<i>In Vitro</i> Cytotoxic Evaluation of MgO Nanoparticles and Their Effect on the Expression of ROS Genes

Kumaran, Rangarajulu Senthil,Choi, Yong-Keun,Singh, Vijay,Song, Hak-Jin,Song, Kyung-Guen,Kim, Kwang Jin,Kim, Hyung Joo MDPI 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.16 No.4

<P>Water-dispersible MgO nanoparticles were tested to investigate their cytotoxic effects on oxidative stress gene expression. In this <I>in vitro</I> study, genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione <I>S</I>-transferase (GST) and catalase, were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reactions (molecular level) and molecular beacon technologies (cellular level). The monodispersed MgO nanoparticles, 20 nm in size, were used to treat human cancer cell lines (liver cancer epithelial cells) at different concentrations (25, 75 and 150 µg/mL) and incubation times (24, 48 and 72 h). Both the genetic and cellular cytotoxic screening methods produced consistent results, showing that GST and catalase ROS gene expression was maximized at 150 µg/mL nanoparticle treatment with 48 h incubation. However, the genotoxic effect of MgO nanoparticles was not significant compared with control experiments, which indicates its significant potential applications in nanomedicine as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.</P>

Quantitation of oxidative stress gene expression in MCF-7 human cell lines treated with water-dispersible CuO nanoparticles.

Kumaran, Rangarajulu Senthil,Choi, Yong-Keun,Kim, Hyung Joo,Kim, Kwang Jin Humana Press 2014 Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol.173 No.3

<P>The objective of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of water-dispersible CuO nanoparticles by quantifying the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes (glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Monodisperse CuO nanoparticles of 14?nm in size were used. Cytotoxicity of CuO nanoparticles was evaluated under in vitro condition at different concentrations (10, 50, and 100?μg/ml) and incubation times (12, 24, and 48?h) with human cancer cell lines (breast cancer epithelial cells). The genetic level cytotoxic screening produced consistent results showing that GST and catalase ROS gene expression was maximized in 24?h incubation at 100?μg/ml concentration of CuO nanoparticles. However, the cytotoxicity of water-dispersible CuO nanoparticle was not significant compared with control experiments, demonstrating its high potential in the application of nanomedicines for a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.</P>

Cytotoxic Effects of ZnO Nanoparticles on the Expression of ROS-Responsive Genes in the Human Cell Lines

Kumaran, Rangarajulu Senthil,Choi, Yong-Keun,Singh, Vijay,Kim, Kwang Jin,Kim, Hyung Joo American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.16 No.1

<P>In the present investigation, engineered ZnO nanoparticles were tested for their induced oxidative stress in T47D tumor cell lines. The expressions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) related genes, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase were quantified by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, qualitative analysis of GST was also performed at the cell level using molecular beacon (MB) technology. The tested nanoparticles were 20 nm in size, water-dispersible and treated on human breast tumor epithelial cell lines at 20, 40, 80 mu g/ml concentration with 14, 28, 48 h incubation times. Nanoparticles induced expressions of ROS responsive genes at molecular and cellular level, produces consistent results with respect to different dosage and incubation time. The experiment showed that the expression of both GST and catalase genes were maximized at 28 h with 80 mu g/ml concentration. However, the toxic effect of the monodisperse ZnO nanoparticles was not significant compared with control experiments, demonstrating its high potential in the applications of nanomedicines for a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.</P>

Screening of species of the endophytic fungus<i>Phomopsis</i>for the production of the anticancer drug taxol

Kumaran, Rangarajulu Senthil,Hur, Byung‑,Ki Wiley (John WileySons) 2009 Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry Vol.54 No.1

