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Sang-Guei Lee,Chang Woo Ji,Ki Hong Yum,Tae-Soo Chon,Siwoo Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10
The EAG (Electroantennogram) has been used to find out chemical substance effective to insect. We tried to use EAG recording for catching of responsible acoustic signals to Lirimyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromizidae). In fly auditory organ known as Johnston's organ located on antenna. Pure tone sounds (sine wave) and courtship songs of several kinds of species were broadcasted to excised head of the fly. Significant EAG signals were detected when released the 20 Hz pure tone sound and long pulse train patterns, which were courtship songs of Cryptonevra inquilina and Lipara japonica (Chloropidae). For conformation of it's effectiveness, we further analyzed movement behavior with the signal got from the EAG recording. Information entropy could represent the specimens activities of movement tracks. The entropy with sound was relatively lower than without sound. The combination of EAG responding and behavioral observation would be useful to analyze the response of insect pest against acoustic signals and develop acoustic pest managing tool in agriculture.
Lee, Sang-Guei,Hwang, Chang-Yeon,Han, Man-Jong,Yoo, Jai-Ki,Lee, Hoi-Seon Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2000 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.3 No.2
In vitro metabolism study was conducted to observe the role of enzymes and its kind responsible for tolerance in metabolism of flupyrazofos to Diamond backmoth (DBM) , Plutella xylostella as a susceptible insect and Beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua as a tolerance insect. The results indicated that there were some differences between the DBM ($LD_{50}$ 0.54 ppm) and BAW ($LD_{50}$ > 2,000 ppm). In the microsomal fractions, the 4th instar BAW larvae metabolized almost the same amount (about 38%) of flupyrazofos with or without NADPH, but it increased the amount of flupyrazol in the 3rd instar larvae of DBM. Flupyrazofos-oxon was slightly increased with the addition of NAUPH in both species. With the addition of piperonyl butoxide (PB) or Iprobenfos (IBP), the amount of flupyrazol was decreased to one third of flupyrazol produced by NADPH in BAW and one fourth of flupyrazol produced by NADPH in DBM. Some effects of inhibitors, PB and IBP, and co-factor, NADPH, ware showed when flupyrazofos was metabolized with or without them. This means that esterase and oxidase are responsible for the tolerance mechanism of flupyrazofos in DBM and BAW.
Lee, Sang-Guei,Stephanie A. Hilton,A. Bruce Broadbent,Kim, Jeong-Hwan Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2002 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.5 No.1
Several methods were investigated to identify insecticide resistance in commercially available Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and Amblyseius cucumeris Oudemans from 3 different companies supplying this product to growers in Canada. cypermethrin (cymbush) was the most toxic to the mites of the insecticides tested. Imidacloprid (Admire) was the least harmful of the 5 insecticides/acaricides tested. Relative toxicity was measured in the slide dip tests wherein 5 insecticides were tested against all three commercial strains of both species of mites. The greatest relative toxicity was seen with mites from company B: comparing the LC$_{50}$'s cypermethrin was 2429 times more toxic to P. persimilis than was imidacloprid, and >4000 times more toxic to A. cucumeris than was imidacloprid. The leaf dip method tested residual toxicity of residues remaining on the leaf disks while the potter spray tower method combined both direct contact and residual toxicity, which is reflected by intermediate toxicities between those of the leaf dip and slide dip results. Of the three commercial strains of both species of mites, those mites from company B were the most tolerant to imidacloprid and dicofol (Ketlhane) compared to company A and company C. In the slide dip test with P. persimilis, mites from company B are 4.7 and 5.7 times more tolerant to imidacloprid than comapnay C and company A mites, respectively. As well, in the slide dip test with P. persimilis, mites from company B are 5.3 times more tolerant to imidacloprid than company C mites. On the other hand, mites from company B appeared to be the most susceptible to cypermethrin, but it was a small difference. There was little difference between the commercial strains in their response to pyridaben and thiamethoxam (actara). Of the two mite species tested, P. persimilis was more susceptible to the insecticides tested by slide dip than A. cucumeris in most cases or not significantly different. In leaf dip tests with dicofol and pyridaben against both species, the result appeared to be the opposite, that is, A. cucumeris was more susceptible, particularly to dicofol In conclusion, we have identified that imidacloprid is a preferable candidate for use in an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program because of its low toxicity to predatory mites when imidacloprid is being used against other pests. Dicofol and pyridaben are acaricides that should be considered as products for selection of resistance in mites.s.
