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Exogenous Silicon Application Alleviates Salt Stress in Okra
Tahira Abbas,Abdul Sattar,Muhammad Ijaz,Muhammad Aatif,Samina Khalid,Ahmad Sher 한국원예학회 2017 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.58 No.4
Salt stress is known to adversely affect a variety of processes in plants, inhibiting growth and decreasingcrop yield. Silicon (Si) protects plants against a variety of environmental stresses. In the present study, seedlings oftwo genotypes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench; salt-tolerant OH-713 and salt-sensitive Okra-7080) weresubjected to four treatments; control (no NaCl or Si added), only Si (150 mg·L-1Si), only salinity (6.0 dS·m-1), orsalinity + Si, to observe their response at the morphological, physiological, and enzymatic level. The application ofSi in stressed okra cultivars led to significant improvements, including increasing the leaf area and leaf area index,decreasing the leaf water potential and osmotic potential, and enhancing the turgor potential and relative watercontents. It also increased the activity of the enzymatic antioxidants ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase, aswell as increasing nitrate reductase levels and activity. The suppressed concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium(Mg) ions under salt stress were alleviated by the application of Si. The results of the current investigationsuggested that Si confers salt tolerance to okra, potentially by enhancing their water status, improving antioxidantactivity, and enhancing nitrogen metabolism.
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Muhammad Ajaz Hussain,Khawar Abbas,Muhammad Sher,Muhammad Nawaz Tahir,Wolfgang Tremel,Mohammad Saeed Iqbal,Muhammad Amin,Munair Badshah 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.12
This article presents the synthesis of novel hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)-aspirin (ASP) conjugates,i.e. macromolecular prodrugs, through the reaction of HPMC with ASP after its in situ activation by 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. The highly pure ASP prodrugs obtained by this homogeneous and elegant esterification method were characterized using different spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. Nanoparticulate drug design was successfully achieved by the conversion of free hydroxyls of the polymer into acetates. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed nanoparticle formation with the major population size distribution of around 450 nm. Nevertheless, the pharmacokinetics of the HPMC conjugates were studied using high performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic data indicated that a single dose of 132.6 mg of HPMC-ASP was well tolerated in animal studies without any adverse effects. The maximum plasma concentration (C_max) of HPMC-ASP was found to be 14.6 μg·L^-1 with a t_max of 1 h. The plasma half-life and clearance and the volume of HPMC-ASP distribution were 4.6 h, 3.23 L·h^-1, and 21.8 L·kg^-1, respectively. The elimination of HPMC-ASP followed first-order kinetics with r^2 of 0.9643. The results presented in this paper show the great potential of HPMCASP as a more effective, safe, and stable prodrug.
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Madiha Butt,Abdul Sattar,Tahira Abbas,Ahmad Sher,Muhammad Ijaz,Sami Ul-Allah,Muhammad Rashid Shaheen,Fawad Kaleem 한국원예학회 2020 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.61 No.4
Globally, soil salinity is a serious threat to horticultural crop productivity. Chili ( Capsicum annum L.) is a major spice horticulturalcrop. Its growth and production is severely aff ected by salt stress. To address this problem, a sand culture experimentwas conducted in which two contrasting chili genotypes ‘ Plahi ’ (salt tolerant) and ‘A-120’ (salt sensitive) were grown undersalt stress (50 mM NaCl) with foliar application of proline (0.8 mM). Proline application enhanced salt tolerance in bothgenotypes by osmoregulation of sodium and potassium. It enhanced chili growth and fruit yield by improving plant waterrelations and gas exchange attributes under salt stress. Antioxidants were increased with proline application under salt stress. There was also a signifi cant positive correlation found among glycinebetaine and proline contents. In conclusion, proteintreatedchili plants performed better than untreated plants as evidenced by normal function of photosynthetic machinery andantioxidant mechanisms under salt stress.
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The Impact of Social Capital on Consumer Attitudinal Evaluations: An Empirical Study in Pakistan
Zhengmeng CHAI,Muhammad MALIK,Salamat HUSSAIN,Sher ABBAS,Najabat ALI,Zaheer ABBAS,Nousheen MUNAWAR 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.3
The primary goal of this study is to investigate the impact of social capital on consumer attitudinal evaluations. We propose a hypothetical receptacle, thereby applying a mediation framework because of social capital. We expect that increasing social capital would improve brand image and consumer-company (C-C) identification, resulting in positive in-role and extra-role customer behavior toward the brand. Data was collected from 425 respondents primarily from Karachi’s five zones (East, West, North, South, and Central) and analyzed using confirmatory component analysis and structural equation design. The findings showed that social capital had a positive and significant relationship with customer extra-role behavior, as well as two mediators, brand image and consumer business identity. Furthermore, both mediators have a significant impact on both in-role and extra-role behavior. However, there is no evidence that social capital has a direct impact on in-role behavior. This study will help businesses in gaining a competitive advantage by concentrating on social capital to improve their brand image and customer relationship.
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Waqas Ahmad,Chaudhary Muhammad Ayyub,Muhammad Asif Shehzad,Khurram Ziaf,Muhammad Ijaz,Ahmad Sher,Tahira Abbas,Jamil Shafi 한국원예학회 2019 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.60 No.6
Soil salinity is one of the severe threats of climate change that inflicts heavy losses to vegetable production. Potassium (K) has been considered essential approach against abiotic stresses in food crops, however, understanding of K regulated mechanisms for inducing tolerance to NaCl stress in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) plants is, still elusive. Here, we report the supplemental K effects on antioxidant defense system and physiological processes that may influence the cabbage production under saline conditions. Initially, cabbage varieties (‘Stone Head’, ‘Golden Acre’, ‘9j-940’, ‘Beauty Ball’, ‘Green Ball’, ‘Green Rise’, ‘Marco F-1’) were tested under NaCl stress (50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) for their higher growth, vigor index and mineral contents. The identified cabbage var. salt-tolerant, cv. Beauty Ball (BB) and salt-sensitive cv. Green Ball (GB) were further exposed to foliar K (5 and 10 mM solutions of KNO3) under the same NaCl regimes. NaCl stress markedly inhibited photosynthetic efficiency, water status and chlorophyll pigments, thereby, resulted in reduced dry biomass of both varieties. Nevertheless, exogenous K spray at 10 mM caused positive gain in leaf water relations, chlorophyll contents in both cabbage varieties. The ameliorative impacts of K were more pronounced in salt-tolerant cv. BB as compared to salt-sensitive cv. GB in terms of higher accumulation of total soluble proteins, total free amino acids, proline contents, upregulated antioxidant activities and enhanced gas exchange characteristics. Hence, improvement in growth and K+/Na+ ratio of cabbage plants by foliar K application (10 mM) were related to up-regulation of physiological and biochemical mechanisms under saline conditions.
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