Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel seeds and pericarps in relation to their chemical profiles: new approach for multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia

El-Shiekh Riham A.,Elshimy Rana,Mandour Asmaa A.,Kassem Hanaa A. H.,Khaleel Amal E.,Alseekh Saleh,Fernie Alisdair R.,Salem Mohamed A. 한국응용생명화학회 2024 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.67 No.-

Acinetobacter baumannii is without a doubt one of the most problematic bacteria causing hospital-acquired nosocomial infections in today’s healthcare system. To solve the high prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) in A. baumannii, we investigated one of the medicinal plants traditionally used as antibacterial agent; namely Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel. The total methanolic extracts of seeds and pericarps were prepared and their anti-bacterial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was then calculated as compared to tigecycline. Then, an in-vivo murine model was established which confirmed the promising activity of M. koenigii seeds in demonstrating anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory actions. The histopathological study of lungs, scoring of pulmonary lesions, counting of bacterial loads after infection by multi-drug resistant A. baumannii all provided evidence to support these findings. LC–MS/MS profiling coupled to molecular networking and chemometrics detected the presence of carbazole alkaloids, and coumarins as dominate metabolites of the active seed extracts. Positively correlated metabolites to antibacterial potential were 6-(2ʹ,3ʹ-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)- 8-prenylumbelliferone, scopoline, and 5-methoxymurrayatin. An in-silico study was also performed on the crystal structure of MurF from A. baumannii (PDB ID: 4QF5), the studied structures of the mentioned extracts revealed good docking interaction at the active site suggestive of competition with the ATP ligand. These collective findings suggest that extracts of Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel seed is a novel prospective for the discovery of drug candidates against infections caused by MDR A. baumannii.

Solid State Production of Polygalacturonase and Xylanase by Trichoderma Species Using Cantaloupe and Watermelon Rinds

Saleh A. Mohamed,Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki,Jalaluddin A. Khan,Saleh A. Kabli,Saleh M. Al-Garni 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.5

Different solid state fermentation (SSF) sources were tested such as cantaloupe and watermelon rinds, orange and banana peels, for the production of polygalacturonase (PG) and xylanase (Xyl) by Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens. The maximum production of both PG and Xyl were obtained by T. harzianum and T. virnes grown on cantaloupe and watermelon rinds, respectively. Time course, moisture content, temperature, pH, supplementation with carbon and nitrogen sources were optimized to achieve the maximum production of both PG and Xyl of T. harzianum and T. virens using cantaloupe and watermelon rinds, respectively. The maximum production of PG and Xyl of T. harzianum and T. virens was recorded at 4–5 days of incubation, 50–66%moisture, temperature 28–35°C and pH 6–7. The influence of supplementary carbon and nitrogen sources was studied. For T. harzianum, lactose enhanced PG activity from 87 to 120 units/g solid, where starch and maltose enhanced Xyl activity from 40 to 55–60 units/g solid for T. virnes. Among the nitrogen sources, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate,yeast extract and urea increased PG activity from 90to 110–113 units/g solid for T. harzianum. Similarly, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate and yeast extract increased Xyl activity from 45 to 55–70 units/g solid for T. virens.

Pyrolytic preparation of gold nanoparticle-coated taro carbon and its application for the selective detection of dopamine

Ahammad, A. J. Saleh,Hasan, Md. Mahedi,Islam, Tamanna,Al-Shehri, Mohammod Oudah,Anju, Anjuman Nesa,Alam, Md. Kawsar,Kim, Jong-Pil,Qasem, Mohammed Ameen Ahmed,Aziz, Md. Abdul The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.42 No.6

<P>A highly selective and sensitive electrochemical method was developed for the detection of dopamine (DA), based on a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-coated taro carbon (TC)-modified glassy carbon electrode (AuNP-TC/GCE). This novel AuNP-TC material was simply prepared by carrying out a pyrolysis of a composite material obtained by treatment of an acid-treated taro stem powder with HAuCl4. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the AuNP-TC material. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the modified electrode. The modified GCE exhibited a well-defined current response only toward the electrochemical oxidation of DA in a mixture solution of ascorbic acid (AA), DA, and uric acid (UA). This designed electrochemical sensor showed a linear response in the concentration range of 0.5 μM to 250 μM DA and a sensing limit (S/N = 3) of 0.25 μM was found. The sensor was also able to successfully detect DA in a dopamine hydrochloride injection (DAI). Moreover, the sensor exhibited excellent stability and reproducibility.</P>

