중국 수사절차상 피의자변호권의 보완과 향후과제

최군용, 사진원 忠北大學校 法科大學 法學硏究所 2013 法學硏究 Vol.24 No.1

In march of 2012, China's legislature has re-modified the criminal procedure law from eight aspects, including the criminal defense system. After that, in terms of legislation, the status and rights of defense lawyers have great changes so that make China's criminal defense system to a new level. This paper selects four topics in order to summarize, analyse and interpret the new law. Including the status of defense lawyers, the perfection of conditional rights of defense lawyers, the perfection of instrumental rights of defense lawyers, the perfection of Indemnificatory rights of defense lawyers, summarizes, analyses and interprets the new law.

Role of peripheral vestibular receptors in the control of blood pressure following hypotension

Jin, Guang-Shi,Li, Xiang-Lan,Jin, Yuan-Zhe,Kim, Min Sun,Park, Byung Rim The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2018 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.22 No.4

Hypotension is one of the potential causes of dizziness. In this review, we summarize the studies published in recent years about the electrophysiological and pharmacological mechanisms of hypotension-induced dizziness and the role of the vestibular system in the control of blood pressure in response to hypotension. It is postulated that ischemic excitation of the peripheral vestibular hair cells as a result of a reduction in blood flow to the inner ear following hypotension leads to excitation of the central vestibular nuclei, which in turn may produce dizziness after hypotension. In addition, excitation of the vestibular nuclei following hypotension elicits the vestibulosympathetic reflex, and the reflex then regulates blood pressure by a dualcontrol (neurogenic and humoral control) mechanism. In fact, recent studies have shown that peripheral vestibular receptors play a role in the control of blood pressure through neural reflex pathways. This review illustrates the dual-control mechanism of peripheral vestibular receptors in the regulation of blood pressure following hypotension.

c-fos mRNA Expression in the Vestibular System following Hypergravity Stimulation in Rats

Jin Guang-Shi,Lee Jae-Hyo,Lee Jae-Hee,Lee Moon-Young,Kim Min-Sun,Jin Yuan Zhe,Song Jeong-Hoon,Park Byung-Rim The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2007 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.11 No.1

Altered environmental gravity, including both hypo- and hypergravity, may result in space adaptation syndrome. To explore the characteristics of this adaptive plasticity, the expression of immediate early gene c-fos mRNA in the vestibular related tissues following an exposure to hypergravity stimulus was determined in rats. The animals were subjected to a force of 2 g (twice earth's gravity) for 1, 3, or 12 h, and were examined poststimulus at 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and real-time quantitative RT-PCR were adopted to analyze temporal changes in the expression of c-fos mRNA. The hypergravity stimulus increased the expression of c-fos mRNA in the vestibular ganglion, medial vestibular nucleus, inferior vestibular nucleus, hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex. The peak expression occurred at 0 h poststimulation in animals stimulated with hypergravity for 1 h, and at 6 h poststimulus in those stimulated for 3 h. In contrast, those stimulated for 12 h exhibited dual peaks at 0 and 12 h poststimulus. Bilateral labyrinthectomy markedly attenuated the degree of c-fos mRNA expression. Glutamate receptor antagonist also dramatically attenuated the degree of c-fos mRNA expression. These results indicate that expression of c-fos mRNA in response to hypergravity occurs in the vestibular related tissues of the central nervous system, in which peripheral vestibular receptors and glutamate receptors play an important role. The temporal pattern of c-fos mRNA expression depended on the duration of the hypergravity stimulus.

c-fos mRNA Expression in the Vestibular System following Hypergravity Stimulation in Rats

Guang Shi Jin,Jae Hyo Lee,Jae Hee Lee,Moon Young Lee,Min Sun Kim,Yuan Zhe Jin,Jeong Hoon Song,Byung Rim Park 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2007 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.11 No.1

Altered environmental gravity, including both hypo- and hypergravity, may result in space adaptation syndrome. To explore the characteristics of this adaptive plasticity, the expression of immediate early gene c-fos mRNA in the vestibular related tissues following an exposure to hypergravity stimulus was determined in rats. The animals were subjected to a force of 2 g (twice earth s gravity) for 1, 3, or 12 h, and were examined poststimulus at 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and real-time quantitative RT-PCR were adopted to analyze temporal changes in the expression of c-fos mRNA. The hypergravity stimulus increased the expression of c-fos mRNA in the vestibular ganglion, medial vestibular nucleus, inferior vestibular nucleus, hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex. The peak expression occurred at 0 h poststimulation in animals stimulated with hypergravity for 1 h, and at 6 h poststimulus in those stimulated for 3 h. In contrast, those stimulated for 12 h exhibited dual peaks at 0 and 12 h poststimulus. Bilateral labyrinthectomy markedly attenuated the degree of c-fos mRNA expression. Glutamate receptor antagonist also dramatically attenuated the degree of c-fos mRNA expression. These results indicate that expression of c-fos mRNA in response to hypergravity occurs in the vestibular related tissues of the central nervous system, in which peripheral vestibular receptors and glutamate receptors play an important role. The temporal pattern of c-fos mRNA expression depended on the duration of the hypergravity stimulus.