Lee, Yeon-Hee,Lee, Sang-Guei,Park, Beom-Seok,Lee, Young-Su,Jin, Yong-Moon,Kim, Ho-il,Suh, Seok-Cheol The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2004 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.6 No.3
Cabbage plants were transformed with the potato proteinase inhibitor II (PINII) gene, bar gene, and hpt gene using Agrobacterium. The expression of the PINII gene was driven by its own promoter which was wound-inducible. Ten transgenic plants were obtained from medium containing hygromycin as a selection antibiotic. The integration and expression of PINII and bar genes were confirmed by Southern and Northern hybridization. Growth and development of diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella) and tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura) larvae were examined on $T_1$ plants. The weight of the larvae and pupae of these two insects grown on transgenic plants was not different compared to those grown on wild type plants. However, the pupation and emergence rate of diamondback moths and tobacco cutworms fed on some transgenic plants was lower than on wild type plants. These results suggest that the PINII transgene under the control of a wound-induced promoter may be used for control of insects in transgenic cabbage through reduction of insect progeny number.
Lee, Sang-Guei,J. Les Shipp,K. Wang Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2001 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.4 No.2
To evaluate the pesticide resistance of two commercial strains of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias Henriot (Koppert, Strain A; Applied Bio-Nomics, strain B) and two strains of Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) (resistant and susceptible), residual toxicity trials were conducted on greenhouse cucumber crops that were sprayed with two pesticides (pyridabern and dicofol), respectively. Strain A had significantly higher mortalities than strain B when exposed to foliage residues of pyridaben and dicofol. Strain B showed 3-18% higher survivorship than strain A when exposed to 7-to 14-day foliage residues of pyridaben at 213 and 426 ppm. When exposed to 1-and 8-day foliage residues of dicofol at 152 and 303 ppm, strain A exhibited 8-10% higher mortalities as compared to strain B. Residual toxicity of both pesticides to P. persimilis decreased significantly at the lower concentrations and over time under greenhouse conditions. Mortalities of both strains of P. persimilis were reduced by 50% when exposed to the 1-seek residues of both pesticides at the lowest concentrations. With the treatment of dicofol (303 ppm), mortalities for the two strains of P. Persimilis decreased from 53.54-42.68% at 1-day residues to 28.18-21.21% at 8-day residues. At 500 ppm of dicofol, mortalities decreased from 60.09-60.90% at 1-day residue to 35.75-34.14% at 22-day residues. However, with dicofol (1000 ppm), mortalities were as high as 61.73% at 22-day residue. The resistant strain of A. fallacies showed significantly lower mortality, as compared to the susceptible strain, when exposed to 1-and 7-day foliage residue of pyridaben at 213 and 426 ppm concentrations. Mortality of A. fallacis to pyridaben was lower than that of P. persimilis. This suggests that A. fallacis may be more compatible with the application of this pesticide to greenhouse crops than that of P. persimilis. In addition, strain B of P. persimilis may be more advantageous after the application of these pesticides in a greenhouse IPM program than strain A.
Sang-Guei Lee,Kwang-ho Kim,Chang-Geun Yi,Young-Joon Ahn,Jun-Ran Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04
This study was aimed at assessing the fumigant toxicity to adult Thrips palmi and Orius strigicollis of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oil compounds and structurally related compounds using vapour-phase toxicity bioassays. Results were compared with those for dichlorvos. Against adult T. palmi, linalool (LD50, 0.0055 mg cm–3) was the most toxic fumigant and was 15.2–fold more effective than dichlorvos (0.0837 mg cm–3). Strong fumigant toxicity was also observed in pulegone (0.0095 mg cm–3), (±)-camphor (0.0097 mg cm–3) and 1,8-cineole (0.0167 mg cm–3). Moderate toxicity was produced by camphene, 3-carene, (–)-menthone, (+)-α-pinene, (+)-β-pinene, α-terpineol and (–)-α-thujone (0.0215–0.0388 mg cm–3). Against adult O. strigicollis, dichlorvos (LD50, 9.0 ×10–10 mg cm–3) was the most toxic fumigant, whereas the LD50 values of these compounds ranged from 0.0127 to >0.23 mg cm–3. Based upon selective toxicity ratio (STR, O. strigicollis LD50/T. palmi LD50), the compounds described (STR, 0.7–>10.7) are more selective than dichlorvos (STR, 10.8×10–9 mg cm–3). Basil oil compounds described merit further study as potential insecticides for control of T. palmi in greenhouses because of their generally lower toxicity to O. strigicollis and their greater activity as a fumigant than dichlorvos.