Design of PID Controller with Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using Optimization Algorithms

Saleh B.,Yousef Ali M.,Ebeed Mohamed,Abo-Elyousr Farag K.,Elnozahy Ahmed,Mohamed Moayed,Abdelwahab Saad A. Mohamed 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.6

The main target of this paper is to allow renewable energy resources (RES) to participate eff ectively within hybrid micro grids via an optimal proportional integral- derivative (PID) controller. This paper proposes two techniques of optimal PID controllers in a hybrid renewable generation energy system. These techniques are particle swarm optimization (PSO) and lightning attachment procedure optimization (LAPO). The hybrid renewable generation energy system in this study includes a photovoltaic source, wind turbine, and battery storage, which are connected to a point of common coupling via DC/DC boost converters. The controller at the inverter consists of a current controller and voltage source controller, which results in three PID gains at each controller. In order to obtain the PID gains, a time domain objective function is formulated in terms of the voltage, and current errors. The obtained results with the individual advanced optimization LAPO and PSO algorithm are compared. The results display that the developed LAPO algorithms give better results compared to the conventional PSO at the input and output current, voltage, and power. All the results have been taken under several operating conditions of wind turbine (wind speed) and solar sun (changing irradiance and temperature).

Electrochemical Microbiosensor for Detecting COVID-19 in a Patient Sample Based on Gold Microcuboids Pattern

Waleed A. El-Said,Abdullah S. Al‐Bogami,Wael Alshitari,Deia A. El-Hady,Tamer S. Saleh,Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar,최정우 한국바이오칩학회 2021 BioChip Journal Vol.15 No.3

As continues increasing the COVID-19 infections, there is an urgent need for developing fast, simple, selective, and accurate COVID-19 biosensors. A highly uniform gold (Au) microcuboid pattern was used as a microelectrode that allowed monitoring a small analyte. The electrochemical biosensor was used to monitor the COVID-19 S protein within a concentration range from 100 to 5 pmol L −1 ; it showed a lower detection limit of 276 fmol L −1 . Finally, the developed COVID-19 sensor was used to detect a positive sample from a human patient obtained through a nasal swab; the results were confirmed using the PCR technique. The results showed that the SWV technique showed high sensitivity towards detecting COVID-19 and good efficiency for detecting COVID-19 in a positive human sample.

Nanoparticles of ZnO/Berberine complex contract COVID-19 and respiratory co-bacterial infection in addition to elimination of hydroxychloroquine toxicity

Ghareeb Doaa A.,Saleh Samar R.,Seadawy Mohamed G.,Nofal Mohammed S.,Abdulmalek Shaymaa A.,Hassan Salma. F.,Khedr Shaimaa M.,AbdElwahab Miral G.,Sobhy Ahmed A.,Abdel-Hamid Ali saber Ali,Yassin Abdelrah 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.6

Purpose A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that has not been previously identified in humans and has no specific treatment has recently spread. Treatment trials using antiviral and immune-modulating drugs such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were used to control this viral outbreak however several side effects have emerged. Berberine (BER) is an alkaloid that has been reported to reveal some pharmacological properties including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Additionally, Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, this study was undertaken to estimate the efficiency of both BER and synthetic ZnO/BER complex as an anti-COVID-19 therapy. Methods First, the ZnO/BER complex was prepared by the facile mixing method. Then in vitro studies on the two compounds were conducted including VeroE6 toxicity, anti-COVID-19 activity, determination of inhibitory activity towards papain-like proteinase (PL pro) and spike protein- and receptor- binding domain (RBD) as well as assessment of drug toxicity on RBCs. Results The results showed that ZnO/BER complex acts as an anti-COVID-19 by inhibiting spike protein binding with angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE II), PL pro activity, spike protein and E protein levels, and expression of both E-gene and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) at a concentration lower than that of BER or ZnO-NPs alone. Furthermore, ZnO/BER complex had antioxidant and antimicrobial properties where it prevents the auto oxidation of 2,2-Diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the culture of lower respiratory system bacteria that affected Covid 19 patients. The ZnO/BER complex prevented as well the HCQ cytotoxic effect on both RBC and WBC (in vitro) and hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and anemia that occurred after HCQ long administration in vivo. Conclusion The ZnO/BER complex can be accounted as promising anti-COVID 19 candidate because it inhibited the virus entry, replication, and assembly. Furthermore, it could be used to treat a second bacterial infection that took place in hospitalized COVID 19 patients. Moreover, ZnO/BER complex was found to eliminate the toxicity of long-term administration of HCQ in vivo.

