Effects of Surfactant Tween 80 on Forage Degradability and Microbial Growth on the In vitro Rumen Mixed and Pure Cultures

Goto, M.,Bae, H.,Lee, S.S.,Yahaya, M.S.,Karita, S.,Wanjae, K.,Cheng, K.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.5

Effect of a surfactant Tween 80 on the bacterial growth in the rumen was examined on the in vitro pure cultures of Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Prevotella ruminicola, Megasphaera elsidenni, Fibrobacta succinogenes, Ruminanococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Dry matter degradability (DMD), concentrations and compositions of volatile fatty acids (VFA), and the most probable number (MPN) of cellulolytic bacteria and total number of bacteria in the presence of Tween 80 were also examined on the in vitro rumen mixed culture either with barley grain or orchardgrass hay. The growth of S. bovis, S. ruminantium, B. fibrisolvens, P. ruminicola, M. elsidenni and F. succinogenes were significantly higher (p<0.05) at over 0.05% concentrations of Tween 80 than those of the control cultures, while was not changed with R. albus and R. flavefaciens. With rumen mixed culture the DMD of barley grain and orchardgrass hay was significantly higher (p<0.05) at a 0.2% concentration of Tween 80 than the control, being reflected in the significantly higher (p<0.05) VFA production (mmol $g^{-1}$DDM) with orchardgrass hay. The higher (p<0.05) ratio of propionate to acetate at a 0.2% concentration of Tween 80 was also observed with orchardgrass hay, showing a similar trend with barley grain. No changes in the total bacterial number and MPN of cellulolytic bacteria were observed.

Levels of 4-1BB transcripts and soluble 4-1BB protein are elevated in the adipose tissue of human obese subjects and are associated with inflammatory and metabolic parameters

Tu, T H,Kim, C-S,Kang, J-H,Nam-Goong, I S,Nam, C W,Kim, E S,Kim, Y I,Choi, J I,Kawada, T,Goto, T,Park, T,Yoon Park, J H,Choi, M-S,Yu, R Macmillan Publishers Limited 2014 International journal of obesity Vol.38 No.8

Background:4-1BB, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, has a role in various inflammatory pathologies through its interaction with 4-1BB ligand. We previously demonstrated that it participates in initiating and promoting obesity-induced adipose inflammation in a rodent model.Objective:In this study, we examined whether 4-1BB is related to obesity-induced adipose inflammation and metabolic parameters in humans.Methods:A total of 50 subjects, 25 obese (body mass index (BMI)⩾25 kg m<SUP>−2</SUP>) and 25 lean (BMI<23 kg m<SUP>−2</SUP>) participated in the study. The levels of 4-1BB transcripts and soluble 4-1BB protein (s4-1BB) in subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Inflammatory and metabolic parameters were measured by enzymatic analysis and immunoassay.Results:Obese subjects had higher levels of both 4-1BB transcripts and s4-1BB protein in subcutaneous adipose tissue than lean controls, and the levels were correlated with BMI and the expression of inflammatory markers, as well as with serum metabolic parameters. Moreover, s4-1BB was released from human adipocytes, and elicited chemotactic responses from human monocytes/T cells as well as enhancing their inflammatory activity, indicating that it may promote human adipose inflammation.Discussion:Our data demonstrate that elevated levels of 4-1BB transcripts and s4-1BB in adipose tissue are closely associated with obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. They suggest that both 4-1BB transcripts and s4-1BB could serve as novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic syndrome in humans.

S–N Fatigue and Fatigue Crack Propagation Behaviors of X80 Steel at Room and Low Temperatures

Jung, D. H.,Kwon, J. K.,Woo, N. S.,Kim, Y. J.,Goto, M.,Kim, S. Springer Science + Business Media 2014 Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physi Vol.45 No.2

<P>In the present study, the S-N fatigue and the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behaviors of American Petroleum Institute X80 steel were examined in the different locations of the base metal (BM), weld metal (WM), and heat-affected zone (HAZ) at 298 K, 223 K, and 193 K (25 degrees C, 50 degrees C, and 80 degrees C). The resistance to S-N fatigue of X80 BM specimen increased greatly with decreasing temperature from 298 K to 193 K (25 degrees C to -80 degrees C) and showed a strong dependency on the flow strength (1/2(yield strength + tensile strength)). The FCP rates of X80 BM specimen were substantially reduced with decreasing temperature from 298 K to 223 K (25 degrees C to 50 degrees C) over the entire Delta K regime, while further reduction in FCP rates was not significant with temperature from 223 K to 193 K (-50 degrees C to -80 degrees C). The FCP rates of the X80 BM and the WM specimens were comparable with each other, while the HAZ specimen showed slightly better FCP resistance than the BM and the WM specimens over the entire Delta K regime at 298 K (25 degrees C). Despite the varying microstructural characteristics of each weld location, the residual stress appeared to be a controlling factor to determine the FCP behavior. The FCP behaviors of high strength X80 steel were discussed based on the microstructural and the fractographic observations. (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2013</P>

