POLYGALITOL의 藥理作用

洪思奭,金榮植,禹麟根 최신의학사 1959 最新醫學 Vol.2 No.1

Polygalital obtained from Polygala japonica Hout tuyn has been studied Pharmacologically; the Polygalitol has practically similar action as glucose upon frog heart, vessels, or rabbit ear vessel, however, the former does not affect rabbit blood sugar and perfusing solution of frog heart as the latter, whicih' shows profounding increase or consume respectively, The problems, particularly possible energy source of polygalitol in the body, are remained in further investigation.

Astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 modulates brain plasticity in both mice and humans: a potential gliogenetic mechanism underlying language-associated learning

Woo, J,Kim, J E,Im, J J,Lee, J,Jeong, H S,Park, S,Jung, S-Y,An, H,Yoon, S,Lim, S M,Lee, S,Ma, J,Shin, E Y,Han, Y-E,Kim, B,Lee, E H,Feng, L,Chun, H,Yoon, B-E,Kang, I,Dager, S R,Lyoo, I K,Lee, C J Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nat 2018 Molecular psychiatry Vol.23 No.4

<P>The role of astrocytes in brain plasticity has not been extensively studied compared with that of neurons. Here we adopted integrative translational and reverse-translational approaches to explore the role of an astrocyte-specific major water channel in the brain, aquaporin-4 (AQP4), in brain plasticity and learning. We initially identified the most prevalent genetic variant of AQP4 (single nucleotide polymorphism of rs162008 with C or T variation, which has a minor allele frequency of 0.21) from a human database (n = 60 706) and examined its functionality in modulating the expression level of AQP4 in an in vitro luciferase reporter assay. In the following experiments, AQP4 knock-down in mice not only impaired hippocampal volumetric plasticity after exposure to enriched environment but also caused loss of long-term potentiation after theta-burst stimulation. In humans, there was a cross-sectional association of rs162008 with gray matter (GM) volume variation in cortices, including the vicinity of the Perisylvian heteromodal language area (Sample 1, n = 650). GM volume variation in these brain regions was positively associated with the semantic verbal fluency. In a prospective follow-up study (Sample 2, n = 45), the effects of an intensive 5-week foreign language (English) learning experience on regional GM volume increase were modulated by this AQP4 variant, which was also associated with verbal learning capacity change. We then delineated in mice mechanisms that included AQP4-dependent transient astrocytic volume changes and astrocytic structural elaboration. We believe our study provides the first integrative evidence for a gliogenetic basis that involves AQP4, underlying language-associated brain plasticity.</P>

Sulforaphane exerts its anti-inflammatory effect against amyloid-β peptide via STAT-1 dephosphorylation and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 cascade in human THP-1 macrophages

An, Y.W.,Jhang, K.A.,Woo, S.Y.,Kang, J.L.,Chong, Y.H. Elsevier Science Pub. Co 2016 NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING Vol.38 No.-

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, accounting for most cases of dementia in elderly individuals, and effective therapies are still lacking. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of sulforaphane against Aβ<SUB>1-42</SUB> monomers in human THP-1 microglia-like cells. The results showed that sulforaphane preferentially inhibited cathepsin B- and caspase-1-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by mostly Aβ<SUB>1-42</SUB> monomers, an effect that potently reduced excessive secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that sulforaphane mitigated the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 induced by Aβ<SUB>1-42</SUB> monomers. Sulforaphane also increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, which was followed by upregulation of heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1). The anti-inflammatory effect of sulforaphane on Aβ<SUB>1-42</SUB>-induced IL-1β production was diminished by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Nrf2 or HO-1. Moreover, sulforaphane significantly attenuated the levels of microRNA-146a, which is selectively upregulated in the temporal cortex and hippocampus of AD brains. The aforementioned effects of sulforaphane were replicated by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A, and Nrf2 activator. These results indicate that signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 dephosphorylation, HO-1 and its upstream effector, Nrf2, play a pivotal role in triggering an anti-inflammatory signaling cascade of sulforaphane that results in decreases of IL-1β release and microRNA-146a production in Aβ<SUB>1-42</SUB>-stimulated human microglia-like cells. These findings suggest that the phytochemical sulforaphane has a potential application in AD therapeutics.

