동시대 칠레의 두 청소년 소설, 『알라메다의 남쪽: 점거 일기』(Al sur de la Alameda: Diario de una toma)와 『검은 눈』(Nieve Negra)에서 근대성의 충돌

루스산타마리아 ( Luz Santa Maria ),정현주 방정환연구소 2020 방정환연구 Vol.4 No.-

이 논문은 청소년을 위한 동시대 칠레의 두 소설을 검토하고 그 안에 포함된 근대성의 개념을 논의한다. 먼저 이 글은 두 텍스트를 유사점과 차이점의 관점에서 설명하고 나서 개인의 위기에 대한 스튜어트홀(Stuart Hall)의 개념을 고찰한다. 이를 통해 현재 칠레에서 쓰여지고 출판된 청소년 서사에서 청소년기의 표현이 어떻게 국가의 역사와 문화적 독자성의 주제와 맞물리는지를 보여주고자 한다. 국가 정치와 인권(예: 교육)과 칠레의 식민지 역사와 계급 차별 사회가 논의에 오른다. 분석은 이러한 이야기의 중심에 종종 정체성의 위기가 불완전한 근대성의 개념을 야기한다는 것을 보여준다. This article examines two Chilean contemporary novels for young adults and discusses the notion of modernity embedded in them. First, the article describes both texts with regard to their similarities and differences, and then it considers Stuart Hall’s notion about the crisis of the individual. By doing this, I intend to show how representations of adolescence in young adult narratives written and published currently in Chile mesh with the topics of national history and cultural identity. National politics and human rights (to education, for instance) and Chile’s history of colonialism and a classdifferentiated society are brought up for discussion. The analysis shows that a crisis of identity often at the heart of these narratives gives rise to an incomplete notion of modernity.

White Light Emitting Magnetic ZnO:Sm Nanoparticles Prepared by Inclusive Co-Precipitation Synthesis

Santa Chawla,Monica Saroha,R.K. Kotnala 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.1

Inclusion of rare earth Samarium as dopant in nanoparticles of ZnO has been achieved by co-precipitation in highly alkaline medium near room temperature. Substitutional doping of Sm in Zn position in the ZnO lattice could be inferred through change in lattice parameters in response to Sm doping concentration. Dopant Sm enhances broad visible emission of ZnO thus making it a bright white light emitter under UV (300 - 380 nm) excitation. Observation of room temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism with optimal Sm doping in ZnO:Sm suggests unpaired spin in Sm3+ at zinc substitutional sites could create spin ordering and long range ferromagnetic coupling. Such white light emitting magnetic nanoparticles of ZnO:Sm can have immense potential as LED phosphor and spin LED semiconductor.

MEXICO'S CHANGING ELECTORAL ORDER, 1977-1996: ITS MEANING FOR STATE-SOCIETY RELATIONS

SANTA CRUZ, ARTURO GRADUATE INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AND AREA STUD 1998 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.5 No.1

By looking at the changes in the electoral legislation, the author analyzes state-society relations in Mexico in the last twenty years. The article is divided in four sections. The first one is a theoretical discussion of the main concepts used in the analysis. In the second the author advances a characterization of Mexico's political regime. The third section deals with the changes made to the electoral legislation from 1977. In the concluding remarks, the author elaborates the potential consequences these process may have on Mexico's state-society relations.

DOMESTIC POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONS: NAFTA's TWO-LEVEL GAMES

SANTA CRUZ, ARTURO GRADUATE INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AND AREA STUD 1997 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.4 No.1

This article applies the “Two-Level Games” model to the Mexico-United States negotiations on NAFTA. It demonstrates that the traditional dichotomy between domestic politics and international relations is not useful to explain international negotiations. The first part presents the overall, general evolution of the negotiations. The second and third parts review in more detail the agricultural and banking chapters of the negotiations, respectively. It concludes that the Mexican political regime was a handicap in NAFTA's negotiations.