<P>Three different strains of the endophytic fungus Phomopsis were isolated from the healthy leaves of Taxus cuspidata (Japanese yew), Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo or maidenhair tree) and Larix leptolepis (Japanese larch) and screened for the production of taxol on a modified liquid medium for the first time. The presence of taxol was confirmed by spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses. The amount of taxol produced by this fungus was quantified by HPLC. The maximum amount of fungal taxol production was recorded as 418 microg/litre in the strain BKH 27. The yield was increased to 8360-fold that found for the fungus Taxomyces andreanae reported previously [Stierle, Strobel and Stierle (1993) Science 260, 214-216]. The fungal taxol extracted also showed a strong cytotoxicity towards the human cancer cells in an apoptosis assay. All the three isolates showed positive sign towards PCR for the conserved sequence of the taxadiene synthase gene. The results suggest that Phomopsis could be an excellent alternative source for taxol and may serve as a potential genetic-engineered species for the enhanced production of taxol.</P>

Isolation and Identification of Taxol, an Anticancer Drug from Phyllosticta melochiae Yates, an Endophytic Fungus of Melochia corchorifolia L.

Rangarajulu Senthil Kumaran,Johnpaul Muthumary,Byung-Ki Hur 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.6

Phyllosticta melochiae, an endophytic fungus isolated from the healthy leaves of Melochia corchorifolia, was screened for the production of an anticancer drug, taxol on modified liquid medium and potato dextrose broth medium in culture for the first time. The presence of taxol was confirmed by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods of analysis. The amount of taxol produced by this fungus was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The maximum amount of fungal taxol production was recorded as 274 ㎍/ℓ. The production rate was increased to 5.5×1,000 fold than that found in the culture broth of earlier reported fungus, Taxomyces andreanae. The fungal taxol extracted also showed a strong cytotoxic activity in the in vitro culture of tested human cancer cells by apoptotic assay. The results designate that the fungal endophyte, P. melochiae is an excellent candidate for an alternate source of taxol supply and can serve as a potential species for genetic engineering to enhance the production of taxol to a higher level.

Production of Taxol from Phyllosticta dioscoreae, a Leaf Spot Fungus Isolated from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Rangarajulu Senthil Kumaran,김은기,허병기,Johnpaul Muthumary 한국생물공학회 2009 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.14 No.1

Taxol is a highly functionalized anticancer drug widely used in hospitals and clinics. The leaf spot fungus, Phyllosticta dioscoreae was isolated from diseased leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and screened for extracellular production of taxol in M1D (Modified liquid medium) and PDB (Potato dextrose broth) medium for the first time. The fungus was identified by its morphological and conidial features in the culture growth. The presence of taxol in the fungal culture filtrate was confirmed by different spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses. The amount of taxol produced was quantified by HPLC. The maximum amount of taxol produced was found to be 298 μg/L in M1D medium. Production rate was 5.96 x 103 times faster than that found in culture broth of earlier reported fungus, Taxomyces andreanae. The extracted fungal taxol also showed strong cytotoxic activity in vitro in the cultures of human cancer cells tested by apoptotic assay. The results indicate that P. dioscoreae is an excellent source of taxol production, which suggests that the fungus has potential to undergo genetic engineering in order to improve its production level.

Metallic 1T MoS₂ overlapped nitrogen-doped carbon superstructures for enhanced sodium-ion storage

Senthil, Chenrayan,Amutha, Subramani,Gnanamuthu, Ramasamy,Vediappan, Kumaran,Lee, Chang Woo Elsevier 2019 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.491 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The rational design and development of robust anode materials are important to realize high-performance sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, intrinsically conductive MoS<SUB>2</SUB> supported nitrogen-doped carbon superstructures (MoS<SUB>2</SUB>/NC) are reported as a highly active and conductive Na-ion battery anode. The <I>in-situ</I> formation of nitrogen-doped carbon matrices during hydrothermal treatment significantly favours the formation and coexistence of the 2H (semiconducting) and 1T (metallic) phases of MoS<SUB>2</SUB> due to the confinement effect of nitrogen and carbon. In addition, the restacking and intrinsic conductivity of MoS<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheets are diminished through the generation of layered carbon structures. As an anode material for Na-ion battery, the as-prepared MoS<SUB>2</SUB>/NC material exhibited improved Na-ion storage with a reversible capacity of 394 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> at a current rate of 0.1 C, and a good rate capability. The improved electrochemical performances of the MoS<SUB>2</SUB>/NC superstructures might be due to the coexistence of the 2H and 1T phases of MoS<SUB>2</SUB>. The layers of carbon in these structures act as spacers to prevent the agglomeration of MoS<SUB>2</SUB> sheets, thus enhancing the conductivity by mitigating volume changes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Facile, efficient, and surfactant-less synthesis for 1T MoS<SUB>2</SUB> is reported. </LI> <LI> Advantages of <I>in-situ</I> N-doping and N-rich carbon sheets are achieved in a single step. </LI> <LI> 1T MoS<SUB>2</SUB>/N-rich carbon electrode delivers enhanced capacity of 394 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> Presence of C and N offers improved electronic and ionic conductivity. </LI> <LI> Carbon sheets prevent particle agglomeration and alleviate volume changes. </LI> </UL> </P>

