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Lee, JooBuom,Lee, Kyungsun,Choe, Keunbum,Jung, Hyunseob,Cho, Hyunseok,Choi, Kiseok,Kim, Taegon,Kim, Seojin,Lee, Hyeong-Seok,Cha, Mi-Jin,Song, Si-Whan,Lee, Chul Kyu,Chun, Gie-Taek Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2015 Toxicological Research Vol.31 No.4
TS-DP2 is a recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) manufactured by TS Corporation. We conducted a four-week study of TS-DP2 (test article) in repeated intravenous doses in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Lenograstim was used as a reference article and was administered intravenously at a dose of $1000{\mu}g/kg/day$. Rats received TS-DP2 intravenously at doses of 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/kg/day$ once daily for 4 weeks, and evaluated following a 2-week recovery period. Edema in the hind limbs and loss of mean body weight and body weight gain were observed in both the highest dose group of TS-DP2 and the lenograstim group in male rats. Fibro-osseous lesions were observed in the lenograstim group in both sexes, and at all groups of TS-DP2 in males, and at doses of TS-DP2 $500{\mu}g/kg/day$ and higher in females. The lesion was considered a toxicological change. Therefore, bone is the primary toxicological target of TS-DP2. The lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) in males was $250{\mu}g/kg/day$, and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in females was $250{\mu}g/kg/day$ in this study. In the toxicokinetic study, the serum concentrations of G-CSF were maintained until 8 hr after administration. The systemic exposures ($AUC_{0-24h}$ and $C_0$) were not markedly different between male and female rats, between the administration periods, or between TS-DP2 and lenograstim. In conclusion, TS-DP2 shows toxicological similarity to lenograstim over 4-weeks of repeated doses in rats.
JooBuom Lee,Kyungsun Lee,Keunbum Choe,Hyunseob Jung,Hyunseok Cho,Kiseok Choi,Taegon Kim,Seojin Kim,Hyeong-Seok Lee,Mi-Jin Cha,Si-Whan Song,Chul Kyu Lee,Gie-Taek Chun 한국독성학회 2015 Toxicological Research Vol.31 No.4
TS-DP2 is a recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) manufactured by TS Corporation. We conducted a four-week study of TS-DP2 (test article) in repeated intravenous doses in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Lenograstim was used as a reference article and was administered intravenously at a dose of 1000 μg/kg/day. Rats received TS-DP2 intravenously at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 μg/kg/day once daily for 4 weeks, and evaluated following a 2-week recovery period. Edema in the hind limbs and loss of mean body weight and body weight gain were observed in both the highest dose group of TS-DP2 and the lenograstim group in male rats. Fibro-osseous lesions were observed in the lenograstim group in both sexes, and at all groups of TS-DP2 in males, and at doses of TS-DP2 500 μg/kg/day and higher in females. The lesion was considered a toxicological change. Therefore, bone is the primary toxicological target of TS-DP2. The lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) in males was 250 μg/kg/day, and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in females was 250 μg/kg/day in this study. In the toxicokinetic study, the serum concentrations of G-CSF were maintained until 8 hr after administration. The systemic exposures (AUC0-24h and C0) were not markedly different between male and female rats, between the administration periods, or between TS-DP2 and lenograstim. In conclusion, TS-DP2 shows toxicological similarity to lenograstim over 4-weeks of repeated doses in rats.
Lee, SeoJin,Panthi, Sandesh,Jo, Hyun Woo,Cho, Jaeyoung,Kim, Min-Sik,Jeong, Na Young,Song, In Ok,Jung, Junyang,Huh, Youngbuhm Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2017 Neural regeneration research Vol.12 No.3
<P>Dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type C (DI-CMTC) is a dominantly inherited neuropathy that has been classified primarily based on motor conduction velocity tests but is now known to involve axonal and demyelination features. DI-CMTC is linked to tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YARS)-associated neuropathies, which are caused by E196K and G41R missense mutations and a single <I>de novo</I> deletion (153-156delVKQV). It is well-established that these YARS mutations induce neuronal dysfunction, morphological symptoms involving axonal degeneration, and impaired motor performance. The present study is the first to describe a novel mouse model of YARS-mutation-induced neuropathy involving a neuron-specific promoter with a deleted mitochondrial targeting sequence that inhibits the expression of YARS protein in the mitochondria. An adenovirus vector system and <I>in vivo</I> techniques were utilized to express YARS fusion proteins with a Flag-tag in the spinal cord, peripheral axons, and dorsal root ganglia. Following transfection of YARS-expressing viruses, the distributions of wild-type (WT) YARS and E196K mutant proteins were compared in all expressed regions; G41R was not expressed. The proportion of Flag/green fluorescent protein (GFP) double-positive signaling in the E196K mutant-type mice did not significantly differ from that of WT mice in dorsal root ganglion neurons. All adenovirus genes, and even the empty vector without the YARS gene, exhibited GFP-positive signaling in the ventral horn of the spinal cord because GFP in an adenovirus vector is driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter. The present study demonstrated that anatomical differences in tissue can lead to dissimilar expressions of YARS genes. Thus, use of this novel animal model will provide data regarding distributional defects between mutant and WT genes in neurons, the DI-CMTC phenotype, and potential treatment approaches for this disease.</P>
Seojin Stacey Lee,Joonkyung Kim,Yaeri Kim,Kiwan Park 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07
The spread of COVID-19 changes consumer preferences and behaviors greatly across the world. Extant literature has demonstrated that when there is a threat to disease, people stay away from those who do not seem healthy as they can be potentially infectious. Based on the previous literature, this research shows that individuals exposed to disease threat avoid products of which designs are high in visual complexity. When disease threat was present, individuals had lower purchase intention for products with complex designs. The perceived uncleanliness mediated the effect of visual complexity and disease threat on purchase intention. The findings provide a novel insight into the effect of disease salience on consumer perception of product design.
