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K. Sandeep,R. S. Negi,A. S. Panicker,Alok Sagar Gautam,D. S. Bhist,G. Beig,B. S. Murthy,R. Latha,Santosh Singh,S. Das 한국기상학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.56 No.3
Extraction of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were carried out over Srinagar, India, an ecologically sensitive semi-urban site in Garhwal Himalays. The PM2.5 sampling was carried out during January to December, 2017 over the site. The OC and EC were extracted from PM2.5 samples using a thermo optical OC/EC analyzer. Highest OC and EC concncentrations were found during postmonsoon (17.67 ± 1.1 μg/m3 OC and 6.34 ± 0.75 EC) and Winter (17.31 ± 3.045 μg/m3 OC and 6.32 ± 0.585 μg/m3 EC) seasons are attributed to boundary layer dynamics and anthropogenic activities. The lower concentration of OC/ EC was observed during monsoon season (11.64 ± 1.75 μgm−3 OC and 3.46 ± 0.19μgm−3 EC) owing to wet scavenging of aerosols and minimum count of forest fire/biomass buring incidences. Both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season concentrations are also influenced by biomass burning in the IGP (Indo-Gangetic Plain) region and forest fires in the adjecent areas. The OC/EC ratio sounds that vehicular exhaust and biomass burning are the major source of OC/EC over the site. Generation of secondary organic carbon (SOC) at the region causes variability in OC/EC ratio in different seasons. It is found that 24–32% of PM2.5 is contributed by carbonaceous aerosols (OC and EC) over Srinagar. The pivotal role of meteorology in modulating OC/ EC concentrations has been illustared in detail.
Kishore Kundan,Singh H. S.,Nath Vishal,Baig M. J.,Murthy D. Sreenivasa,Acharya G. C.,Behera Suchitra 한국원예학회 2023 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.64 No.4
Canopy architecture is one of the most critical components infl uencing photoassimilation, yield and quality of fruit crops; thus, it is logical to optimize suitable canopy form with high light interception effi ciency. In this study, the eff ectiveness of three forms of canopy architecture viz., open centre, Y trellis and espalier were assessed, under high density planting system of mango (833 plants ha − 1 ). Y trellis facilitated better availability of photosynthetic photon fl ux density (PPFD) in upper (793 μmol m − 2 s − 1 ) and lower canopy layers (487 μmol m − 2 s − 1 ) by exhibiting moderate interception of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). Y-trellis also manifested relatively higher photosynthetic activity (6.07 μmol CO 2 m − 2 s − 1 and 5.24 μmol CO 2 m − 2 s − 1 ), stomatal conductance (0.194 μmol H 2 O m − 2 s − 1 and 0.172 μmol H 2 O m − 2 s − 1 ), carbohydrate and protein content in upper and lower canopy layers. On the other hand, espalier system demonstrated high rate of PAR interception and low photosynthetic activity. Mango canopy with Y-trellis and open centre forms provided better results in terms of fl owering intensity and fruit yield. Fruits from Y-trellis exhibited relatively better colour attributes, sucrose and β-carotene content. Alternatively, soluble solid contents, citric acid, carbohydrate and protein content were unaff ected with the training systems. It was evident from PCA biplots that Y-trellis had close proximity with light intensity, photosynthetic characteristics, fl owering intensity, yield, and fruit quality attributes. Moreover, path coeffi cient analysis indicated that PPFD, iPAR and photosynthetic rate ( Pn ) were the most important predictors for determining fl owering in mango. The fi ndings of the present study demonstrate that optimized canopy architecture is instrumental for eff ective utilization of radiation energy for higher fl owering intensity, yield and fruit quality in mango. Economic assessment of training system indicated that Y-trellis was more feasible system when cultivation was aimed to maximise the profi t with no restriction on investment. However under capital constraint situation open centre system was more profi table.