Development of an anthropogenic emissions processing system for Asia using SMOKE

Woo, J.H.,Choi, K.C.,Kim, H.K.,Baek, B.H.,Jang, M.,Eum, J.H.,Song, C.H.,Ma, Y.I.,Sunwoo, Y.,Chang, L.S.,Yoo, S.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2012 Atmospheric environment Vol.58 No.-

Air quality modeling is a useful methodology to investigate air quality degradation in various locations and to analyze effectiveness of emission reduction plans. A comprehensive air quality model usually requires a coordinated set of emissions input of all necessary chemical species. We have developed an anthropogenic emissions processing system for Asia in support of air quality modeling and analysis over Asia (named SMOKE-Asia). The SMOKE (Sparse Matrix Operator kernel Emissions) system, which was developed by U.S. EPA and has been maintained by the Carolina Environmental Program (CEP) of the University of North Carolina, was used to develop our emissions processing system. A merged version of INTEX 2006 and TRACE-P 2000 inventories was used as an initial Asian emissions inventory. The IDA (Inventory Data Analyzer) format was used to create SMOKE-ready emissions. Source Classification Codes (SCCs) and country/state/county (FIPS) code, which are the two key data fields of SMOKE IDA data structure, were created for Asia. The 38 SCCs and 2752 FIPS codes were allocated to our SMOKE-ready emissions for more comprehensive processing. US EPA's MIMS (Multimedia Integrated Modeling System) Spatial Allocator software, along with many global and regional GIS shapes, were used to create spatial allocation profiles for Asia. Temporal allocation and chemical speciation profiles were partly regionalized using Asia-based studies. Initial data production using the developed SMOKE-Asia system was successfully performed. NO<SUB>x</SUB> and VOC emissions for the year 2009 were projected to be increased by 50% from those of 1997. The emission hotspots, such as large cities and large point sources, are distinguished in the domain due to spatial allocation. Regional emission peaks were distinguished due to temporally resolved emission information. The PAR (Paraffin carbon bond) and XYL (Xylene and other polyalkyl aromatics) showed the first and second largest emission rate among VOC species. Most of point source emissions are located in layers 3 to 4, which the altitude range reaches 310-550 m AGL. Qualitative inter-comparison between model output and ground/satellite measurement showed good agreements in terms of spatial and temporal patterns. We expect that the result of this study will provide better air quality modeling inputs, which will act as a major step to improve our understanding of Asian air quality.

Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂)-based inorganic salt electrode for supercapacitor with long-cycle life performance

Cho, S.,Han, J.,Kim, J.,Jo, Y.,Woo, H.,Lee, S.,Aqueel Ahmed, A.T.,Chavan, H.C.,Pawar, S.M.,Gunjakar, J.L.,Kwak, J.,Park, Y.,Inamdar, A.I.,Kim, H.,Kim, H.,Im, H. ELSEVIER 2017 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.17 No.9

<P>A novel water-soluble inorganic Ca(NO3)(2) salt electrode is investigated for its pseudocapacitance in an aqueous KOH electrolyte. Commercially available Ca(NO3)(2) salt is directly used as the key electrode material. The supercapacitor electrode contains Ca(NO3)(2) salt, carbon black, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in a ratio of 80:10:10. The Ca(NO3)(2)-based electrode demonstrates an exceptionally long life cycling stability, and a reasonably sound specific capacitance of 234 F/g is obtained at a current density of 3 A/g. Via chemical and electrochemical reactions, the in-situ activation of the Ca(NO3)(2) forms an intermediate CaO which contributes to the pseudocapacitance of the electrode. The electrode undergoes a reversible redox reaction between Cu2+ <-> Cu+ during the charge-discharge process. Superior rate capability and excellent specific capacitance retention of similar to 120% over 2000 cycles are achieved compared with other inorganic salt electrodes. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Construction and Commissioning of the KSTAR Current Feeder System

Park, Y.M.,Lee, Y.J.,Yaung-Soo Kim,Woo, I.S.,Kwag, S.W.,Chang, Y.B.,Song, N.H.,Park, H.T.,Kim, C.S.,Lee, K.S.,Bang, E.N.,Chu, Y.,Yonekawa, H.,Park, K.R.,Yang, H.L.,Ha, T.H.,Bak, J.S. IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.19 No.3

<P>The function of the current feeder system (CFS) is for conducting large currents from the power supplies to the KSTAR superconducting (SC) magnets. The CFS consists of SC bus-lines, joints, and current leads. The bus-line conductor is a circular cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC), which consists of a 4.5 mm thick stainless steel 316L seamless pipe containing 324 strands of chrome coated NbTi superconductor and 243 strands of OFHC. The ends of the CICC are assembled with specially designed lap joints. The joining resistance is controlled to less than 2.5 nano-ohm to minimize Joule heating. The outer surfaces of the CICC were electrically insulated up to 15 kV with jackets made of Kapton film and prepreged E-glass tape. Helically wrapped conducting fiber was used to measure the voltages of bus-line quenches. Two pairs of prototype brass leads for poloidal field (PF) and toroidal field (TF) coils have been fabricated and tested up to the currents of 26 kA for the PF leads and 35 kA for the TF leads. The test results satisfied all the requirements so that all 18 leads were manufactured and assembled on site. This paper will describe the detailed manufacturing progress and commissioning results of the KSTAR CFS.</P>

Systemic delivery and preclinical evaluation of Au nanoparticle containing β-lapachone for radiosensitization

