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Multiple renal veins clogging the hilum of the right kidney
Satheesha B Nayak(Satheesha B Nayak ),Narendra Pamidi(Narendra Pamidi ),Vasanthakumar Packirisamy(Vasanthakumar Packirisamy ),Soumya Kodimajalu Vasudeva(Soumya Kodimajalu Vasudeva ) 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.1
Knowledge of variations of renal vessels is of utmost importance in retroperitoneal surgeries and kidney transplant surgeries. We report concurrent variations of the right renal vessels, observed in an adult male cadaver during dissection classes. The right kidney was supplied by three renal arteries, out of which two entered the kidney through the hilum and the other one entered through the lower pole of the kidney. There were five renal veins, emerging independently from the hilum and opening separately through five openings into the inferior vena cava. Among the veins, only one emerged anterior to the renal pelvis and the other four emerged behind it. Four of them terminated into the posterolateral aspect of the inferior vena cava, whereas one terminated into its anterior aspect. Fourth vein from above, received the right testicular vein. The renal hilum was clogged with the presence of seven vessels and renal pelvis.
A peculiar liver with surgically and radiologically important variations: a case report
Satheesha B. Nayak,Snigdha Mishra,Bincy M. George,Surekha D. Shetty,Naveen Kumar,Anitha Guru,Srinivasa S. Rao,Ashwini Aithal 대한해부학회 2013 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.46 No.1
A peculiar liver was found in an adult male cadaver during a dissection class for undergraduate medical students. Th e quadrate lobe and fi ssure for the ligamentum teres were totally absent. Th us, the cystic notch on the inferior border was very broad and deep, and the fundus and body of the gall bladder popped out through this notch. Th e cystic duct terminated into the right hepatic duct at the porta hepatis instead of terminating into the common hepatic duct. Awareness of variations of the lobes and fi ssures may minimize a misdiagnosis of liver problems. Th e aim of the current study was to alert radiologists and surgeons about possible variations in the external appearance and anomalies of the lobes and fi ssures of the liver.
Satheesha B. Nayak 대한해부학회 2017 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.50 No.2
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the common congenital anomalies of the heart in humans. Its complications depend on the size of the defect and can manifest at any age. The common symptoms of ASD include dyspnea and fatigue. Most of the ASDs are associated with morbidity and mortality, Earlier the treatment, it is better to the patient. I saw a large ostium secundum defect in the heart of an adult female cadaver during dissection classes for undergraduate medical students. The interatrial septum had large defect at the region where fossa ovalis should have been located. It was about 1.25 inches in diameter and oval in shape. This type of large septal defect might result in cyanosis, stroke or death of the patient at any age.
Solitary osteochondroma in the body of the pubic bone:
Satheesha B. Nayak,Naveen Kumar,Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla,Srilatha Parampalli Srinivas,Narendra Pamidi,Surekha D. Shetty 대한해부학회 2018 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.51 No.2
Osteochondromas develop as cartilaginous nodules in the periosteum of bones. They are the commonest benign tumors of the skeleton, generally observed in the long bones. Rarely, they are also found in the axial skeleton, flat bones of skull and facial bones. During a regular dissection, we came across a solitary osteochondroma in posterior surface of the body of the right pubic bone. Histopathology of the bony projection confirmed the typical features of the osteochondroma. The symptomatic osteochondromas are usually evaluated during radiographic examination. Though, the observed osteochondroma is relatively smaller its unusual location is remarkable and knowledge of occurrence of such nodules is clinically important during the diagnosis and planning of treatment.
Partial duplication of tentorium cerebelli and complete duplication of falx cerebelli
Satheesha B. Nayak,Surekha D. Shetty 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.3
Variations of the dural folds and the dural venous sinuses are infrequently reported in the existing medical literature. Such variations in the posterior cranial fossa may pose difficulties in various analytical and surgical procedures of this region. We present a rare concurrent variation of the falx cerebelli and tentorium cerebelli that was detected during routine dissection of an adult male cadaver. While removing the brain, a partial duplication of tentorium cerebelli was observed below the left half of the tentorium cerebelli and above the left cerebellar hemisphere. This fold did not have any dural venous sinus in it. Further, a complete duplication of falx cerebelli with a single occipital venous sinus within its attached border was also observed. We present the review of literature and discuss the comparative anatomy of this case.
