http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3
Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)
Kim, Bosung,Cho, Young-Jun,Bhoi, Biswanath,Park, Seung-Young,Kim, Sang-Koog Elsevier 2018 Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials Vol.465 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Gilbert damping in nonmagnetic metal (NM)/permalloy (Py)/nonmagnetic metal (NM) trilayers was studied using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements for different constituent materials (NM = Pt, Ta, Cu, and Ti) of varying Py thickness (<I>t</I> = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 nm) fabricated using an ultrahigh vacuum sputtering system. We found that the Gilbert damping constant increases with decreasing Py thickness and varies for different constituents of nonmagnetic metals. For NM = Pt, the damping constant of Py increases with decreasing Py thickness more remarkably than for other nonmagnetic metals. According to quantitative estimations of the effective spin-mixing conductance G eff mix , it was found that the value of G eff mix = 1.17 × 10<SUP>15</SUP> Ω<SUP>−1</SUP>·m<SUP>−2</SUP> for Pt is one order of magnitude greater than G eff mix = 0.13 × 10<SUP>15</SUP> Ω<SUP>−1</SUP>·m<SUP>−2</SUP> for Cu and 0.11 × 10<SUP>15</SUP> Ω<SUP>−1</SUP>·m<SUP>−2</SUP> for Ti. The large G eff mix value for Pt/Py/Pt is known to be caused by the strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of Pt. The effective spin-mixing conductance for Pt is 3 times greater than that (0.27 × 10<SUP>15</SUP> Ω<SUP>−1</SUP>·m<SUP>−2</SUP>) for Ta despite the SOC of both Pt and Ta is similar in magnitude. This work allows not only for an understanding of the interface effect of the Gilbert damping constant on NM/Py/NM trilayers but also for optimal design of low-power-consumption spintronic devices that are composed of a variety of hetero-interfaces between the different magnetic and nonmagnetic layers.</P>