Nitrogen self-doped carbon sheets anchored hematite nanodots as efficient Li-ion storage anodes through pseudocapacitance mediated redox process

Chenrayan Senthil,Subramani Amutha,Thamodaran Partheeban,Mani Navaneethan,Kumaran Vediappan,Manickam Sasidharan,Chang Woo Lee 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.85 No.-

The evolution of ultrathin carbon layers self-doped by nitrogen assists the formation of α-Fe2O3 nanodotsembedded in N-rich carbon sheets by a surfactant-less self-assembly approach and they are reported asanode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The resulting Fe2O3 nanodots confine to size of 3–7 nm withevenly embedding in a two-dimensional N-rich carbon sheets. As an anode material, the Fe2O3ND/NCelectrode delivers a reversible capacity of 917 mA h g 1 at 0.1 C rate after 100 cycles and a good ratecapability and long term cyclability of 476 mA h g 1 at 3 C rate after 325 cycles. Detailed investigationthrough the differential capacity (dQ/dV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge techniques reveal anddistinguish the dual role of charge storage, i.e., faradaic and pseudocapacitive processes are involved inrealizing improved electrochemical performances. The contribution of the pseudocapacitive capacityfrom the electrochemical processes accounts for 216 mA h g 1, which are due to the Li storages in both thetiny size Fe2O3 and the defective sites of N-doped carbon sheets as portrayed through a model schematic. Altogether, the report paves way for accomplishing multiple avenues, such as in-situ nitrogen doping,preparation of nanodots and ultrathin N-doped carbon sheets for applications in energy conversion andstorage devices.

Biomass Derived Nitrogen Self-Doped Porous Carbon as Sustainable Anode Material for High-Performance Sodium-ion Batteries

Chenrayan SENTHIL,Jae Woo PARK,Hong Gi KIM,Vediappan KUMARAN,Chang Woo LEE 대한환경공학회 2019 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.-

Flexible Dispatch Strategy Adopted by Optimizing DG Parameters in a Real Time Power System Distributed Network

Shanmugapriya P.,Kumaran M. Senthil,Baskaran J.,Nayanatara C.,Sharmila P.,Eltamaly Ali M. 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.2

Demand response management (DRM) aims to curb the energy consumption by reducing the peak load and thereby improve the performance of distributed generation (DG). From the utility perspective, the cost of generation should be kept minimum, whereas from the customer’s view, the social welfare should be maximum. Therefore this research focuses on a new method based on intelligent algorithm to optimally operate the demand side management in the presence of DG units and demand response. Initially, the location, size and rating of DG units are selected to achieve the optimization of real, reactive power and voltage deviation Index. Finally comprehensive case studies are taken into consideration with DRM strategy to vindicate the technical and economical benefi ts. Reduction in congestion and power loss with maximized customer benefi t are taken as an objective function in this stage. Probability-Based Incremental Learning is implemented and it is tested in a standard IEEE 33bus system and a real-time Indian utility 23-bus system. Results reveal that the proposed optimization technique ensures better performance, reliability, and effi ciency even under parameter variations to prove the superiority of the proposed strategy