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Modeling Services Liberalization: The Case of Tanzania
( Thomas F. Rutherford ),( David G. Tarr ),( Jesper Jensen ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2010 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.25 No.4
Despite economic theory and empirical literature that have shown that wide availability of business services contributes significantly to productivity gains and growth, economic modelers have been slow to meaningfully incorporate services into their models. This paper employs a 52-sector, small, open-economy computable general equilibrium model of the Tanzanian economy to assess the impact of the liberalization of regulatory barriers against foreign and domestic business service providers in Tanzania. The model incorporates foreign direct investment in services, and productivity effects in both goods and services markets endogenously through a Dixit-Stiglitz framework. The paper summarizes and builds on the surveys and policy notes of the regulatory regimes in business services in Tanzania, and estimates the ad valorem equivalent of barriers to foreign direct investment. The paper estimates significant gains to Tanzania from services reforms, especially in banking, maritime and road transportation. Decomposition exercises reveal that the largest gains will derive from liberalization of non-discriminatory regulatory barriers.
Munsamy, Ashlin,Rutherford, R. Stuart,Snyman, Sandy J.,Watt, M. Paula 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.4
A possible strategy to produce variant sugarcane plants with beneficial traits was tested by promoting somaclonal variation in vitro through the action of the hypomethylation and mutagenic agent 5-Azacytidine (Azac). Treatment of calli in liquid medium caused high levels of necrosis. Consequently, 6- to 8-week-old calli of cultivar NCo376 were exposed to 50 and $100{\mu}M$ Azac in semi-solid callus induction medium (CIM) (MS salts and vitamins, sucrose, casein hydrolysate, agar, with or without $3mgl^{-1}$ 2,4-D) for 1 week. They were then transferred to fresh CIM with 2,4-D and to CIM without 2,4-D, for 2 and 8-10 weeks, respectively. The highest callus necrosis ([60 %) and reduced recovery (\40 %) were recorded for calli treated with $100{\mu}M$ Azac without 2,4-D, which also resulted in lower plant yield (12 plantlets/0.2 g calli) than the control (18 plantlets/0.2 g calli). From methylation-sensitive amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses, the highest polymorphisms (4.2 %) were also obtained from plants derived from the $100{\mu}M$ Azac treatment without 2,4-D. After 9 months of field growth, Azac-derived plants exhibited phenotypic differences compared with the controls. Ex vitro screening resulted in the identification of one plant from the $100{\mu}M$ Azac with 2,4-D treatment putatively tolerant to smut, and three plants from the $100{\mu}M$ Azac with 2,4-D and one from the $50{\mu}M$ Azac with 2,4-D treatments, potentially tolerant to the herbicide imazapyr.
Review of the Cervical Cancer Burden and Population-Based Cervical Cancer Screening in China
Di, Jiangli,Rutherford, Shannon,Chu, Cordia Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.17
Cervical cancer continues to be a serious public health problem in the developing world, including China. Because of its large population with geographical and socioeconomic inequities, China has a high burden of cervical cancer and important disparities among different regions. In this review, we first present an overview of the cervical cancer incidence and mortality over time, and focus on diversity and disparity in access to care for various subpopulations across geographical regions and socioeconomic strata in China. Then, we describe population-based cervical cancer screening in China, and in particular implementation of the National Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rural Areas (NACCSPRA) and the challenges that this program faces. These include low screening coverage, shortage of qualified health care personnel and limited funds. To improve prevention of cervical cancer and obtain better cancer outcomes, the Chinese government needs to urgently consider the following key factors: reducing disparities in health care access, collecting accurate and broadly representative data in cancer registries, expanding target population size and increasing allocation of government funding for training of personnel, improving health education for women, enhancing quality control of screening services and improving a system to increase follow up for women with positive results.
Harrison, Glenn W.,Rutherford, Thomas F.,Tarr, David G. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1996 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.11 No.3
We model the effects of completion of the internal market in the European Union on trade, production and market structure. The impetus for change comes from the removal of border costs, as well as increased competition from the greater ability of EU buyers to substitute among the products of different EU producers. In turn, this increased competition arises from the single market program on standards, government procurement, and dynamic learning effects. Removing the border costs results in relatively small welfare gains. Increased competition more than doubles the estimated benefits, and the steady state growth effect more than quadruples the welfare gains.
Sales People as Emotional Laborers: Psychological And Behavioral Outcomes
박정근,유원상,Brian Rutherford 한국마케팅학회 2015 ASIA MARKETING JOURNAL Vol.16 No.4
Ever since Hochschild (1983) introduced the concept of emotional labor in the workplace, it has constantly interested researchers due to its impact on employees’ well-being as well as organizational outcomes. However, a thorough understanding of emotional labor and its relationship with various outcomes in sales people is not yet realized. In a systemic approach to the concept using quantitative methods is still necessary. The present study treats emotional labor as two factors (e.g. emotive dissonance and emotive effort). The psychological and behavioral outcomes of each sub-construct of emotional labor are investigated within a parsimonious framework. The findings suggest that emotional dissonance affected job satisfaction, while emotive effort had a significant influence on emotional exhaustion and job performance.