Jeong, S.Y.,Park, S.J.,Yoon, S.M.,Jung, J.,Woo, H.N.,Yi, S.L.,Song, S.Y.,Park, H.J.,Kim, C.,Lee, J.S.,Lee, J.S.,Choi, E.K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2009 Journal of controlled release Vol.139 No.3

Effective delivery of radiosensitizer to target tumor cells, causing preferentially increased tumor cytotoxicity, while simultaneously minimizing damage to healthy cells around the tumor, is an ideal strategy for the improvement of radiotherapeutic efficacy against human cancer. We aimed to enhance radiotherapeutic efficacy by using biocompatible gold nanoparticles (AuNP) as a vehicle for systemic delivery of sz-lapachone (lap). Lap is a novel anticancer agent displaying potent cytotoxicity against cancer cells expressing NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 enzyme (NQO1). Although lap is expected to be a very promising radiosensitizer, its poor solubility and non-specific distribution obstruct preclinical evaluation and clinical application. In this study, the property of AuNPs carrying lap (AuNPs/lap) for active-targeting tumor cells and improving in vivo radiotherapeutic efficacy was evaluated. Murine monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody was conjugated to the AuNPs/lap as a ligand for active targeting. The active tumor-targeting property of AuNPs/lap conjugating anti-EGFR antibody was validated in vitro experiments using cell lines expressing EGFR at different levels. In mice bearing xenograft human tumors, the intravenous injection of AuNPs/lap exhibited highly enhanced radiotherapeutic efficacy. AuNPs/lap offers a new modality for improvement of radiotherapeutic efficacy and feasibility of further clinical application for human cancer treatment.

Stability Analysis of the KSTAR PF Busline

Park, Y. M.,Lee, H. J.,Chu, Y.,Park, D. S.,Kwag, S. W.,Song, N. H.,Woo, I. S.,Chang, Y. B.,Joo, J. J.,Moon, K. M.,Kim, S. H.,Park, K. R.,Yang, H. L.,Kwon, M. IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.22 No.3

<P>The Cable-In-Conduit Conductor (CICC) for the KSTAR buslines is made of NbTi superconducting (SC) strands. A busline consists of several electrical joints, which are the major heat load contributors to the busline cryo-system. In the poloidal field (PF) busline helium circuit, the supercritical helium is fed to the electrical joint of current lead end and comes out to the magnet terminal joint. This helium flow configuration has been verified to maintain the cryogenic stability of the buslines through the KSTAR operation. During the normal operation of the KSTAR PF coil, the heated helium coming out to both the coil and the busline meets at the magnet terminal and exchange heat, but the busline outlet temperature still remained less than magnet outlet temperature. As the buslines for the electrical connection in series of the upper and lower coils for PF1 and PF2 have the helium path through the two terminal joints of magnet, they experience higher temperature than the other buslines mainly due to the larger heat exchange. In this case, the connection buslines are considered to have very low safety margin and have the strong possibility of quenches.</P>

Analysis of the Helium Behavior Due to AC Losses in the KSTAR Superconducting Coils

Park, Y M,Lee, H J,Lee, Y J,Park, S H,Kwag, S W,Song, N H,Chang, Y B,Park, H T,Woo, I S,Bang, E N,Kim, Y S,Yang, H L,Bak, J S,Kwon, M IEEE 2010 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.20 No.3

<P>The KSTAR superconducting magnetic coils, which are made of cable in-conduit conductor (CICC), maintain a superconducting state with forced-flow supercritical helium (4.5 K, 5.5 bar). During current changing of the superconducting magnetic coils, AC losses are generated in the CICC due to dl/dt, and the heat generated from the loss is removed by high heat capacity supercritical helium. At the same time, reversed flow of the helium occurs due to a rapid increase of the helium temperature and momentary changing of the pressure inside the CICC. This phenomenon has been detected in all of the poloidal field (PF) coils, especially in the upper (U) and lower (L) PF1~PF4 coils. The maximum change of the magnetic field in the PF1UL~PF4UL coils is located near the inlet and outlet of the helium cooling channels, and that of the PF5UL~7UL coils is located at the center of the cooling channel. The temperature variation at the helium inlet was always measured to have a time delay after each shot. In the PF1 coil tests, it was measured to have a delay of 26 sec. During the first plasma campaign, this phenomenon was more severe in the case of all PF coils operating together than for a single PF operation. In this paper, we investigated the thermal-hydraulics of this phenomenon.</P>

살서제 PratolR 중독증 170 예에 대한 임상적 고찰

우성희 ( S. H. Woo ),윤동현 ( D. H. Yun ),권용오 ( Y. O. Kwon ),문영주 ( Y. J. Moon ),이광래 ( K. L. Lee ),백종호 ( J. H. Baek ),이찬주 ( C. J. Lee ),태경희 ( K. H. Tae ),강진영 ( J. Y. Kang ) 대한내과학회 1985 대한내과학회지 Vol.28 No.1