http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Lee, Dong Yeon,Seo, Sang Gyo,Kim, Eo Jin,Kim, Sung Ju,Lee, Kyoung Min,Farber, Daniel C.,Chung, Chin Youb,Choi, In Ho SAGE Publications 2015 Foot & ankle international Vol.36 No.1
<P>Radiographic examination is a widely used evaluation method in the orthopedic clinic. However, conventional radiography alone does not reflect the dynamic changes between foot and ankle segments during gait. Multiple 3-dimensional multisegment foot models (3D MFMs) have been introduced to evaluate intersegmental motion of the foot. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between static radiographic indices and intersegmental foot motion indices.</P>
Inertial Dynamic Effect on the Rates of Diffusion-Controlled Ligand-Receptor Reactions
Lee, Woo-Jin,Kim, Ji-Hyun,Lee, Sang-Youb Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.suppl8
It has been known that the inertial dynamics has a little effect on the reaction rate in solutions. In this work, however, we find that for diffusion-controlled reactions between a ligand and a receptor on the cell surface there is a noticeable inertial dynamic effect on the reaction rate. We estimate the magnitude of the inertial dynamic effect by comparing the approximate analytic results obtained with and without the inertial dynamic effect included. The magnitude of the inertial dynamic effect depends on the friction coefficient of the ligand as well as on the relative scale of the receptor size to the distance traveled by the ligand during its velocity relaxation time.
Lee, Jin-Uk,Lee, Woo-Jin,Park, Hwang-Seo,Lee, Sang-Youb Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.3
Based on the recently derived general expression for the rates of diffusion-controlled reactions, we calculate the rates of dismutation of the superoxide anion radical catalyzed by Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases (SOD). This is the first attempt to calculate the absolute rates of diffusion-controlled enzyme reactions based on the atomiclevel molecular dynamics simulations. All solvent molecules are included explicitly and the effects of the structural flexibility of enzyme, especially those of side chain motions near the active site, are included in the present calculation. In addition, the actual mobility of the substrate molecule is taken into account, which may change as the molecule approaches the active site of enzyme from the bulk solution. The absolute value of the rate constant for the wild type SOD reaction obtained from MD simulation is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental value. The calculated reactivity of a mutant SOD is also in agreement with the experimental result.
Lee, Jin-uk,Uhm, Je-sik,Lee, Woo-Jin,Lee, Sang-youb,Sung, Jae-young Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.2
In the reaction A + B $^\rightarrow_\leftarrow$ C, where A and B are ionic reactants having opposite charges, a B molecule approaching an A will experience a switching of the interaction potential when the A molecule is captured by one of the other B molecules in the medium. In the reversible case, the former B molecule still has a chance to react with the A, so that one needs to take into account the switched interaction between the reactant B and the product C as well as that between the reactants to treat the kinetics accurately. It is shown that this kind of interaction potential switching affects the relaxation kinetics in an intriguing way as observed in a recent experiment on an excited-state proton transfer reaction.
Synthesis and Photo-Alignment Properties of Novel Polymer with Terephthalaldehyde
Lee, Sang Wook,Lim, Jin Youb,Park, Sang Yong,kim, Hyun Kyung,Shin, Dong Myung American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.8
<P>To improve irradiation time and the effectiveness photo-alignment, dual decomposition mechanisms including photo and thermal were investigated. For more aggressive photo-decomposition of the polymer, the photoreactions employing triplet mechanism and the double fragmentation reactions were carried out. The polymer was synthesized from terephthalaldehyde followed by the condensation reaction with 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic anhydride. The reactive part of the polymer(1) was oxime ester, which is labile to photo-irradiation and high temperature. The polymer(1) was mixed with photo-inert polyimide with various ratio. The polymer synthesis was analyzed using the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and GPC, H-1-NMR spectra and etc. We obtained the polar dichroic ratios and evaluated alignment characteristics of liquid crystal employing polymer(1) as a photo-reactive moiety.</P>
Lee, Hae-Ahm,Lee, Dong-Youb,Cho, Hyun-Min,Kim, Sang-Yeob,Iwasaki, Yasumasa,Kim, In Kyeom American Heart Association, Inc. 2013 Circulation research Vol.112 No.7
