each rat and fixed, decalcified with 10% EDTA-2Na, serially sectioned at a thickness of 5 mm, and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The serial sections were reconstructed three-dimensionally using Reconstruct software. The Haversian canals in the endosteal region were found to be large, highly interconnected, irregular, and close to neighboring canals. In contrast, the canals in the periosteal region were straight and small. This combined application of 3D reconstruction and histology examinations to the Haversian system has confirmed its microstructure, showing a branched network pattern on the endosteal side but not on the periosteal side.

Atomic and electronic structures of graphene-decorated graphitic carbon nitride (<i>g</i>-C₃N₄) as a metal-free photocatalyst under visible-light

Jeong, Taehwan,Piao, Huiyan,Park, Sangwoo,Yang, Jae-Hun,Choi, Goeun,Wu, Qinke,Kang, Hyunmin,Woo, Hwi Je,Jung, Seong Jun,Kim, Hanchul,Shin, Bong Gyu,Kim, Youngkuk,Hwang, Euy Heon,Choy, Jin-Ho,Song, You Elsevier 2019 Applied catalysis. B, Environmental Vol.256 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Industrial demands for sustainable and renewable energy resources have inspired studies on photonic and electronic properties of graphitic-carbon nitride (<I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) as a promising photocatalyst without precious metal. The absorption and the yield by metal-free pristine <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> are, however, still limited with hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) mostly around ultraviolet-light. Here, we propose the graphene-decorated <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> as a metal-free photocatalyst under visible-light, based on our atomic-scale measurements and calculations. The <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> nanosheets on highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) exhibit band-gaps appropriate for visible-light absorption and work-functions tuned for band alignments to supply electrons and holes for HER/OER. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) measurements for local density of states (LDOS) in atomic scale and work-functions in nanometer scale with ab initio calculations confirmed the various electronic transitions for each nitrogen and carbon atom in different atomic registries. The graphene-decorated <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>, therefore, could provide a breakthrough enabling the efficient water-splitting reactions under visible-light without precious metal.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The potocatalytic mechanism of graphene/<I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> was unveiled by STM measurements and DFT calculations at the atomic scale. </LI> <LI> This heterostructure has a direct and indirect band-gaps of 2.51 and 1.64 eV, representing the best fit to a visible light. </LI> <LI> Band alignments appropriate for HER and OER could be confirmed by thickness-dependent CPD measurements by KPFM and STS. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Summary of the research: Graphene-decorated graphitic carbon nitride (<I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) can be a metal-free photocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) under visible light. Epitaxially-stacked graphene can induce an appropriate bandgap and work-function on <I>g</I>-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>. The role of carbon and different nitrogen atoms for bandgap and work-function modulations could be described by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) measurements in atomic scale along with DFT calculations.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

피부(皮膚) 소양증(搔痒症)환자 1례에 대한 증례보고

신정철 ( Jeong Cheol Shin ),나건호 ( Gun Ho Na ),이동현 ( Dong Hyun Lee ),류충열 ( Chung Ryul Ryu ),채우석 ( Wu Suk Chae ),윤여충 ( Yeo Choong Yoon ),조명래 ( Myung Rac Cho ) 대한경락경혈학회 2005 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.22 No.3

Objective: The main purpose of this report is to investigate the effect of Korean traditional medical care about Pruritic Dermatosis. Methods: The patient was treated with Acupuncture, herb medicine, Herbal-acupuncture. we evaluated the change of symptom through Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and photos of the skin. Results: After 10 times of treatment, There was remarkable improvement in symptoms of the patient. Conclusion: We confirmed the superiority of Korean traditional medical care about Pruritic Dermatoses. We think that we must research effective remedy through many more case reports.

Female-to-Male Proportions of the Head and Face in Koreans

Song, Wu-Chul,Kim, Jung-Il,Kim, Soon-Heum,Shin, Dong-Hyeok,Hu, Kyung-Seok,Kim, Hee-Jin,Lee, Jeong-Yong,Koh, Ki-Seok Mutaz B. Habal, MD 2009 JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY - Vol.20 No.2

It is well known that the head and face are smaller in female subjects than in male subjects. However, almost all previous studies have quantified the size difference between female and male subjects as simple numerical values, which might not clarify the difference. The present study evaluated the female-to-male proportions of the head and face so as to clarify the sex-related differences. A total of 1939 female subjects and 1398 male subjects were divided into 3 age groups: young (20-39 y), middle-aged (40-59 y), and elderly (60-79 y). The dimensions were classified into 3 categories: 5 cephalic, 3 frontal facial, and 6 lateral facial. The female-to-male proportions of individual dimensions were compared in the 3 age groups using the following formula: female measurement value × 100/(mean of male measurement value). The female-to-male proportions of the cephalic dimension increased with age, with the female cephalic dimensions overall being about 96% of the male cephalic dimensions. The female-to-male proportions of the frontal facial dimension were constant across the age groups, with the female frontal facial dimensions overall being 95% of the male frontal facial dimensions. The female lateral facial dimension increased markedly from the young to middle-aged group and was constant or decreased slightly from the middle-aged to the elderly group. Overall, the female lateral facial dimensions were approximately 97% of the male lateral facial dimensions. The present study will suggest a new approach to elucidate those sex-related dimensional differences that are characteristic of female and male subjects.