중국 해상 법집행의 문제점과 개선방안에 관한 연구

사진원 ( Shi Jin-yuan ),박상식 ( Park Sang-sik ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2018 法學硏究 Vol.26 No.3

중국은 해양대국으로서 국가해양발전전략기획과 국가해양권익을 지키기 위해서 해양에서의 법집행 주체를 명확히 할 필요가 있다. 해양환경의 특수성 및 복잡성 때문에 해양 법집행주체의 직권범위, 각 부서의 업무를 합리적인 조정을 통해야만 해양 법집행의 확실성을 담보할 수 있다. 중국해상 법집행에 있어 기존의 체계는 현재 중국해양권익보호의 수요에 맞지 않다. 해양 법집행주체기구설치를 새롭게 함과 동시에 법률제도의 측면에서 해양집행주체의 확립과 실행을 보장하고 이에 상응하는 법률을 제공하여야 해양 법집행주체의 ‘정당한 명분’을 보장하고 법리적인 갈등과 모순을 피할 수 있다. 동시에 법리와 법률의 모순을 조화롭게 하는 것은 앞으로의 과제이다. 이러한 의미에서 본 논문은 중국의 해양 법집행에 있어 법률의 합법성 여부, 합리성 및 과학성을 추진하는 중국 해양 법률체계의 중요내용을 살펴보고 그 개선점을 제시하는 것이 목적이다. China is a maritime country, based on the national marine development strategy planning, safeguard national marine rights and interests, the need to establish and improve the country's maritime law enforcement body, due to the particularity and complexity of the marine environment, marine law enforcement authority division, coordination between the various departments division of labor, through reasonable arrangement, in order to protect the marine law enforcement smooth operation. The marine law enforcement body of the system has been unable to meet the needs of China ocean rights protection, in the follow up set marine law enforcement body mechanism at the same time, the construction and operation of the protection of the marine law enforcement from the legal system, give the corresponding legal support, to ensure the marine law enforcement body "pretext", reduce legal conflict and conflict necessary. At the same time, coordinating the conflict between jurisprudence and law and promoting the legality, rationality and scientificity of the legal basis of maritime law enforcement is an important part of building China's marine legal system.

Experimental and Clinical Study of Korean Red Ginseng Treatment on Hypertension

En Yuan Jin,Ming Jin,Yu Lin Wei,Liu Hua Huang,Xian Ping Yan,Zai Xiang Shi,Li Huang,De Chu Shen,Ren Jie Fu,Tian Yu Zhao,Ki Yeul Nam,Akira Kumagai 고려인삼학회 1998 International Symposium on Ginseng Vol.- No.-

중국 형사소송법상 공소단계에서 불법증거의 배제절차에 관한 연구 ―인권보장의 입법적 가치를 중심으로-

사진원 ( Shi Jin-yuan ),박상식 ( Park Sang-sik ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2019 法學硏究 Vol.27 No.3