Evaluation of the role of ischemia modified albumin in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Talat, Mohamed A.,Saleh, Rabab M.,Shehab, Mohammed M.,Khalifa, Naglaa A.,Sakr, Maha Mahmoud Hamed,Elmesalamy, Walaa M. The Korean Pediatric Society 2020 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.63 No.8

Background: Birth asphyxia is a leading cause of neonatal mortality. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels may have a predictive role in the identification and prevention of hypoxic disorders, as they increase in cases of ischemia of the liver, heart, brain, bowel, and kidney. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the value of IMA levels as a diagnostic marker for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods: Sixty newborns who fulfilled 3 or more of the clinical and biochemical criteria and developed HIE as defined by Levene staging were included in our study as the asphyxia group. Neonates with congenital malformation, systemic infection, intrauterine growth retardation, low-birth weight, cardiac or hemolytic disease, family history of neurological diseases, congenital or perinatal infections, preeclampsia, diabetes, and renal diseases were excluded from the study. Sixty healthy neonates matched for gestational age and with no maternal history of illness, established respiration at birth, and an Apgar score ≥7 at 1 and 5 minutes were included as the control group. IMA was determined by double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of a cord blood sample collected within 30 minutes after birth. Results: Cord blood IMA levels were higher in asphyxiated newborns than in controls (250.83±36.07 pmol/mL vs. 120.24±38.9 pmol/mL). Comparison of IMA levels by HIE stage revealed a highly significant difference among them (207.3±26.65, 259.28±11.68, 294.99±4.41 pmol/mL for mild, moderate, and severe, respectively). At a cutoff of 197.6 pmol/mL, the sensitivity was 84.5%, specificity was 86%, positive predictive value was 82.8%, negative predictive value was 88.3%, and area under the curve was 0.963 (P<0.001). Conclusion: IMA levels can be a reliable marker for the early diagnosis of neonatal HIE and can be a predictor of injury severity.

Synthesis, Pharmacological Activity Evaluation and Molecular Modeling of New Polynuclear Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Benzimidazole Derivatives

Fatma A. Bassyouni,Tamer S. Saleh,Mahmoud M. ElHefnawi,Sherein I. Abd El-Moez,Waled M. El-Senousy,Mohamed E. Abdel-Rehim 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.12

Novel heterocyclic compounds containing benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized from 2-(1Hbenzimidazol-2-yl) acetonitrile (1) and arylhydrazononitrile derivative 2 was obtained via coupling of 1 with 4-methyl phenyldiazonium salt, which was then reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to give amidooxime derivative 3. This product was cyclized into the corresponding oxadiazole derivative 4 upon reflux in acetic anhydride. Compound 4 was refluxed in DMF in the presence of triethylamine to give the corresponding 5-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-p-tolyl-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-amine 6. Treatment of compound 6 with ethyl chloroformate afforded 2,6-dihydro-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,3-triazolo[4'',5''-4',5']pyrimido[1,6-a]benzimidazole-5(4H)-one (8). 1,2-bis(2-cyanomethyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethane-1,2-dione (10) was synthesized via the condensation reaction of 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) acetonitrile (1) and diethyloxalate. The reactivity of compound 10 towards some diamine reagents was studied. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated against several pathogenic bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli O119, S. paratyphi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus. The results of MIC revealed that compounds 12a-c showed the most effective antimicrobial activity against tested strains. On the other hand, compounds 12a, b exhibited high activity against rotavirus Wa strain while compounds 12b, c exhibited high activity against adenovirus type 7. In silico target prediction, docking and validation of the compounds 12a-c were performed. The dialkylglycine decarboxylase bacterial enzyme was predicted as a potential bacterial target receptor using pharmacophorebased correspondence with previous leads; giving the highest normalized scores and a high correlation docking score with mean inhibition concentrations. A novel binding mechanism was predicted after docking using the MOE software and its validation.