이서진 ( Seojin Lee ),유종민 ( Jongmin Yu ) 한국환경경제학회·한국자원경제학회 2022 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.31 No.2
이 논문은 우리나라의 재생에너지 발전이 전력계통한계가격(System Marginal Price: SMP)에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석한다. 2016~2020년 시간별 데이터를 사용하여 일일 평균, 피크 시간대, 피크 외 시간대의 SMP에 대해 ARX-GARCHX 모형으로 추정한 결과 총부하, 가스도입가격과 태양광 및 풍력 발전이 중요 결정요인으로 작용하고 있고, 특히 태양광 및 풍력 발전이 증가함에 따라 SMP는 하락하는 급전순위효과(merit order effect)가 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. 특히, 태양광 발전량의 1% 증가는 SMP 수준을 0.005%가량 하락시킬 뿐만 아니라 변동성을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 재생에너지 발전이 증가함에 따라 SMP가 하락하여 기존 발전소의 수익성 감소와 재생에너지 투자 감소로 이어질 수 있음을 시사하고, 신재생에너지 보조금이 소매 부분 전기요금에 부담을 가중하더라도 계통한계가격이 낮아져서 이를 상쇄할 수 있음을 의미한다. This paper empirically analyzes the effect of renewable electricity generation on the System Marginal Price (SMP) in Korea. Using an ARX-GARCHX model with hourly data from 2016 to 2020, we evaluate SMP determinants and merit order effects. As a result, we find that solar and wind power, as well as gas price and total load, play a critical role in the SMP. In particular, solar power reduces the SMP level but raises volatility during peak and off-peak periods. This result implies that SMP may fall as renewable electricity generation increases, leading to a decrease in the profitability of existing power plants and investment in renewables. On the other hand, even if the subsidy of renewable energy increases the burden on the SMP, it can be offset by the merit order effect, which lowers the SMP.
유명인 자녀 광고에서 사회경제적 계층이동성이 제품태도와 구매의향에 미치는 영향: 준사회적 관계 인식의 매개효과를 중심으로
이서진 ( Lee Seojin Stacey ),한혜주 ( Han Haejoo ) 한국소비자학회 2021 소비자학연구 Vol.32 No.3
최근 매스미디어 및 소셜미디어 등을 통해 유명인들의 자녀가 인플루언서(influencer)로 자리잡고 있다. 이러한 추세에 따라 기업들은 자사 제품 광고에 유명인 자녀들을 광고 모델로 기용하고 있다. 유명인 자녀를 광고 모델로 활용하는 것은 유명인이 가진 긍정적인 이미지와 인기를 그들의 자녀에게 전이(spillover)시켜 보다 넓은 소비 계층에게서 긍정적인 반응을 이끌어 낼 수 있는 장점이 있다. 하지만 동시에 소비자들로 하여금 지위의 세습이나 적절하지 않은 성공의 방식이라는 반발심이나 상대적 박탈감 등의 부정적 반응을 일으키게 할 가능성도 내포하고 있다. 본 연구는 유명인 자녀의 광고 출현에 대한 소비자 태도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 사회경제적 계층이동성 개념을 제안한다. 연구 결과, 사회 계층 간 이동성이 활발하다고 인식하는 소비자일수록 유명인 자녀가 광고하는 제품에 대해 보다 호의적인 반응을 나타냄을 발견하였다. 더 나아가, 이상의 관계는 유명인 자녀와의 준사회적 관계(parasocial relationship) 인식에 의해 매개됨을 증명하였다. 이상의 연구 결과는 유명인 자녀의 광고 효과에 대해 탐구한 최초의 연구로서, 주로 유명인 본인과 일반인에 국한하여 탐구된 기존의 광고 연구 결과를 확장하고 있다. 더 나아가, 마케팅 영역에서는 활발하게 탐구되지 않았으나 시의적으로 주목 받는 개념인 사회경제적 계층이동성 인식이라는 개념을 탐구함으로써 학계에 공헌하고 있다. Recently, “children of celebrities” have become new influencers through social and mass media. This trend is reflected by brands inviting these children as endorsers in their advertising. While children of celebrities as advertising endorsers can generate favorable responses across wider consumer segments from the spillover effect of the positive images and fame of their parents, they can also generate negative responses such as a sense of deprivation from inherited success and wealth. This research suggests that consumers’ perceived social mobility can maximize the potential positive effects of advertising endorsed by children of celebrities. Specifically, consumers who believe in high social mobility are more likely to show positive responses (e.g., attitudes, purchase intention, information search intention) to brands endorsed by children of celebrities. In addition, this positive link between social mobility and consumer responses to brands endorsed by children of celebrities is mediated by the perceived parasocial relationship with the children. To our knowledge, this research is the first to demonstrate the effects of advertising endorsed by children of celebrities, and extends on the existing findings which mainly focused on celebrities and non-celebrities. Furthermore, this research sheds light on the effects of social mobility, which is highly relevant to consumers’ lives but has not yet been well examined in the marketing literature.