飼草用油菜(Brassica napus subsp. oleifera)의 生産性과 飼料價値에 관한 硏究 : Ⅰ. 南部地域에 適應한 飼草用油菜의 品種選拔 Ⅰ. Selecting varieties of forage rape suitable at the southern part of Korea

安桂洙,權炳善,盧承杓,五斗一郎 순천대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

In order to obtain basic information for breeding varieties of forage rape which is suitable at the southern part of Korea, seventeen introduced varieties were grown from Sep. 1986 May 1987 at mokpo Branch Station. Crop Experiment Station, and yield components and nutrient quality of plants were observed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Forage rape cv. Velox showed higher dry matter yield than any other variety in the experiment. It showed relatively high content of crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) and low content of NDF. ADF, cellulose and lignin. Therefore, it was concluded that Velox was the most suitable variety with high yield and high nutrient quality at the southern part of Korea. 2. The heritabilities of all the observed characters but hemicellulose were estimated to be large. 3. Total dry matter yield showed highly significant positive correlations with plant length, stem diameter, number of main stem leaves, fresh yield, stem dry(DDMY). These characters mentioned above showed negative correlations with content of NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin. 4. According to the result of path coefficient analysis, characters highly correlated with total dry matter yield showed large direct effects on total dry matter yield.

Frequency Responses of Ambulatory ECG Systems and Their Correction by a Compensation Circuit

Iwao, K.,Yokoi, A.,Suzuki, S.,Goto, T.,Doniwa, K.,Okajima, M. The Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engin 1990 의공학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Frequency responses of ambulatory electrocardiogram systems were measured. Phase shift was assessed by our improved Wagner's method. The characteristics of the systems were found much worse than that of ordinary ECG equipment both in gain and phase responses. The decay of -3dB in amplitude observed in 0.2Hz and the lead of 45 dog in phase was observed in 0.6Hz. In order to investigate which of these 2 responses play major role in generating false S -T deviation, mathe- matical filters were Composed in a computer and actual ECGs were fed. The false S-T deviation were found to be caused mostly by enormous lead in phase, and then, the compensation circuit to diminish the lead in phase was inserted in the commercial systemes. The compensated systems showed no false deviation in S-T segment.

제선 더스트로부터 아연회수에 관한 연구

趙統來,宋昌彬,後藤左吉 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.12 No.2

There is Zinc present in the sludge of the Iorn and steel making process. If the Zinc in the sludge can be removed cost-effectively, then the sludge can be used as Iorn ore. The Zinc in the sludge can exist in the form of Zn or ZnFe₂O₄. Out of these two, ZnO reacts with NH₄SCN and forms Zn(SCN)₂which disolves lasily in water. However, ZnFe₂O₄does not react well with NH₄SCN and so it cannot be removed using NH₄SCN. The coke oven gas contains sulphur. The sulphur is removed using ammonia as a medium. During this process, waste liquid solution containing about 11% of NH₄SCN and about 9% of (NH₄)₂S₂O₃is produced in a large quantity. One steel mill produces about 140m3 of this waste liquid per day. This solution is simply treated as waste and thrown out. Instead of throwing it out, if we were to use this NH₄SCN solution to remove ZnO from sludge, them I can be done cheaply. This research aims to know how the NH₄SCN solution, which is produced by the gas emitted from cokes furnace, can be used to remove Zinc from the siudge cost-effectivly and to re-use the sludge as Iron ore.

Chiral BEDOT-based copolymers prepared by chemical and electrochemical polymerization

Y.S. Jeong,H. Goto,S. Iimura,T. Asano,K. Akagi 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.5

Optically active conjugated copolymers, poly[1,4-bis[2-(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl]-2,5-benzoic acid-1-methylheptyl ester] [poly(BEDOT-B(OCT.)], were synthesized by chemical and electrochemical oxidative polymerizations. Poly[BEDOT-B(OCT.)] of both(R) and (S) conguration were synthesized by introducing chiral octyloxycarbonyl group in the side chain. The dibromo com-pounds, (R)-1 and (S)-1, were prepared by Mitsunobu reaction by an esterication of (R) o r (S)-octanol and 2,5-dibromobenzoicacid with an aid of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) in tetrahydrofuran. The monomers were thenprepared with Stille coupling technique using Pd(PPh3)4Cl2 as a catalyst to produce (R)-1 and (S)-1. The monomer was electropo-lymerized onto platinum button and ITO glass electrodes by repeated scanning from. 1.0 V to +1.0 V versus Ag/Ag+ at 20 mV/s.The polymer was electrochromic and reversibly switching from purple green upon oxidation. The chemical polymerization was alsocarried out in dimethylformamide with a Ni(cod)2 catalyst. Optical absorption and circular dichroism (CD) measurements wereof chiral polymer with helicity, which can disclose a possibility toward chiralelectrochemistry.