Murthy, A. Ramachandra,Gandhi, P.,Vishnuvardhan, S.,Sudharshan, G. 한국원자력학회 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.12
Fatigue crack growth model has been developed for dissimilar metal weld joints of a piping component under cyclic loading, where in the crack is located at the center of the weld in the circumferential direction. The fracture parameter, Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) has been computed by using principle of superposition as K<sub>H</sub> + K<sub>M</sub>. K<sub>H</sub> is evaluated by assuming that, the complete specimen is made of the material containing the notch location. In second stage, the stress field ahead of the crack tip, accounting for the strength mismatch, the applied load and geometry has been characterized to evaluate SIF (K<sub>M</sub>). For each incremental crack depth, stress field ahead of the crack tip has been quantified by using J-integral (elastic), mismatch ratio, plastic interaction factor and stress parallel to the crack surface. The associated constants for evaluation of K<sub>M</sub> have been computed by using the quantified stress field with respect to the distance from the crack tip. Net SIF (K<sub>H</sub> + K<sub>M</sub>) computed, has been used for the crack growth analysis and remaining life prediction by Paris crack growth model. To validate the model, SIF and remaining life has been predicted for a pipe made up of (i) SA312 Type 304LN austenitic stainless steel and SA508 Gr. 3 Cl. 1. Low alloy carbon steel (ii) welded SA312 Type 304LN austenitic stainless-steel pipe. From the studies, it is observed that the model could predict the remaining life of DMWJ piping components with a maximum difference of 15% compared to experimental observations.
Murthy, A. Rama Chandra,Palani, G.S.,Iyer, Nagesh R. Techno-Press 2009 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.32 No.3
This paper presents analytical methodologies for remaining life prediction of plain concrete structural components considering tension softening and size effects. Non-linear fracture mechanics principles (NLFM) have been used for crack growth analysis and remaining life prediction. Various tension softening models such as linear, bi-linear, tri-linear, exponential and power curve have been presented with appropriate expressions. Size effect has been accounted for by modifying the Paris law, leading to a size adjusted Paris law, which gives crack length increment per cycle as a power function of the amplitude of a size adjusted stress intensity factor (SIF). Details of tension softening effects and size effect in the computation of SIF and remaining life prediction have been presented. Numerical studies have been conducted on three point bending concrete beams under constant amplitude loading. The predicted remaining life values with the combination of tension softening & size effects are in close agreement with the corresponding experimental values available in the literature for all the tension softening models.
Numerical simulation of an external prestressing technique for prestressed concrete end block
Murthy, A. Rama Chandra,Ganapathi, S. Chitra,Saibabu, S.,Lakshmanan, N.,Jayaraman, R.,Senthil, R. Techno-Press 2009 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.33 No.5
This paper presents the details of finite element (FE) modeling and analysis of an external prestressing technique to strengthen a prestressed concrete (PSC) end block. Various methods of external prestressing techniques have been discussed. In the proposed technique, transfer of external force is in shear mode on the end block creating a complex stress distribution. The proposed technique is useful when the ends of the PSC girders are not accessible. Finite element modeling issues have been outlined. Brief description about material nonlinearity including key aspects in modeling inelastic behaviour has been provided. Finite element (FE) modeling including material, loading has been explained in depth. FE analysis for linear and nonlinear static analysis has been conducted for varying external loadings. Various responses such as out-of-plane deformation and slip have been computed and compared with the corresponding experimental observations. From the study, it has been observed that the computed slope and slip of the steel bracket under external loading is in good agreement with the corresponding experimental observations.
Murthy, A. Ramachandra,Mathew, Rakhi Sara,Palani, G.S.,Gopinath, Smitha,Iyer, Nagesh R. Techno-Press 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.53 No.4
Fracture analysis and remaining life prediction has been carried out for aluminium alloy (Al 2014A) plate panels with concentric stiffener by varying sizes and positions under fatigue loading. Tension coupon tests and compact tension tests on 2014A have been carried out to evaluate mechanical properties and crack growth constants. Domain integral technique has been used to compute the Stress intensity factor (SIF) for various cases. Generalized empirical expressions for SIF have been derived for various positions of stiffener and size. From the study, it can be concluded that the remaining life for stiffened panel for particular size and position can be estimated by knowing the remaining life of corresponding unstiffened panel.
Park, S.,Murthy, P.S.K.,Park, S.,Mohan, Y.M.,Koh, W.G. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2011 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.17 No.2
In this investigation, we prepared semi-interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels composed of pluronic and poly(acrylamide), using free radical polymerization with a redox initiator system in the presence of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. The hydrogels served as templates for producing highly stable and uniformly distributed silver nanoparticles via in situ reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO<SUB>3</SUB>) using sodium borohydride (NaBH<SUB>4</SUB>) as reducing agent. We confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles using ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Stability and morphology of the nanoparticles was examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, we demonstrated the presence of antibacterial activity in the developed hydrogel-silver nanocomposite.