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Saravanakumar Sundararajan,Isaivani Jayachandran,Gautam Kumar Pandey,Saravanakumar Venkatesan,Anusha Rajagopal,Kuppan Gokulakrishnan,Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam,Viswanathan Mohan,Nagaraj Manickam 한국지질동맥경화학회 2023 지질·동맥경화학회지 Vol.12 No.3
Objective: In previous research, we found that Sestrin2 has a strong association with plasma atherogenicity and combats the progression of atherogenesis by regulating the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Metformin, an activator of AMPK, is widely used as a first-line therapy for diabetes, but its role in preventing atherosclerosis and cardiac outcomes is unclear. Hence, we aimed to assess the effect of metformin on preventing atherosclerosis and its regulatory role in the Sestrin2-AMPK -mTOR pathway in obese/diabetic rats. Methods: Animals were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity, administered streptozotocin to induce diabetes, and then treated with metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) for 14 weeks. Aorta and heart tissues were analyzed for Sestrin2 status by western blotting and immunohistochemistry, AMPK and mTOR activities were investigated using western blotting, and atherogenicity-related events were evaluated using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histology. Results: Obese and diabetic rats showed significant decrease in Sestrin2 levels and AMPK activity, accompanied by increased mTOR activity in the heart and aorta tissues. Metformin treatment significantly restored Sestrin2 and AMPK levels, reduced mTOR activity, and restored the altered expression of inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules in obese and diabetic rats to normal levels. A histological analysis of samples from obese and diabetic rats showed atherosclerotic lesions both in aorta and heart tissues. The metformin-treated rats showed a decrease in atherosclerotic lesions, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiomyocyte degeneration. Conclusion: This study presents further insights into the beneficial effects of metformin and its protective role against atherosclerosis through regulation of the Sestrin2-AMPK-mTOR pathway.
Saravanakumar Arthanari,Ponnusamy Renukadevi,Vanitha Saravanakumar 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4
The utility of both in vitro and in vivo methods to assess the release pattern of alginate, HPMC (TTAL) composite microspheres containing stabilized tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine were evaluated. TT was stabilized with different concentrations of stabilizer, lactose (1–5%, w/v) and encapsulated into alginate, HPMC composite microspheres by W/O/W multiple emulsion method. The morphology of the prepared microspheres was smooth and spherical in shape with a diameter of around 10 mm. The in vitro release efficiency of microspheres was evaluated for the period of 70 days. In TTAL microspheres, 4% (w/v) lactose gave good sustained antigen delivery for the period of 70 days. Antigen releases from microspheres were determined by ELISA. Based on the results of in vitro release, the ideal batch of TTAL was used to carry out the in vivo studies by antibody induction method using alum adsorbed tetanus toxoid (CRIT) as standard. The antibody level was measured for about of 9 months and finally with one booster dose after 12 months. In this case, TTAL antibody level was rose up to 3 IU/ml of guinea pig serum and 2.5 IU/ml of guinea pig serum was observed in CRIT after 1 year with second booster dose. This novel approach would be helpful to replace the existing adjuvant alum in future.
Durability characteristics of recycled aggregate concrete
Saravanakumar, Palaniraj,Dhinakaran, Govindasamy Techno-Press 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.47 No.5
People started to replace natural aggregate with recycled aggregate for a number of years due to disposal problem and certain other potential benefits. Though there are number of drawbacks with use of recycled aggregates like lesser modulus of elasticity, low compressive strength, increase in shrinkage, there are results of earlier studies that use of chemical and mineral admixtures improves the strength and durability of recycled concrete. The use of recycled aggregate from construction and demolition wastes is showing prospective application in construction as alternative to natural aggregates. It conserves lot of natural resources and reduces the space required for the landfill disposal. In the present research work, the effect of recycled aggregate on strength and durability aspects of concrete is studied. Grade of concrete chosen for the present work is M50 (with a characteristic compressive strength of 50 MPa). The recycled aggregates were collected from demolished structure with 20 years of age. Natural Aggregate (NA) was replaced with Recycled Aggregate (RA) in different percentages such as 25, 50 and 100 to understand its effect. The experiments were conducted for different ages of concrete such as 7, 14, 28, 56 days to assess the compressive and tensile strength. Durability characteristics of recycled aggregate concrete were studied with Rapid chloride penetration test (as per ASTMC1202), sorptivity test and acid test to assess resistance against chloride ion penetration, capillary suction and chemical attack respectively. Mix design for 50 MPa gives around 35 MPa after replacing natural aggregate with recycled aggregate in concrete mix and the chloride penetration range also lies in moderate limit. Hence it is understood from the results that replacement of NA with RA is very much possible and will be ecofriendly.
Saravanakumar, K.,Baskaran, R.,Kubendran, T.R. Korean Chemical Society 2012 대한화학회지 Vol.56 No.4
Densities, viscosities, refractive indices and speed of sounds of the binary mixtures of Acetophenone with Ethylchloroacetate were measured over the entire mole fractions at (303.15, 313.15 and 323.15) K. From these experimental results, excess molar volume $V^E$, viscosity deviation ${\Delta}{\eta}$, refractive index deviation ${\Delta}n_D$, deviations in speed of sound ${\Delta}u$, deviations in isentropic compressibility ${\Delta}k_s$ and excess intermolecular free length ${\Delta}L_f$ were calculated. The viscosity data have been correlated with the equations of Grunberg and Nissan, Hind et al., Tamura and Kurata, Katti and Chaudri, Sedgwick, Krishnan-Laddha and McAllister. The thermo physical properties under study were fit to the Jouyban-Acree model. The excess values were correlated using Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to obtain their coefficients and standard deviations. It was found that in all cases, the data obtained fitted with the values correlated by the corresponding models very well. The results are interpreted in terms of molecular interactions occurring in the solution.
Saravanakumar, Kandasamy,Wang, Myeong-Hyeon Elsevier 2018 Microbial pathogenesis Vol.114 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Antibacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are synthesized from various biological resources, but studies on <I>Trichoderma-</I>based synthesis are limited. Hence, the current work synthesized antibacterial silver nanoparticles using <I>Trichoderma atroviride</I> and also tested for their biomedical properties. AgNPs synthesis was confirmed by the occurrence of plasmon resonance at 390–400 nm in the UV-vis spectrum. FTIR spectrum displayed the bands at 1115.4 and 3450 cm<SUP>−1</SUP> indicating the vibrations of the metallic oxides. Transmission electron microscopic and EDX analysis confirmed a high percentage signal of anisotropic structural AgNPs with the size of 15–25 nm. The AgNPs exhibited high antibacterial activity and DPPH scavenging activity in a dosedependent manner. The cytotoxicity assay \\\\ indicated that the AgNPs triggered the cancer cell death at the inhibitory concentration of IC<SUB>50</SUB> 16.5 μg/ml. Current work reported for the first time <I>Trichoderma atroviride</I> based synthesis of anisotropic structural AgNPs with the relatively small size of 15–25 nm with remarkable anti-bacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities, and this deserves future investigations for biomedical applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Report the synthesis of anti-pathogenic Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by <I>Trichoderma atroviride</I>. </LI> <LI> AgNPs exhibited antibacterial and antioxidant activity and triggered the cancer cell death. </LI> <LI> The reported AgNPs deserves future investigations for biomedical applications. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>