Environmental Damages in the Atlantic Forest Biome

Michele Santa Catarina Brodt,Melissa Bergmann,Eli Natáli Broman,Gabriela Sanfelice,Juliana Duarte Ferreira,Larissa Lunardi,Alexandre Hüller,Lenice De Carli 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2018 Journal of Forest Science Vol.34 No.2

We identified the main impacts, drivers, and restoration projects for Atlantic Forest in Northwest of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The objective was to analyze the quantity, distribution, and causes of the environmental crimes in 2000-2014. To verify differences between degraded and restored areas, we performed a t-test; ANOVA for the municipalities with more quantity of crimes, simple linear regression analysis for the relationship between sizes of degraded areas and quantity of seedlings planted, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for environmental damages categories and population of the municipalities. The main environmental damages found were deforestation outside permanent preservation area (20%) and those related to Permanent Preservation Area (37%). Environmental crimes in these areas fall into two categories: native and exotic vegetation removal (17%), and impediment to natural regeneration (20%). The average size of the degraded areas was 5,359±526 m2, while for restored areas was 3,337±255 m2. The sizes of the degraded fragments were similar among the five municipalities with the higher number of environmental crimes (ANOVA: p>0.05, F=1.24; df=241). The number of seedlings planted was positively related to the sizes of the degraded fragments (p<0.001, R2=0.53). Segregation between the less and the most populous municipalities was found with the PCA analysis along PC1 (51.7%), while PC2 represented 19.2% of the total variation. The most populous municipalities showed the highest number of environmental crimes, and the majority of degraded areas were recovered by planting native seedlings. Atlantic Forest fragments need to be recognized and preserved as an ecosystem with a unique ecological function by the population and public administration.

MEXICO’S CHANGING ELECTORAL ORDER, 1977-1996 - ITS MEANING FOR STATE-SOCIETY RELATIONS

ARTURO SANTA CRUZ 서울대학교 국제학연구소 1998 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.5 No.1

  By looking at the changes in the electoral legislation, the author analyzes state-society relations in Mexico in the last twenty years. The article is divided in four sections. The first one is a theoretical discussion of the main concepts used in the analysis. In the second the author advances a characterization of Mexico’s political regime. The third section deals with the changes made to the electoral legislation from 1977 to 1996. In the concluding remarks, the author elaborates the potential consequences these process may have on Mexico’s state-society relations.

Automated Ultrasound-based Inspection of Rails: Review

Suvi Santa-aho,Antti Nurmikolu,Minnamari Vippola 한국철도학회 2017 International Journal of Railway Vol.10 No.2

The main aim of the report is to review recent progress in the utilisation of ultrasound-based automated inspection systems for rails of railway tracks and to provide a basis for further research in the field of railway track inspection. This paper reviews the ultrasound technologies currently employed in the automated inspection of railway tracks, along with examples of recent field applications. The main research areas that this review focuses on are firstly, the utilisation of ultrasound inspection for rail tracks; secondly, the different automated ultrasound techniques, and, finally, the special features of the ultrasound inspection of railway tracks. In addition, there is a review of the most recent ultrasound-based systems, and future techniques that have not yet been automated or used in routine inspection.

DOMESTIC POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONS - NAFTA’s TWO-LEVEL GAMES

ARTURO SANTA CRUZ 서울대학교 국제학연구소 1997 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.4 No.1

This article applies the “Two-Level Games” model to the Mexico-United States negotiations on NAFTA. It demonstrates that the traditional dichotomy between domestic politics and international relations is not useful to explain international negotiations. The first part presents the overall, general evolution of the negotiations. The second and third parts review in more detail the agricultural and banking chapters of the negotiations, respectively. It concludes that the Mexican political regime was a handicap in NAFTA’s negotiations.

Environmental Damages in the Atlantic Forest Biome

Brodt, Michele Santa Catarina,Bergmann, Melissa,Broman, Eli Natali,Sanfelice, Gabriela,Ferreira, Juliana Duarte,Lunardi, Larissa,Huller, Alexandre,Carli, Lenice De Institute of Forest Science 2018 Journal of Forest Science Vol.34 No.2

