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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Samer Bou Jawde (검색결과 2 건)
- 무료
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- 유료
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The Effect of Mechanical or Electrical Stimulation on Apnea Length in Mice
Samer Bou Jawde,Alexandra Scheuermann,Erzse´bet Bartola´k-Suki,Be´ la Suki 대한의용생체공학회 2018 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.8 No.3
Premature birth is a leading cause of infant mortality which is often attributed to irregular breathing and apnea ofprematurity. A common treatment for apnea is caffeine to stimulate the brain’s respiratory center. However, caffeine’s longterm effect on infant development is not fully comprehended. We hypothesized that noninvasive localized body stimulationregularizes breathing pattern. We investigated the impact of electrical or mechanical stimulation on breathing in mice. After the mice were ventilated for 28 s to induce apnea, mice were taken off the ventilator while receiving mechanical,electrical, or no stimulation in a randomized order. Both stimuli targeted the diaphragm area through a custom-built beltwith vibrating motors or adhesive electrodes. After each apnea cycle, the time to take the first breath (T) was recorded. Theelectrical stimulation given at 4.5, 8.3, 16.7 V (pulse rate = 3 Hz, pulse width = 120 μs) showed no reduction in T. Electrical stimulation at pulse rates of 10 or 20 Hz (16.7 V, pulse width 260 μs) showed a detrimental effect increasing Tby ~7% compared to control values (p = 0.005, p = 0.038 respectively). High and medium intensity mechanical stimulationssignificantly reduced T by 11.74 (p<10-13) and by 17.08% (p<10-8), respectively. Further reducing theamplitude of vibrations did not affect T. When the probe was attached to the ankles, only the high intensity vibrationsresulted in a decrease in T (p<10-13). Mechanical vibrations, applied at various intensities and locations, could be used totreat irregular breathing and apnea in infants. Electrical stimulation at pulse rates of 10 or 20 Hz (16.7 V, pulse width 260 ls) showed a detrimental effect increasing Tby * 7% compared to control values (p = 0.005, p = 0.038 respectively). High and medium intensity mechanical stimulationssignificantly reduced T by 11.74 (p\10-13) and by 17.08% (p\10-8), respectively. Further reducing theamplitude of vibrations did not affect T. When the probe was attached to the ankles, only the high intensity vibrationsresulted in a decrease in T (p\10-13). Mechanical vibrations, applied at various intensities and locations, could be used totreat irregular breathing and apnea in infants. Premature birth is a leading cause of infant mortality which is often attributed to irregular breathing and apnea ofprematurity. A common treatment for apnea is caffeine to stimulate the brain’s respiratory center. However, caffeine’s longterm effect on infant development is not fully comprehended. We hypothesized that noninvasive localized body stimulationregularizes breathing pattern. We investigated the impact of electrical or mechanical stimulation on breathing in mice. After the mice were ventilated for 28 s to induce apnea, mice were taken off the ventilator while receiving mechanical,electrical, or no stimulation in a randomized order. Both stimuli targeted the diaphragm area through a custom-built beltwith vibrating motors or adhesive electrodes. After each apnea cycle, the time to take the first breath (T) was recorded. Theelectrical stimulation given at 4.5, 8.3, 16.7 V (pulse rate = 3 Hz, pulse width = 120 μs) showed no reduction in T. Electrical stimulation at pulse rates of 10 or 20 Hz (16.7 V, pulse width 260 μs) showed a detrimental effect increasing Tby ~7% compared to control values (p = 0.005, p = 0.038 respectively). High and medium intensity mechanical stimulationssignificantly reduced T by 11.74 (p<10-13) and by 17.08% (p<10-8), respectively. Further reducing theamplitude of vibrations did not affect T. When the probe was attached to the ankles, only the high intensity vibrationsresulted in a decrease in T (p<10-13). Mechanical vibrations, applied at various intensities and locations, could be used totreat irregular breathing and apnea in infants.
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Dean Zeldich,Samer Bou Jawde,Jacob Herrmann,Leen Arnaout,Meghan Griffin,Noam Grunfeld,Yu Zhang,Ramaswamy Krishnan,Erzsébet Bartolák-Suki,Béla Suki 대한의용생체공학회 2021 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.11 No.4
Mechanical stimulation has been shown to reduce apnea of prematurity (AOP), a major concern in preterm infants. Previous work suggested that the underlying mechanism is stochastic resonance, amplification of a subthreshold signal by stochastic stimulation. We hypothesized that the mechanism behind the reduction of apnea length may not be a solely stochastic phenomenon, and suggest that a purely deterministic, non-random mechanical stimulation could be equally as effective. Mice and rats were anesthetized, tracheostomized, and mechanically ventilated to halt spontaneous breathing. Two miniature motors controlled by a microcontroller were attached around the abdomen. Ventilation was paused, stimulations were applied, and the time to the rodent’s first spontaneous breath (T) was measured. Six spectrally different signals were compared to one another and the no-stimulation control in mice. The most successful deterministic stimulation (D) at reducing apnea was then compared to a pseudo-random noise (PRN) signal of comparable amplitude and frequency. CO2%, CO2 stabilization time (Ts), O2 saturation (SpO2%), and T were also measured. D significantly reduced T compared to no stimulation for medium and high amplitudes. PRN also reduced T, without a difference between D and PRN. Furthermore, both stimulations significantly reduced Ts with no significant differences between the respective stimulations. However, there was no effect of D or PRN on SpO2%. The lack of differences between D and PRN led to an additional series of experiment comparing the same D to a band-limited white noise (WN) signal in young rats. Both D and WN were shown to significantly reduce T, with D showing statistical superiority in reduction of apnea. We further speculate that both deterministic and stochastic mechanical stimulations induce some form of mechanotransduction which is responsible for their efficacy, and our findings suggest that mechanical stimulation may be effective in treating AOP.
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