Fatigue crack initiation and propagation behaviors of solution-treated and air-cooled Cu-6Ni-1.5Si alloy strengthened by precipitation hardening

Goto, M.,Iwamura, T.,Han, S.Z.,Kim, S.,Yamamoto, T.,Lim, S.H.,Ahn, J-H.,Kitamura, J.,Lee, J. Elsevier 2019 International journal of fatigue Vol.123 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Fatigue tests were conducted on round bar specimens of a solution-treated and air-cooled Cu-Ni-Si alloy with high solute concentrations of 6% Ni and 1.5% Si. This alloy was strengthened by disc-shaped Ni<SUB>2</SUB>Si precipitates, a few tens of nanometers in diameter, formed during air cooling. The results were compared with those of a conventional solution-treated Cu-Ni-Si alloy cooled by water quenching. The correlation between the tensile and fatigue strengths of the two alloys differed completely from the general tendency that enhanced tensile strength brings an increase in fatigue strength. Indeed, the fatigue strength of the air-cooled Cu-Ni-Si alloy was 1.1 times higher than that of the water-quenched alloy, while the tensile strength was only 75% that of the water-quenched alloy. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of the air-cooled specimens in International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) percentage points was 1.7 times higher than that of the water-quenched specimens. The physical background for the superior fatigue strength of the air-cooled Cu-Ni-Si alloy, including the role of microstructure, is discussed.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Air cooling (AC) instead of water quenching (WQ) was applied after SHT. </LI> <LI> Fatigue strength of AC specimen was 1.1 times greater than WQ one. </LI> <LI> Electrical conductivity of AC specimen was 1.7 times greater than WQ one. </LI> <LI> Superior characteristics of AC specimen was discussed based on microstructure. </LI> </UL> </P>

High-cycle fatigue strength and small-crack growth behavior of ultrafine-grained copper with post-ECAP annealing

Goto, M.,Teshima, N.,Han, S.Z.,Euh, K.,Yakushiji, T.,Kim, S.S.,Lee, J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2013 Engineering fracture mechanics Vol.110 No.-

The effects of post equal channel angular pressing annealing on microstructure and high-cycle fatigue behavior of ultrafine-grained copper were examined. Grains with sizes up to a few tens of micrometers surrounded by fine grains were formed after the annealing as a result of discontinuous recrystallization. The fatigue life of annealed samples in the short- and medium-life fields was found to decrease, while in the long-life field, the fatigue strength at 3x10<SUP>7</SUP> cycles was about 9% greater than that of ultrafine-grained copper without annealing. Long-term stressing for as-received ultrafine-grained samples produced large grains over 100μm as a result of dynamic recovery and recrystallization. For annealed samples, there were no significant differences in grain sizes between pre- and post-stressing, showing the higher stability of bimodal microstructure. This stability was related to the slightly increased fatigue strength in long life fields. The effect of bimodal microstructure on the growth behavior of small surface-cracks was discussed.

Preparation of Carbon Composite with High Oxidation Resistance by MoSi2 Dispersion

Goto, S.,Kodera, M.,Toda, S.,Fujimori, H.,Ioku, K. The Korean Ceramic Society 1999 The Korean journal of ceramics Vol.5 No.2

Carbon composites with $MoSi_2$ dispersion were prepared by hot-pressing at $1700^{\circ}C$ under 30 MPa for 1 h using polysilazance as binding material. The composites consisted of C, $Mo_{4.8}Si_3C_{0.6}$ and SiC. Bulk density and porosity of the carbon composites with 10 vol% $MoSi_2$ was 1.8g.$\textrm{cm}^{-3}$ and 34%, respectively. This composite was oxidized about 0.05mm from the surface of the carbon composite after oxidation test at $1500^{\circ}C$ for 10h in air. Formation of the $SiO_2$ glass layer was observed by SEM. When this composite suffered damage in the coating layer, it had hardly farther oxidation because of its self-repairing property. The composite prepared in this study indicated good oxidation resistance.