We identified the main impacts, drivers, and restoration projects for Atlantic Forest in Northwest of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The objective was to analyze the quantity, distribution, and causes of the environmental crimes in 2000-2014. To verify differences between degraded and restored areas, we performed a t-test; ANOVA for the municipalities with more quantity of crimes, simple linear regression analysis for the relationship between sizes of degraded areas and quantity of seedlings planted, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for environmental damages categories and population of the municipalities. The main environmental damages found were deforestation outside permanent preservation area (20%) and those related to Permanent Preservation Area (37%). Environmental crimes in these areas fall into two categories: native and exotic vegetation removal (17%), and impediment to natural regeneration (20%). The average size of the degraded areas was $5,359{\pm}526m^2$, while for restored areas was $3,337{\pm}255m^2$. The sizes of the degraded fragments were similar among the five municipalities with the higher number of environmental crimes (ANOVA: p>0.05, F=1.24; df=241). The number of seedlings planted was positively related to the sizes of the degraded fragments (p<0.001, $R^2=0.53$). Segregation between the less and the most populous municipalities was found with the PCA analysis along PC1 (51.7%), while PC2 represented 19.2% of the total variation. The most populous municipalities showed the highest number of environmental crimes, and the majority of degraded areas were recovered by planting native seedlings. Atlantic Forest fragments need to be recognized and preserved as an ecosystem with a unique ecological function by the population and public administration.

Effect of temporary weaning and creep feeding on calf growth and the reproductive efficiency of their Hereford dams

Cruz R. Santa,Barbieri I. De,Olmos V. Morales,Montossi F.,Viñoles C. 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.10

Objective: The objective was to test if creep feeding (CF) improves the average daily gain (ADG) and weaning weight of calves submitted to temporary weaning (TW) and if the combination of CF and TW improves conception and pregnancy rates of cows. Methods: Primiparous (n = 74) and primiparous and multiparous (n = 104) cows grazing native grasslands were used in experiment 1 and 2; respectively. The experimental design was in plots divided into complete random blocks with two replications. The CF was the big plot and TW the small plot, thus four experimental groups were formed: i) –CF–TW (n = 21 and 27); ii) –CF+TW (n = 16 and 24); iii) +CF–TW (n = 20 and 26); iv) +CF+TW (n = 17 and 27) with cow-calf pairs for experiments 1 and 2; respectively. Nose plate application for TW had a duration of 14 and 15 days for experiment 1 and 2: respectively. In experiment 1, calves were fed at 1% of live weight for 112 days using a commercial supplement with 18.4% crude protein. In experiment 2, the supplementation lasted 98 days, and was carried out with corn dried distillers grains with soluble (DDGS) at 40% of the potential intake on a daily basis. Results: The TW reduced ADG during the TW period and the following 14 days, but the negative effect of TW was maintained until the final weaning only in experiment 2. The CF increased ADG during TW period in both experiments. The TW promoted an earlier conception of the dams (12 days in –CF treatment and 19 days in +CF treatment, p<0.01) and CF increased pregnancy rate in experiment 1, being the effects not consistent between experiments. Conclusion: The CF consistently promoted an increase in ADG during the period of TW and increased final weaning weight of calves, therefore it is economically viable. Objective: The objective was to test if creep feeding (CF) improves the average daily gain (ADG) and weaning weight of calves submitted to temporary weaning (TW) and if the combination of CF and TW improves conception and pregnancy rates of cows.Methods: Primiparous (n = 74) and primiparous and multiparous (n = 104) cows grazing native grasslands were used in experiment 1 and 2; respectively. The experimental design was in plots divided into complete random blocks with two replications. The CF was the big plot and TW the small plot, thus four experimental groups were formed: i) –CF–TW (n = 21 and 27); ii) –CF+TW (n = 16 and 24); iii) +CF–TW (n = 20 and 26); iv) +CF+TW (n = 17 and 27) with cow-calf pairs for experiments 1 and 2; respectively. Nose plate application for TW had a duration of 14 and 15 days for experiment 1 and 2: respectively. In experiment 1, calves were fed at 1% of live weight for 112 days using a commercial supplement with 18.4% crude protein. In experiment 2, the supplementation lasted 98 days, and was carried out with corn dried distillers grains with soluble (DDGS) at 40% of the potential intake on a daily basis.Results: The TW reduced ADG during the TW period and the following 14 days, but the negative effect of TW was maintained until the final weaning only in experiment 2. The CF increased ADG during TW period in both experiments. The TW promoted an earlier conception of the dams (12 days in –CF treatment and 19 days in +CF treatment, p<0.01) and CF increased pregnancy rate in experiment 1, being the effects not consistent between experiments.Conclusion: The CF consistently promoted an increase in ADG during the period of TW and increased final weaning weight of calves, therefore it is economically viable.