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Using macromolecules as osmotically active compounds in osmosis followed by filtration (OF) system
Sarp, S.,Lee, S.,Park, K.,Park, M.,Kim, J.H.,Cho, J. Balaban Publishers 2012 Desalination and Water Treatment Vol.43 No.1
<P> Finding a suitable osmostically active solute is the most important problem in forward osmosis (FO). Even though there are a number of osmotically active compounds that exist, the major problem occurs during the separation of product water from the solute. Osmotically active macromolecules (polyethylene glycol [PEG] and humic acid [HA]) were investigated in this research as possible draw solutes for FO. Cellulose triacetate FO membranes (Hydration Technology Innovations, LLC) and several ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes were used in osmosis and filtration steps of the system, respectively. Molecular weights (MW) of PEG were selected as 2k, 10k, and 20kDa for 400 and 600g/L concentrations. HA solutions were prepared in concentrations ranging from 200 to 800g/L. Increased MW resulted in higher water permeation when PEGs were used. The relationship between the reflection coefficient and the viscosity was investigated for PEG/water separation by membrane filtration. The combined effect of the osmotic pressure and the viscosity of the PEG solutions was found to be greater than the effect of the reflection coefficient on the permeability. </P>
Advanced treatment of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) effluents for effective wastewater reclamation
Sarp, Sarper,Chon, Kangmin,Kim, In S.,Cho, Jaeweon IWA Publishing 2011 Water Science & Technology Vol.63 No.2
<P>One of the two main objectives of this work is to oxidize MBR effluents with ozone/peroxide in high pH conditions in order to improve oxidation of pharmaceuticals, which could efficiently be rejected by the nanofiltration (NF) stage. The other main objective is to effectively oxidize of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in MBR effluents in order to decrease fouling in the filtration stage. In this work, ozone/peroxide oxidation was applied to the MBR effluents in high pH conditions in order to improve the formation of OH radicals, and oxidized effluents were filtered by the NF membrane (NE90) in order to investigate fouling potentials and the removal of pharmaceuticals. Natural and synthetic wastewater samples were used as feed solutions for the MBR system, which was equipped with a U-shaped hollow fiber membrane module. The flux decline was decreased from 29% to 15% when 9 mg/L of ozone was used, the same decline was also observed when 6 mg/L ozone and hydrogen peroxide (1/1 ozone/peroxide mol ratio) were used. A further decrease in flux decline was observed when pH was adjusted to 9.00 (29% to 9%) prior to the ozone/peroxide oxidation. In most cases, the increase in the ozone dose, the addition of hydrogen peroxide and the adjustment of the pH level led to an increase in the removal of pharmaceuticals. Iopromide, TCEP and Naproxen were found to be more resistant to the oxidation when pH was increased.</P>
Nonlinear system identification of smart reinforced concrete structures under impact loads
Sarp Arsava, K,Nam, Yunyoung,Kim, Yeesock SAGE Publications 2016 Journal of vibration and control Vol.22 No.16
<P>This paper proposes system identification models of smart concrete structures equipped with magnetorheological (MR) dampers under a variety of high impact loads. The proposed model was used to predict and analyze the highly nonlinear behavior of integrated structure-control systems subjected to impact loading. Highly nonlinear behavior of the integrated structure-MR damper was represented by a wavelet-based time delayed adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (W-TANFIS). To generate sets of input and output data for training and validating the proposed W-TANFIS models, experimental studies were performed on a smart reinforced concrete beam under a variety of impact loads. The impact forces and current signals on an MR damper were used as input signals for training the W-TANFIS to predict the acceleration, deflection, and strain responses. As a benchmark, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used. It was demonstrated that the proposed W-TANFIS framework is effective in anticipating the structural responses of the reinforced concrete beam-MR damper system subjected to impact loading. In addition, the comparison of the W-TANFIS and ANFIS models demonstrated that the W-TANFIS model has better performance over the ANFIS model.</P>
Time-series image analysis for investigating SWRO fouling mechanism
Monruedee, Moonkhum,Sarp, Sarper,Lee, Young Geun,Kim, Joon Ha Balaban Publishers 2012 Desalination and Water Treatment Vol.43 No.1
<P> The fouling behavior of seawater reverse osmosis membranes has yet to be definitively investigated due to the complexity of seawater compositions. In this study, a time-series image analysis (TSIA) was performed to investigate the fouling mechanism using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The fouling experiments were conducted with synthetic seawater (SS) and SS mixed with humic acid substances (SHA). The effect of operational time was investigated for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 20 h. According to the TSIA results, different fouling characteristics between SS and SHA experiments were observed. In the SS case, the fouling mechanism is the interaction between inorganic particles and the membrane surface as well as interaction between inorganic particles and the deposited foulants. Then, increased accumulation of deposited foulants was observed with respect to the operational time. However, in the presence of humic acid, the fouling mechanism was significantly influenced by the adsorption of humic acid onto the membrane surface at the initial stage (first 2 h). This organic layer traps inorganic particles and organic substances, and accelerates the fouling formation on the membrane surface, thereby leading to a greater flux decline compared to the SS experiment. </P>
Anıl Celebi,Sarp Erturk,Hyuk Jae Lee 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7
This paper presents an architecture design for low complexity motion estimation (ME) approaches. The bit-plane based modular structure of the proposed architecture is easily reconfigurable according to the ME method to be used. The comparatively high memory size required in previously proposed architectures is reduced by utilizing a 2D processing element (PE) architecture instead of a 1D systolic array architecture. The proposed architecture can reduce the memory size by up to 90% compared to low complexity ME hardware architectures proposed in the literature. Furthermore, the utilized memory architecture may reduce on chip memory bandwidth by about 85% compared to available low complexity ME hardware architectures by simply increasing the size of the utilized register array.