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Preparation of polypyrrole by chemical oxidation: applications for sensor studies
S. Pavithra,R. Thejas,H. N. Anil Rao,B. S. Krishna,G. Nagaraju 한국고분자학회 2024 Macromolecular Research Vol.32 No.1
Polypyrrole has gained more attention in conducting polymer science due to its ease of preparation and many advantages. In this article, by chemical oxidation method, three different polypyrroles were prepared using ferric chloride as an oxidant, including surfactant and natural directing agent, and named the samples PPY-1, PPY-2, and PPY-3. XRD, XPS, EDX, FT-IR, SEM, and electrical conductivity was used to characterize the synthesized polypyrrole. XRD confirms that the prepared samples were polypyrrole by showing peaks in the range of 20°–23°. SEM analysis shows that the sizes are between 120 and 180 nm. The present research work is a modest attempt to demonstrate for the first-time detection of hazardous gas using natural directing agent during polypyrrole synthesis. The prepared samples were used for the sensing of butane. PPY-2 shows a high electrical conductivity of 14 × 10– 3 S cm− 1 and gas sensing with a sensitivity value of 42.03 with lesser response and recovery time. This study reveals the fabrication of low-cost materials for butane sensors.
S. Anuradha Jabasingh,D. Lalith,Pavithra Garre 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.23 No.-
The study was aimed at investigating the efficacy of chitin immobilized Mucor racemosus sorbent (CIMRS) sorbent, impregnated in the modified rotating disc contactor (MRDC) blades for the sorption of chromium(VI) contained in the electroplating effluent. The optimum time, pH, temperature and CIMRS dosage were found to be 8 h, 7.0, 323 K and 0.7 g/150 mL, respectively, for MRDC sorption studies. Desorption studies were also carried out in MRDC at 60 8C. Seven isotherms were applied to model the experimental data. The present study reveals highly promising nature of CIMRS for Cr(VI) sorption from electroplating effluent.
Current Status and Development of Submerged Friction Stir Welding: A Review
Rathinasuriyan Chandran,E. Pavithra,R. Sankar,V. S. Senthil Kumar 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.2
Submerged Friction Stir Welding is a modification of the friction stir welding process in which the water as the coolant is employed to standardize the temperature. It is considered as a green and environmentally friendly welding technology because of low energy consumption, no gas emission, and no need for consumable material. It is applied to structural purposes like oil platforms and pipelines, or in industrial and laboratories for enhancing the weld strength. This review paper is classified into three categories, the first one studies the preceding experimental investigations, the second one is modelling/optimization, and the third one is current status and development of submerged friction stir welding. The experimental results of the previous research findings in submerged friction stir welded sample with performance characteristics, tensile properties, microhardness, fracture analysis and corrosion resistance, macro/microstructure analysis on the various materials are discussed. This review articles concludes with recommendations for future research exertion
Continuous Biosorption of Cadmium by Moringa olefera in a Packed Column
M. Rajeswari,Pushpa Agrawal,S. Pavithra, Priya,G. R. Sandhya,G. M. Pavithra 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.2
The biosorption of Cd(II) by Moringa oleifera using a batch system and a continuous up flow mode in a fixed bed column was studied. Batch adsorption experiments were performed as a function of pH, biosorbent dose, contact time, volume of the solution, and initial metal concentration. The adsorption isotherms obtained fitted well into the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The dynamic removal of cadmium by powdered seed of the Moringa oleifera was studied in a packed column. The effect of bed height (4 and 8 cm) and flow rate (2 and 5mL/min) on biosorption process was investigated and the experimental breakthrough curves were obtained. Results showed that by increasing the bed height and decreasing the flow rate, the breakthrough and exhaustion times increased. The break-through time was considered as a measure of the column performance. The maximum break-through time of 320 min was achieved at the operating condition of 2 mL/min influent flow rate and bed height of 8 cm.