Activated jute carbon paste screen-printed FTO electrodes for nonenzymatic amperometric determination of nitrite

Ahammad, A.J. Saleh,Pal, Poly Rani,Shah, Syed Shaheen,Islam, Tamanna,Mahedi Hasan, Md.,Qasem, Mohammed Ameen Ahmed,Odhikari, Noyon,Sarker, Subrata,Kim, Dong Min,Abdul Aziz, Md. Elsevier 2019 Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry Vol.832 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Aiming at constructing a new nonenzymatic electrochemical nitrite sensor, we have prepared a screen-printed fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode with activated jute carbon paste (AJCP) (AJCP-SP-FTO) synthesized from jute (<I>Corchorus</I> genus) sticks by using ZnCl<SUB>2</SUB> as activating agent and subsequent carbonizing at 850°C. Surface morphology, textural properties, chemical composition and nature of pores of AJC were studied by FE-SEM, XRD, EDS, Raman spectroscopy and BET analysis. The surface area of the AJC was found to be 1452.4m<SUP>2</SUP>/g with an average pore diameter of 2.6nm obtained from a BJH pore-size distribution curve. Electron transfer capacity at the interface of the AJCP material screen-printed FTO was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and EIS techniques. The AJCP-SP-FTO sensor was used for amperometric detection of nitrite. The limit of detection (LOD) for nitrite oxidation was found to be 437nM for the proposed sensor. The sensitivity of AJCP-SP-FTO toward nitrite was 863.71μAmM<SUP>−1</SUP> cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. From the analysis of electrochemical data, the effective surface area of the AJCP-SP-FTO was 0.12cm<SUP>2</SUP>. We proposed a mechanism for sensitive detection of nitrite based on analysis of experimental findings of spectroscopic and electroanalytical techniques. We further utilized the proposed sensor for analyzing nitrite in tap water. The AJCP-SP-FTO electrode showed good reproducibility and stability.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Activated jute carbon (AJC) material was prepared by using ZnCl<SUB>2</SUB> as activating agent. </LI> <LI> Surface morphology, textural properties, chemical composition and nature of pores of AJC were studied. </LI> <LI> A novel AJC paste screen printed FTO electrode was constructed for nonenzymatic electrochemical determination of nitrite. </LI> <LI> The detection limit and sensitivity of nitrite were calculated to be 437 nM and 863.71 μA μM<SUP>-1</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP>, respectively. </LI> <LI> A mechanism for detection of nitrite was proposed based on analysis of spectroscopic and electroanalytical techniques. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

The Difference of Invariance, Reliability of The Student Engagement Scale (ESE) In Distance-Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic in Light of Some Students' Characteristics

Almaleki, Deyab A.,Alzahrani, Abdulrahman J.,Alkhairi, Mohammed A.,Albalawi, Farhan A.,Albogami, Hosin A.,Alhajory, Easa S.,Readi, Wadea A.,Idrees, Mohammed A.,Alshamrani, Saleh M.,Alwusaidi, Osama A. International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.8

This study aimed to test the factor structure of the measure of student participation in distance education. The study population consisted of all teachers in public education and faculty members in higher education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by applying it to a sample of bachelor's and graduate students at the college of Education at umm al-Qura University. The (ESE) was applied to a random sample representing the study population consisting of (216) respondents. The results of the study showed that the scale consists of three main factors, with showed a high degree of construct validity through fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis. The results have shown a gradual consistency of the measure's invariance that reaches the high level of the Measurement Invariance across the gender and study groups variables.