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Sandip Bhattacharya,Mohammed Imran Hussain,John Ajayan,Shubham Tayal,Louis Maria Irudaya Leo Joseph,Sreedhar Kollem,Usha Desai,Syed Musthak Ahmed,Ravichander Janapati 한국전자통신연구원 2023 ETRI Journal Vol.45 No.5
In this study, we designed a 6T-SRAM cell using 16-nm CMOS process and analyzed the performance in terms of read-speed latency. The temperaturedependent Cu and multilayered graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR)-based nanointerconnect materials is used throughout the circuit (primarily bit/bit-bars [red lines] and word lines [write lines]). Here, the read speed analysis is performed with four different chip operating temperatures (150K, 250K, 350K, and 450K) using both Cu and graphene nanoribbon (GNR) nano-interconnects with different interconnect lengths (from 10 μm to 100 μm), for reading-0 and reading-1 operations. To execute the reading operation, the CMOS technology, that is, the16-nm PTM-HPC model, and the16-nm interconnect technology, that is, ITRS-13, are used in this application. The complete design is simulated using TSPICE simulation tools (by Mentor Graphics). The read speed latency increases rapidly as interconnect length increases for both Cu and GNR interconnects. However, the Cu interconnect has three to six times more latency than the GNR. In addition, we observe that the reading speed latency for the GNR interconnect is ~10.29 ns for wide temperature variations (150K to 450K), whereas the reading speed latency for the Cu interconnect varies between ~32 ns and 65 ns for the same temperature ranges. The above analysis is useful for the design of next generation, high-speed memories using different nano-interconnect materials.
Khalil Sakeer,Hind Al-Zein,Issa Hassan,Sandip Desai,Ali Nokhodchi 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.11
Nystatin is commonly employed to treat fungal infections in the mouth. It is not absorbed via the stomach and it will therefore not treat fungal infections in any part of the body other than the mouth. Nystatin buccoadhesive tablets release the drug very slowly due to the poor solubility of nystatin in water and also the presence of polymers with mucoadhesive properties. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to improve drug release from buccoadhesive tablets,while retaining adequate mucoadhesive properties. To this end, a solid dispersion of nystatin: lactose (1:3) was prepared and mixed with xanthan. The effects of hydrophilic surfactants such as cremophor RH40 and Tween 80 on drug release and mucoadhesive properties of nystatin tablets were also investigated as were swelling and erosion indices and strength of bioadhesion in vitro to a biological membrane. The interaction between nystatin and lactose in solid dispersion formulation was investigated by XRPD, FT-IR and DSC. The results showed that a solid dispersion formulation and mucoadhesive tablets containing surfactants led to faster drug release than their simple physical mixtures. Drug release was also faster from a solid dispersion compared to tablets containing surfactants. Swelling and erosion results showed that tablets made of a solid dispersion swelled and eroded faster than a physical mixture formulation. The presence of surfactant slightly increased the degree of swelling and erosion of buccoadhesive tablets.