<P><B><U>Rationale:</U></B></P><P>Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) results in attenuated development of hypertension in deoxycorticosterone acetate–induced hypertensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, the molecular mechanism remains elusive.</P><P><B><U>Objective:</U></B></P><P>We hypothesized that HDAC inhibition attenuates transcriptional activity of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) through its acetylation and prevents development of hypertension in deoxycorticosterone acetate–induced hypertensive rats.</P><P><B><U>Methods and Results:</U></B></P><P>Expression of MR target genes was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Recruitment of MR and RNA polymerase II on promoters of target genes was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Live cell imaging was performed for visualization of nuclear translocation of MR. MR acetylation was determined by Western blot with anti-acetyl-lysine antibody after immunoprecipitation with anti-MR antibody. Transcriptional activity of MR was determined by luciferase assay. For establishment of a hyperaldosteronism animal, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent uninephrectomy and received subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg per week of deoxycorticosterone acetate and drinking water containing 1% NaCl. Treatment with a HDAC class I inhibitor resulted in reduced expression of MR target genes in accordance with reduced recruitment of MR and RNA polymerase II on promoters of target genes. HDAC inhibition promoted MR acetylation, leading to decreased transcriptional activity of MR. Knockdown or inhibition of HDAC3 resulted in reduced expression of MR target genes induced by mineralocorticoids.</P><P><B><U>Conclusions:</U></B></P><P>These results indicate that HDAC inhibition attenuates transcriptional activity of MR through its acetylation and prevents development of hypertension in deoxycorticosterone acetate–induced hypertensive rats.</P>
Lee, Sung-Youb,Kim, Yu-Mi,Li, Endan,Park, Seung-Joon The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.1
Glutamate excitotoxicity is emerging as a contributor to degeneration of spinal cord motoneurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, we have reported that ghrelin protects motoneurons against chronic glutamate excitotoxicity through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-$3{\beta}$ pathways. Previous studies suggest that activated microglia actively participate in the pathogenesis of ALS motoneuron degeneration. However, it is still unknown whether ghrelin exerts its protective effect on motoneurons via inhibition of microglial activation. In this study, we investigate organotypic spinal cord cultures (OSCCs) exposed to threohydroxyaspartate (THA), as a model of excitotoxic motoneuron degeneration, to determine if ghrelin prevents microglial activation. Exposure of OSCCs to THA for 3 weeks produced typical motoneuron death, and treatment of ghrelin significantly attenuated THA-induced motoneuron loss, as previously reported. Ghrelin prevented THA-induced microglial activation in the spinal cord and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin-$1{\beta}$. Our data indicate that ghrelin may act as a survival factor for motoneurons by functioning as a microglia-deactivating factor and suggest that ghrelin may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of ALS and other neurodegenerative disorders where inflammatory responses play a critical role.
What Are the Risk Factors Associated with Urinary Retention after Orthopaedic Surgery?
Sung, Ki Hyuk,Lee, Kyoung Min,Chung, Chin Youb,Kwon, Soon-Sun,Lee, Seung Yeol,Ban, Yoon Seong,Park, Moon Seok Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 BioMed research international Vol.2015 No.-
<P>This study investigates the overall rate of urinary retention in a large cohort of unselected orthopaedic patients who had either general or regional anesthesia and defines the risk factors for postoperative urinary retention in that cohort of patients. A total of 15,681 patients who underwent major orthopaedic surgery with general or spinal/epidural anesthesia were included. Postoperative urinary retention was defined as any patient who required a postoperative consultation to the urologic department regarding voiding difficulty. Age at surgery, sex, type of surgery, medical history including hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and type of anesthesia were analyzed as potential predictor variables. There were 365 postoperative patients who required urology consults for urinary retention (2.3%). Older age at surgery (OR, 1.035; <I>P</I> < 0.0001), male sex (OR, 1.522; <I>P</I> = 0.0004), type of surgery (OR, 1.506; <I>P</I> = 0.0009), history of hypertension (OR, 1.288; <I>P</I> = 0.0436), and history of diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.038; <I>P</I> < 0.0001) were risk factors for urinary retention after orthopaedic surgery. Advanced age, male sex, joint replacement surgery, history of hypertension, and diabetes mellitus significantly increased the risk of urinary retention. In patients with these risk factors, careful postoperative urological management should be performed.</P>