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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Rutkow, Lainie (검색결과 2 건)
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Rutkow, Lainie The Johns Hopkins University 2009 해외박사(DDOD)
Corporations, through their practices, products, and actions, greatly influence the health of populations. Some public health professionals have worked with individual industries to limit their ability to negatively impact the public's health. While this type of research is important, a single industry focus overlooks what may be a more general catalyst of morbidity and mortality. Most industries are composed of corporations, created by state-level law, which limit exposure to liability for their investors and managers. Corporations' structure and function allow, and possibly encourage, actions that may harm the public's health. This study was guided by three research questions: (1) According to United States law, to what extent are corporations legally required to maximize their profits?; (2) Do analyses of case studies reveal how corporations balance the drive to maximize profits with concerns about the public's health?; and (3) What strategies can public health professionals use to alter corporations' products, practices, or actions?. Legal research methods were used to respond to the first research question. For the response to the second research question, a multiple case study research design was employed. Finally, the response to the third research question relied upon findings from the analyses associated with the first two research questions; a modified version of the Haddon matrix, a framework frequently used by those who study injury prevention, served as an organizational tool for the results. In recent years, some researchers have started to study the public health impact of corporations, as opposed to specific industries, on the public's health. This study's findings will contribute to the development of this relatively young field. The study explains the extent to which corporations must maximize their profits under U.S. law, which has important implications for public health. The study then presents two case studies that examine how the drive to maximize profit can impact the public's health. Finally, the study offers strategies that can be used by public health professionals to alter corporations' behaviors.
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Persky, Diane Rutkow New York University 2010 해외박사(DDOD)
In the last three decades, the advertising industry has undergone massive consolidation, resulting in the formation of a handful of international publicly owned conglomerates, each focused on bottom line performance, rather than top line creativity. Thus, advertising executives operate in an environment that constantly presents ethical dilemmas stemming from concerns for client retention, and client demands for alternative compensation methods that are based on performance rather than media commissions. This study tested the relationships between ethical climate, sex role identity, and selected demographic (age, education, gender) and job (status, tenure, organization size) to the ethical orientation of advertising executives. The theoretical framework of the study was based on Victor and Cullen's theory of ethical climate, Sandra Bem's theory of sex role identity, and Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of cognitive moral development. The instruments that measured these variables were Victor and Cullen's Ethical Climate Questionnaire, Spence and Helmreich's Personal Attributes Questionnaire, James Rest's Defining Issues Test, and a demographic and job variables questionnaire developed by the researcher. The data collection method employed a mixed strategy that included nationally mailed surveys and convenience samples conducted at professional conferences and meetings of regional advertising clubs. This method attained a near 50% response rate. The survey is based upon 187 usable responses. Over 92% of the respondents reported an androgynous sex role type, and female advertising executives scored higher than male executives on ethical orientation, confirming previous research. Of the five Ethical Climates identified by Victor and Cullen (Professional, Rules, Caring, Instrumental, Independence), three showed some relationship to Ethical Orientation. The Instrumental climate was perceived more often by first line and middle level managers. The Caring climate was perceived more often by advertising executives in smaller agencies of 100 employees or less. There was a significant relationship between Management Level and the perception of the Caring climate. Senior level advertising executives and first line managers perceived the Caring climate more frequently than did middle level managers. The findings also indicated that older (60 years plus), more experienced employees perceived the Independence climate more than other age groups. Together, the Instrumental and Caring climates accounted for 6.3% of the variance in ethical orientation. The remaining 93.7% of the variance was unexplained. The noticeable relationship between the Caring, Instrumental, and Independence climates to ethical orientation leads to the expectation that a larger sample could have yielded more substantial relationships among these variables. This finding could inform advertising executives on the kind of ethical climate to foster in their organizations in order to advance ethical decision making.
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