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Comparative Study of the Behavior of a Wind Farm Integrating Three Different FACTS Devices
Sarrias, Raul,Gonzalez, Carlos,Fernandez, Luis M.,Garcia, Carlos Andres,Jurado, Francisco The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.4
Improving grid connection of wind farms is a relevant issue to be addressed, especially for fixed-speed wind turbines. Certain elements, such as FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems), are able to perform voltage and reactive power regulation in order to support voltage stability of wind farms, and compensate reactive power consumption from the grid. Several devices are grouped under the name of FACTS, which embrace different technologies and operating principles. Here, three of them are evaluated and compared, namely STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator), SVC (Static Var Compensator) and SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensator). They have been modeled in MATLAB/Simulink, and simulated under various scenarios, regarding both normal operation and grid fault conditions. Their response is studied together with the case when no FACTS are implemented. Results show that SSSC improves the voltage stability of the wind farm, whereas STATCOM and SVC provide additional reactive power.
Comparative Study of the Behavior of a Wind Farm Integrating Three Different FACTS Devices
Raul Sarrias,Carlos Gonzalez,Luis M. Fernandez,Carlos Andres Garcia,Francisco Jurado 대한전기학회 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.4
Improving grid connection of wind farms is a relevant issue to be addressed, especially for fixed-speed wind turbines. Certain elements, such as FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems), are able to perform voltage and reactive power regulation in order to support voltage stability of wind farms, and compensate reactive power consumption from the grid. Several devices are grouped under the name of FACTS, which embrace different technologies and operating principles. Here, three of them are evaluated and compared, namely STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator), SVC (Static Var Compensator) and SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensator). They have been modeled in MATLAB / Simulink, and simulated under various scenarios, regarding both normal operation and grid fault conditions. Their response is studied together with the case when no FACTS are implemented. Results show that SSSC improves the voltage stability of the wind farm, whereas STATCOM and SVC provide additional reactive power.
Adsorption and Self-Assembly of Anticancer Antibiotic Doxorubicin on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Andres Rodríguez-Galvan,Oscar Amelines-Sarria,Margarita Rivera,Maria del Pilar Carreon-Castro,Vladimir A. Basiuk 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.4
We performed a combined experimental and theoretical study of the conjugates obtained from single-walled carbon nanotubes and anticancer antibiotic doxorubicin (DOX). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging at lower magnification revealed, extended regions of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTS) fully covered with DOX adsorbed molecules, along with some bare parts without the adsorbed drug, thus suggesting that the DOX adsorption is a cooperative process. Ambient atmosphere scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at higher resolutions found that individual SWNTs-DOX conjugates exhibit a periodic texture, whose most important morphological feature is alternating depressions and protrusions along the nanotube. Based on the images and profiles measured, we suggest that doxorubicin molecules self-assemble on SWNTs sidewall according to a helical pattern, in which their tetracyclic fragments are turned with respect to the nanotube axis by about 50°. To provide an additional insight into the structure of noncovalent SWNTs-DOX conjugates, we employed density functional theory (DFT) calculations with three long-range corrected functionals: M05-2X, wB97X-D and LCBLYP, of which M05-2X yielded the most realistic results in terms of geometries and energies.