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An Isotopic Study of the Effects of Refining on Fiber
FRANCES L WALSH,SUJIT BANERJEE 한국펄프·종이공학회 2006 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-
Tritium has been used to directly measure the exchangeable hydrogen in bleached softwood kraft pulp. The hydrogen atoms associated with hydroxyl groups in pulp or with water contained in the pulp can dissociate and exchange with the hydrogen atoms in bulk water. Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen and behaves almost identically to it. The distribution of tritium between pulp and water (kpw) can be easily measured and becomes an index of the protons available for hydrogen bonding. Bleached kraft pulp was refined in a PFI mill to a range of freenesses. Tritiated water was added and the amount exchanged measured. There was a slight steady increase in kpw until approximately 300 CSF; kpw then rose sharply between 300 CSF and 100 CSF. This rise appears to correlate with FSP. It is likely that the action of refining on the fiber reaches a threshold at about 300 CSF causing the fiber surface to break open creating exponentially more surface area. This theory is visually confirmed through light microscopy. The slow increase in fibrillation of the fibers above 300 CSF correlates with the increase in kpw. Beyond the threshold of 300 CSF a dramatic difference in fibrillation is shown, also corresponding with the large increase in kpw. The freeness difference around 300 CSF is small, but the change in fiber properties is extreme within this region. This change in properties could lead to sheet breaks and other disruptions when producing products around the threshold. This study leads to a better understanding of how fiber changes during refining, resulting in a practical benefit of target freeness determination. Presently, freeness is selected based on product quality and on some measure of runnability. Yet, there are other considerations, demonstrated by the extreme change in fiber properties around 300 CSF.
Prognosis of aerodynamic coefficients of butterfly plan shaped tall building by surrogate modelling
Prasenjit Sanyal,Sayantan Banerjee,Sujit Kumar Dalui 한국풍공학회 2022 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.34 No.4
Irregularity in plan shape is very common for any type of building as it enhances better air ventilation for the inhabitants. Systematic opening at the middle of the facades makes the appearance of the building plan as a butterfly one. The primary focus of this study is to forecast the force, moment and torsional coefficient of a butterfly plan shaped tall building. Initially, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study is done on the building model based on Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) k-epsilon turbulence model. Fifty random cases of irregularity and angle of attack (AOA) are selected, and the results from these cases are utilised for developing the surrogate models. Parametric equations are predicted for all these aerodynamic coefficients, and the training of these outcomes are also done for developing Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). After achieving the target acceptance criteria, the observed results are compared with the primary CFD data. Both parametric equations and ANN matched very well with the obtained data. The results are further utilised for discussing the effects of irregularity on the most critical wind condition.
Bhattacharyya Atanu,Goswami Arunava,Dihidar Shankar,Adhikari Sujit,Banerjee Sudip Kumar,Talapatra Soumendra Nath,Barik Bikas Ranjan,Bhattacharya Subir Kumar,Chandra Asit Kumar Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.14 No.1
Hexane extract of Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) exhibits a toxic effect on the tissues of Spodoptera litura (F) while fed at the dose of 1000 and 2000 ppm thoroughly mixing with castor leaves (Ricinus communis L) after dissolving in DMSO at late fourth instar whereas only DMSO treated castor leaves were fed to control group. The larvae were put to rear at $28^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $76{\pm}4%$ R.H. under 12 L + 12 D photoperiodic regime. In test group insects substantial reduction of protein and DNA content was marked in fat body and midgut tissues compared to DMSO treated control group. The significant biochemical alterations in the midgut tissues and fat body of test group insects indicate the insecticidal property of the said plant extract that could be tested in facilitating the phenomenal stride in Integrated Pest Management.
( Atanu Bhattacharyya ),( Arunava Goswami ),( Shankar Dihidar ),( Sujit Adhikari ),( Sudip Kumar Banerjee ),( Soumendra Nath Talapatra ),( Bikas Ranjan Barik ),( Subir Kumar Bhattacharya ),( Asit Kuma 한국잠사학회 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.14 No.1
Hexane extract of Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) exhibits a toxic effect on the tissues of Spodoptera litura (F) while fed at the dose of 1000 and 2000 ppm thoroughly mixing with castor leaves (Ricinus communis L) after dissolving in DMSO at late fourth instar whereas only DMSO treated castor leaves were fed to control group. The larvae were put to rear at 28°C±1°C, 76±4% R.H. under 12 L + 12 D photoperiodic regime. In test group insects substantial reduction of protein and DNA content was marked in fat body and midgut tissues compared to DMSO treated control group. The significant biochemical alterations in the midgut tissues and fat body of test group insects indicate the insecticidal property of the said plant extract that could be tested in facilitating the phenomenal stride in Integrated Pest Management.