Satheesha B. Nayak,Ashwini P. Aithal,Abhinitha Padavinangadi,Gayathri Prabhu 대한해부학회 2018 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.51 No.3
Gallbladder shows frequent variations in position, shape, interior, and its duct system. These variations may go unnoticed lifelong; however, they may predispose it for cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. We observed a double pouched gallbladder in an adult male cadaver. The gallbladder was folded to have a sigmoid shape. It had two broad pouches: anterior and posterior and a narrow isthmus in between. Its anterior pouch was covered by peritoneum, whereas the posterior pouch was covered by extrahepatic connective tissue. We discuss the clinical and radiological importance of the case.
Double gallbladder completely enclosed in a cystogastric fold of peritoneum
Satheesha B Nayak,Surekha Devadasa Shetty,Sudarshan Surendran,Raghu Jetti,Naveen Kumar,Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla 대한해부학회 2014 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.47 No.2
Double gallbladder is one of the rare congenital anomalies of the gallbladder. Failure to detect an accessory gallbladder hampers diagnosis and treatment of cholecystitis, which might result in recurrent attacks of cholecystitis. In addition, presence of peritoneal folds extending from the stomach and duodenum to the gallbladder is very rare. Here we report the presence of a double gallbladder enclosed in a cystogastric fold of the peritoneum. During cadaveric dissection, we observed a cystogastric peritoneal fold that extended from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum to the gallbladder. The left end of the peritoneal fold merged with the lesser omentum. It enclosed two gallbladders: the main gallbladder and a small accessory gallbladder. The accessory gallbladder was a small pouch with its fundus attached to the main gallbladder by fibrous tissue, and its duct opened into the main cystic duct.
Sessile ileum, subhepatic cecum, and uncinate appendix that might lead to a diagnostic dilemma
Satheesha B. Nayak,Bincy Muthukattu George,Snigdha Mishra,Sudarshan Surendran,Prakashchandra Shetty,Surekha Devadasa Shetty 대한해부학회 2013 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.46 No.4
The subhepatic position of the cecum and appendix is a result of embryological reasons. Subhepatic appendicitis can cause diagnostic dilemmas. During the dissection of an adult male cadaver aged approximately 70 years, the subhepatic position of the cecum and appendix was noted. The appendix made a "U"-shaped bend and its tip was located in the paracolic position. The cecum had appendices epiploicae, and the terminal part of the ileum was retroperitoneal and had ascended vertically to the cecum from the right iliac fossa. Functionally, the sessile part of the ileum might restrict its peristaltic movements. The abnormal position of the terminal ileum might be mistaken for an ascending colon during laparoscopic surgery. The subhepatic position of the cecum and appendix might cause confusion in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis because the tenderness in such cases is not located at the McBurney's point.
Satheesha B. Nayak 대한해부학회 2018 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.51 No.4
In this report, four unusual communications between external and internal iliac veins of the left side have been presented. The lowest communication was the narrowest measuring about 2 mm in diameter, the second measured 6 mm, the third had a diameter of 7 mm and the last communication measured 5 mm in breadth. The upper three communications were twisted in a helical manner. The internal iliac vein had its normal tributaries except that the iliolumbar vein drained into the external iliac vein at the level of the third communication. The external iliac vein was slightly dilated just below the level of lowest communication.
Eight prehilar branches of the right renal artery
Satheesha B Nayak,Surekha D Shetty,Swamy Ravindra,Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla,Ashwini P Aithal,Jyothsna Patil,Naveen Kumar 대한해부학회 2014 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.47 No.3
Imaging technology with its advancement in the field of urology is the boon for the patients who require minimally invasive approaches for various kidney disorders. These approaches require a precise knowledge of the normal and variant anatomy of vessels at the hilum of the kidney. During routine dissections, a variation in the branching pattern of the right renal artery was noted in an adult male cadaver. The right renal artery divided into upper and lower divisions 6cm away from the hilum of the kidney. The upper division gave 4 branches, and the lower division gave two branches. These two branches further bifurcated and gave 2 branches each. Thus, there were 8 prehilar branches of renal artery. The multiple prehilar branches led to a congested atmosphere at the hilum of the kidney. This arterial congestion might result in hindering the blood flow at the renal hilum. Apart from this, it might cause difficulties in diagnostic and therapeutic invasive procedures. Knowledge of this variation is of importance to radiologists and urologists in particular.