중국 형사소송법은 여러 번의 진통을 거쳐 위법수집증거배제법칙을 자백배제법칙의 일부로 규정하였다. 중국은 이러한 구체적 실천과 더불어 피의자의 인권보장 향상에 노력을 다하고 있다. 그중 물적증거와 구두증거의 불법취득에 관한 법률효과에 있어 절차상 증거의 수집에 엄격한 요건을 추가함과 동시에 수사 과정에 있어 합리적 제한을 두었다. 결과적으로 검찰로 하여금 적법한 증거만을 통하여 공소여부를 결정하게 하여 수사에 대한 감독과 통제를 강화하여, 범죄피의자의 인권보장에 큰 역할을 하게 되었다. 관련 법에 따르면, 검찰의 증거에 대한 판단은 내부적 소송 절차에 의하여 진행되는데, 문제는 이에 관한 법률의 명확한 규정이 없다는 것이다. 즉, 검찰의 증거에 대한 판단 절차의 명확한 법규의 미비로 인하여 필연적으로 실무에 난제를 가하게 되는 한편 임의적 수사권을 방종하게 된다. 예컨대, 이 단계에서 위법하게 수집한 증거의 배제법칙을 어떻게 적용하며, 수사 내용에 대하여 관련 당사자들의 알 권리가 보장되는지 등의 문제가 발생한다. 이는 범죄피의자의 인권보장과 직결되는 것으로 시급히 해결해야 할 절차상의 문제이다. 본문은 이러한 문제점을 염두에 두고 중국 형사소송의 입법적 가치를 향상하고, 동시에 위법한 증거를 통한 피의자의 인권이 침범당하지 않도록 하는 것을 주된 내용으로 하였다. 이와 더불어 중국 형사소송에 존재하는 절차상의 현실적 문제점을 분석하여 그 대책을 세우는데 본 논문의 목적으로 삼고자 한다. In the process of amending China's Criminal Procedure Law, the legislation on the exclusion of illegal evidence has been gradually improved, and the legal consequences of illegal acquisition of material evidence and verbal evidence have been clarified. From the perspective of the process of amending the law, the forensic procedure has become more and more rigorous, and the requirements and control of Investigative behaviors have been gradually strengthened on investigative organs. Through the examination and judgement of evidence, the procuratorial organs can control and supervise the investigation. Analysing from the point of view of laws and regulations, the procuratorial organs'judgment and selection of evidence is mainly carried out through the internal litigation process. How to operate the evidence is not clearly stipulated by relevant laws, which will inevitably lead to the arbitrariness of the operation in practice. Also on the stage of investigation and prosecution, how to start the procedure of illegal evidence, the content and method of examination need not be known by the relevant personnel, but these procedures such as the right of circumstances are very important to regulate the exclusion of illegal evidence before prosecution. These procedural systems need to be constructed and perfected urgently. How to accomplish these tasks in the stage of public prosecution plays a decisive role in the whole process of litigation, and also plays a key role in ensuring the quality of litigation. The existing exclusionary rules of illegal evidence are designed to avoid the occurrence of unjust and false cases. Considering the realistic utilitarian perspective, the value orientation is different from the value core of the origin of exclusionary rules of illegal evidence. It is to restrict the illegal forensic behavior of the police, which is also the larger discretion standard of exclusionary rules of illegal evidence in criminal proceedings in China. the exclusionary rules of illegal evidence established for practical problems must have certain limitations. Whether it can bring practical effects into play remains to be tested by practice. It is necessary to accumulate practical experience in the exploration, explore the law of development in a specific environment, gradually improve the construction and application of evidence rules, and then enhance the leap of legal value and realize the protection of human rights.

Experimental and Clinical Study of Korea Red Ginseng Treatment on Hypertension

(En Yuan Jin),(Ming Jin),(Yu Lin Wei),(Lin Hun Huang),(Xiao Ping Yan),(Zai Xiang Shi),(Li Huang),(De Chu Shen),(Ren Jie Fu),(Tian Yu Zhao),(Ki Yeul Kam),(Akira Kumagai) 고려인삼학회 1998 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the Vol.- No.-

Role of peripheral vestibular receptors in the control of blood pressure following hypotension

Guang-Shi Jin,Xiang-Lan Li,Yuan-Zhe Jin,김민선,박병림 대한약리학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.22 No.4

Hypotension is one of the potential causes of dizziness. In this review, we summarize the studies published in recent years about the electrophysiological and pharmacological mechanisms of hypotension-induced dizziness and the role of the vestibular system in the control of blood pressure in response to hypotension. It is postulated that ischemic excitation of the peripheral vestibular hair cells as a result of a reduction in blood flow to the inner ear following hypotension leads to excitation of the central vestibular nuclei, which in turn may produce dizziness after hypotension. In addition, excitation of the vestibular nuclei following hypotension elicits the vestibulosympathetic reflex, and the reflex then regulates blood pressure by a dualcontrol (neurogenic and humoral control) mechanism. In fact, recent studies have shown that peripheral vestibular receptors play a role in the control of blood pressure through neural reflex pathways. This review illustrates the dual-control mechanism of peripheral vestibular receptors in the regulation of blood pressure following hypotension.

The Three-wavelength PR<SUP>3+</SUP>:YLF Laser at 604 nm 607 nm and 640 nm with Fabry-Perot Etalon

Long Jin,Yu-Shi Jin,Yuan Dong,Qing-Song Li,Yong-Ji Yu,Shu-Tao Li,Guang-Yong Jin 한국광학회 2018 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.2 No.5

A three-wavelength Pr<SUP>3+</SUP>:YLF laser at 604 nm, 607 nm and 640 nm simultaneously output by Fabry-Perot (F-P) etalon has been obtained. A 444 nm blue laser diode is used for pumping the Pr<SUP>3+</SUP>:YLF crystal, and a 0.1 mm F-P etalon is inserted in the resonator to select wavelength. The theoretical model of three-wavelength Pr<SUP>3+</SUP>:YLF laser is established, by adjusting the tilt angle of the etalon, the transmittances of the different wavelengths can be controlled, and the threshold values can be made to equalize by controlling the loss among different wavelengths. In the experiment, when the tilt angle of etalon is 9° and the optimized length of resonator is 48 mm, the total output power of 25 mW at the three-wavelength is achieved at incident pump power of 7.5 W.