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Hussain, Shahzada Qamar,Oh, Woong-Kyo,Kim, Sunbo,Ahn, Shihyun,Le, Anh Huy Tuan,Park, Hyeongsik,Lee, Youngseok,Dao, Vinh Ai,Velumani, S,Yi, Junsin American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.14 No.12
<P>Pulsed DC magnetron sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) films deposited on glass substrates with lowest resistivity of 2.62 x 10(-4) ω x cm and high transmittance of about 89% in the visible wavelength region. We report the enhancement of ITO work function (φ(ITO)) by the variation of oxygen (O2) flow rate and N2O surface plasma treatment. The φ(ITO) increased from 4.43 to 4.56 eV with the increase in O2 flow rate from 0 to 4 sccm while surface treatment of N2O plasma further enhanced the ITO work function to 4.65 eV. The crystallinity of the ITO films improved with increasing O2 flow rate, as revealed by XRD analysis. The ITO work function was increased by the interfacial dipole resulting from the surface rich in O- ions and by the dipole moment formed at the ITO surface during N2O plasma treatment. The ITO films with high work functions can be used to modify the front barrier height in heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cells.</P>
Discrimination and bifurcation analysis of tumor immune interaction in fractional form
Taj, Muhammad,Khadimallah, Mohamed A.,Hussain, Muzamal,Rashid, Yahya,Ishaque, Waqas,Mahmoud, S.R.,Din, Qamar,Alwabli, Afaf S.,Tounsi, Abdelouahed Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.10 No.4
A tumor immune interaction is a main topic of interest in the last couple of decades because majority of human population suffered by tumor, formed by the abnormal growth of cells and is continuously interacted with the immune system. Because of its wide range of applications, many researchers have modeled this tumor immune interaction in the form of ordinary, delay and fractional order differential equations as the majority of biological models have a long range temporal memory. So in the present work, tumor immune interaction in fractional form provides an excellent tool for the description of memory and hereditary properties of inter and intra cells. So the interaction between effector-cells, tumor cells and interleukin-2 (IL-2) are modeled by using the definition of Caputo fractional order derivative that provides the system with long-time memory and gives extra degree of freedom. Moreover, in order to achieve more efficient computational results of fractional-order system, a discretization process is performed to obtain its discrete counterpart. Furthermore, existence and local stability of fixed points are investigated for discrete model. Moreover, it is proved that two types of bifurcations such as Neimark-Sacker and flip bifurcations are studied. Finally, numerical examples are presented to support our analytical results.
Investigation of Electrical and Optical Properties of Highly Transparent TCO/Ag/TCO Multilayer.
Kim, Sunbo,Lee, Jaehyeong,Dao, Vinh Ai,Ahn, Shihyun,Hussain, Shahzada Qamar,Park, Jinjoo,Jung, Junhee,Lee, Chan,Song, Bong-Shik,Choi, Byoungdeog,Lee, Youn-Jung,Iftiquar, S M,Yi, Junsin American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.15 No.3
<P>Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) have been widely used as transparent electrodes for optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, flat-panel displays, and light-emitting diodes, because of their unique characteristics of high optical transmittance and low electrical resistivity. Among various TCO materials, zinc oxide based films have recently received much attention because they have advantages over commonly used indium and tin-based oxide films. Most TCO films, however, exhibit valleys of transmittance in the wavelength range of 550-700 nm, lowering the average transmittance in the visible region and decreasing short-circuit current (I-sc) of solar cells. A TCO/Ag/TCO multilayer structure has emerged as an attractive alternative because it provides optical characteristics without the valley of transmittance compared with a 100-nm-thick single-layer TCO. In this article, we report the electrical, optical and surface properties of TCO/Ag/TCO. These multi-layers were deposited at room temperature with various Ag film thicknesses from 5 to 15 nm while the thickness of TCO thin film was fixed at 40 nm. The TCO/Ag/TCO multi-layer with a 10-nm-thick Ag film showed optimum transmittance in the visible (400-800 nm) wavelength region. These multi-layer structures have advantages over TCO layers of the same thickness.</P>