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유상희(Yu, SangHee),김옥성(Kim, Ok-sung) 문학과환경학회 2021 문학과 환경 Vol.20 No.3
그동안 김달진에 관한 연구는 주로 제한적인 부분에서 논의가 이루어졌으며 현실인식과는 무관한 것으로 간주되어 왔다. 그의 전기적 행적에서도 확인할 수 있듯이 김달진의 작품세계, 특히 초기 작품에서 현실인식은 두드러지게 발견된다. 김달진 시에서 나타난 현실인식은 전통사회의 몰락과 근대로의 이행이라는 시대적 상황과 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있다. 근대가 들어서면서 자연은 일상에서 분리되어 박제된 상태로 존재하였다. 김달진은 이런 현실을 “낡은 벽화속의 사슴”, “박제된 어린 비둘기”, ‘유리 항아리에 갇힌 금붕어’ 등으로 형상화하였다. 박제된 자연은 근대 문명에 감금된 근대인의 모습이기도 하다. ‘항아리에 갇힌 금붕어’는 차가운 빌딩에 수감된 근대인의 은유이다. 식민지 도시 경성은 소비의 욕망을 작동시키는 스펙터클한 공간이었다. 김달진은 이러한 소비의 욕망에 주목하였다. 김달진은 사람들이 근대라는 ‘환영’에 빠져 다방에서 값비싼 커피를 마시고 일요일이면 고궁에서 여가를 즐기며 근대를 소비하는 세태를 비판한다. 이들이 소비한 근대는 잡히지 않는 ‘환영’에 불과하다. 그들은 판타스마고리를 경험할 뿐이다. 판타스마고리는 소비주의, 물신주의와 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있다. 표박의식은 일제강점기라는 시대적 상황과 근대에서의 고향 상실과 맞물려 있다. 김달진은 표박의식을 인간의 본능이라고 하며 “냉혹한 현실”로 인해 표박자가 되었다고 한다. 표박의식에서 “고수”는 필연적이다. “고수”는 표박자가 공동체의 일원으로서 본질적 존재로 접근할 수 있도록 한다. 표박자의 시선은 차 밖의 “냉혹한 현실”에 머무른다. “아리욕”과 같은 개인주의와 물질주의가 사회 전역에 퍼져 있었다. So far, the research on Kim Dal-jin has been mainly discussed in limited extent without considering reality recognition. As we can see from his biographical track record, the reality recognition of Kim Dal-jin’s works is found especially in his early works. Kim Dal-jin’s perception of reality is closely related to the situation of the times, such as the fall of traditional society and the transition to modernity. As modern times entered, nature was separated from daily life and existed in a stuffed state. Kim Dal-jin poeticized this reality in the works of “A Deer in an Old Mural,” “A Stuffed Young Pigeon,” and “A Goldfish Trapped in a Glass Jar.” The stuffed nature is also the image of modern people imprisoned in modern civilization. “Goldfish Trapped in a Jar” is a metaphor for modern people in the prison of cold buildings. The colonial city of Gyeongseong was a spectacular place to activate the desire for consumption. Kim Dal-jin pays attention to this desire for consumption. Kim Dal-jin criticizes the generation in which people fell in love with the illusion of modern times, sipping expensive coffee in the cafes, consuming modernity enjoying leisure time while strolling in old palaces on Sunday. However, to them the modernity was nothing but an illusion. They only experienced the Fantasmagorie. The Fantasmagory is closely related to consumerism and physicalism. The nomadism is linked to the situation of the times called Japanese colonial era and the loss of one’s hometown in modern times. Kim Dal-jin says nomadism a human instinctKim and he has become a nomad because of “hard reality.” In the nomadism, “solitude” is inevitable. In the nomadism the solittude allows access to an substantial existence as a member of a community. The gaze of the nomad see “Cold reality” through the window of the car. Individualism and materialism, such as “ariyok,” are spread throughout society.
Global fashion retailers’ responses to external and internal crises during the COVID‑19 pandemic
Sanghee Kim,우홍주 한국의류학회 2021 Fashion and Textiles Vol.8 No.1
During the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, the media reported diferent kinds of issues that global fashion retailers face. They had to unexpectedly dismiss garment workers and employees internally, while they had to perform CSR practices for their sufering communities externally. The purpose of this study is to investigate how global fashion retailers responded to these external and internal crises during the pandemic through a case study. Based on corporate social responsibility (CSR) contribution types and the Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), various secondary sources which are related to three selected global fashion retailers’ (Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo) responses to external and internal crises during the pandemic are analyzed. The fndings indicate that global fashion retailers showed some diferent approaches in their responses to external and internal crises during the pandemic. Externally, all of them practiced CSR by providing monetary and in-kind contributions to the society. However, toward the internal issues related to their factory workers and employees, some of them denied or diminished the problems that had been raised, while all of them attempted to make a deal with the parties who had been afected. The results of this study propose an agenda to discuss global fashion retailers’ responsibilities during the pandemic, as well as to inform fashion retailers of how leading retailers have responded to the crises.
Cyber risk measurement via loss distribution approach and GARCH model
Sanghee Kim,Seongjoo Song 한국통계학회 2023 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.30 No.1
The growing trend of cyber risk has put forward the importance of cyber risk management. Cyber risk is defined as an accidental or intentional risk related to information and technology assets. Although cyber risk is a subset of operational risk, it is reported to be handled differently from operational risk due to its different features of the loss distribution. In this study, we aim to detect the characteristics of cyber loss and find a suitable model by measuring value at risk (VaR). We use the loss distribution approach (LDA) and the time series model to describe cyber losses of financial and non-financial business sectors, provided in SAS® OpRisk Global Data. Peaks over threshold (POT) method is also incorporated to improve the risk measurement. For the financial sector, the LDA and GARCH model with POT perform better than those without POT, respectively. The same result is obtained for the non-financial sector, although the differences are not significant. We also build a two-dimensional model reflecting the dependence structure between financial and non-financial sectors through a bivariate copula and check the model adequacy through VaR.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Farnesoic Acid Derivatives
KIM, SANGHEE,OH, KI-BONG 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2002 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.12 No.6
The biological activities of famesoic acid derivatives against pathogenic fungi and bacteria were investigated. Famesoic acid and its derivatives showed growth inhibitory activities against various bacteria. Among the compounds tested, geranylgeranoic acid (3) had potent antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus vulgaris, and Bacillus subtilis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 6.25-12.5 ㎍/ml. On the other hand, amide derivatives of famesoic acid showed some antifungal activities. In particular, 3, 7, 11-trimethyl-dodeca-2, 6, 10-trienoic acid amide (5a) had a potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton sp. with MIC in the range of 6.25-25 ㎍/ml.