Highly Efficient Bienzyme Functionalized Biocompatible Nanostructured Nickel Ferrite–Chitosan Nanocomposite Platform for Biomedical Application

Singh, Jay,Roychoudhury, Appan,Srivastava, Manish,Chaudhary, Vidhi,Prasanna, Radha,Lee, Dong Won,Lee, Seung Hee,Malhotra, B. D. American Chemical Society 2013 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.117 No.16

<P>A new hybrid nanocomposite based on hydrothermally synthesized nanostructured NiFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> (<I>n</I>-NiFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>) and chitosan (CH) has been explored for bienzyme (cholesterol esterase (ChEt) and cholesterol oxidase (ChOx)) immobilization for application as total cholesterol biosensor. Results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) studies demonstrate that the ChEt–ChOx/<I>n</I>-NiFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>–CH composite film is successfully synthesized. The obtained ChEt–ChOx/<I>n</I>-NiFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>–CH nanocomposite film shows large specific area, high conductivity, good biocompatibility, fast redox properties and improved antimicrobial activity. The fabricated ChEt–ChOx/<I>n</I>-NiFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>–CH/ITO bioelectrode exhibits largely improved amperometric biosensing performance, i.e., good linearity (5–400 mg/dL), low detection limit (24.46 mg/dL cm<SUP>–2</SUP>), high sensitivity of 1.73 μA/(mg/dL cm<SUP>–2</SUP>), fast response time of 15s, reproducibility of more than 15 times, shelf life of about 90 days and low Michaelis–Menten constant (<I>K</I><SUB><I>m</I></SUB>) value as 7.05 mg/dL (0.1825 mM). Furthermore, this modified bioelectrode has been utilized for estimation of total cholesterol in human serum samples. This efficient strategy provides new insight into the design of novel flexible electrodes for a wide range of applications in biosensing, bioelectronics, and clinical applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2013/jpccck.2013.117.issue-16/jp312698g/production/images/medium/jp-2012-12698g_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp312698g'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Optical and electro-catalytic studies of nanostructured thulium oxide for vitamin C detection

Singh, J.,Srivastava, M.,Roychoudhury, A.,Lee, D.W.,Lee, S.H.,Malhotra, B.D. Elsevier Sequoia 2013 Journal of alloys and compounds Vol.578 No.-

In this report, the nanostructured thulium oxide (Tm<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) has been prepared using the hydrothermal process without using any template and further heat treatment. The crystalline structure and morphology of prepared sample have been determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques. The optical properties of prepared sample have been examined by ultra-violet (UV-Vis), photoluminescence (PL), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. Furthermore, Tm<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles have been electrophoretically deposited (EPD) onto indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass substrate and utilized for electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA). The electro-catalytic behavior of Tm<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/ITO and bare ITO electrodes for AA electro-oxidation has been studied by cyclic voltammetry. Catalytic oxidation peak current shows a linear dependence on the AA concentration and a linear calibration curve is obtained in the concentration range of 0.2-8mM of AA. The obtained results indicate that the nanostructured Tm<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> based electrode offers an efficient strategy and a new promising platform for application of the rare earth metal oxide material in electrochemistry and bioelectronics.

Emerging techniques to decipher microRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory role in conferring abiotic stress tolerance of plants

Aditya Banerjee,Aryadeep Roychoudhury,S. Krishnamoorthi 한국식물생명공학회 2016 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.10 No.4

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a distinct class of non-coding, small regulatory RNAs which have evolved significantly in generating abiotic stress tolerance across a variety of model plants and crop species. These miRNAs, while undergoing post-transcriptional modifications, have often been found to be linked with epigenetic regulations of stress-responsive gene expression. The discovery of isomers of miRNAs (isomiRs) is also a remarkable event, as some schools of scientists believe them to be regulatory molecules distinct from the conventional miRNAs. The link between isomiRs and abiotic stress responses in plants is now a field of intense research. In this review, we have highlighted the mechanism of various tools and techniques which are essential to visualize high-throughput data analysis. Such data are required for generating large-scale libraries of small RNAs, from which stress-responsive miRNAs are conventionally screened. The concluding part of the review especially contains an exhaustive discussion on the recent developments of miRNA-mediated tolerance towards multiple stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, salinity, drought, oxidative stress, hypoxia, temperature stress, radiation, and heavy metal toxicity. Both transgenic as well as miRNAome approaches have been focussed in this section of the review.

Puberty Related Changes in Hormonal Levels, Productive Performance, Carcass Traits, and Their Interactions in Slovakian White Gilts

Kolesarova, A.,Sirotkin, A.V.,Roychoudhury, S.,Capcarova, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.2

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the levels of hormones (progesterone, IGF-I and IGFBP-3) in blood plasma, growth, carcass traits and their interactions of sexually immature (n = 18) and sexually mature (n = 17) gilts. To calculate average daily weight gain (ADG), gilts were individually weighed at the beginning of the trial and at slaughter (110${\pm}$10 days old). Blood concentrations of progesterone, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were determined by RIA. The right hot carcass sides were dissected and the individual basic parts from carcasses were weighed to record the carcass traits. IGFBP-3, ADG and carcass traits were not affected by pubertal maturation. Compared to sexually immature gilts, mature gilts had higher blood concentrations of progesterone and IGF-I. High correlations were noted between levels of some hormonal substances, productive performance and carcass traits of sexually immature and mature gilts.

Alteration in Leukocyte Subsets and Expressions of FcγR and Complement Receptors among Female Ragpickers in Eastern India

Mondal, Nandan K.,Siddique, Shabana,Banerjee, Madhuchanda,Roychoudhury, Sanghita,Mukherjee, Sayali,Slaughter, Mark S.,Lahiri, Twisha,Ray, Manas R. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2017 Safety and health at work Vol.8 No.2

Background: There are a million ragpickers in India who gather and trade recyclable municipal solid wastes materials for a living. The objective of this study was to examine whether their occupation adversely affects their immunity. Methods: Seventy-four women ragpickers (median age, 30 years) and 65 age-matched control housemaids were enrolled. Flow cytometry was used to measure leukocyte subsets, and leukocyte expressions of $Fc{\gamma}$ receptor I (CD64), $Fc{\gamma}RIII$ (CD16), complement receptor 1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b/CD18), and CD14. Serum total immunoglobulin-E was estimated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Compared with the controls, ragpickers had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher levels of CD8-T-cytotoxic, CD16+CD56+natural killer, and CD4+CD45RO+memory T-cells, but depleted levels of CD19+B-cells. The percentage of CD4+T-helper-cells was lower than the control group (p < 0.0001), but their absolute number was relatively unchanged (p = 0.42) due to 11% higher lymphocyte counts in ragpickers. In ragpickers, the percentages of CD14+CD16+intermediate and CD14dim CD16+nonclassical monocyte subsets were elevated with a decline in CD14+CD16-classical monocytes. The expressions of CD64, CD16, CD35, and CD11b/CD18 on both monocytes and neutrophils, and CD14 on monocytes were significantly higher in ragpickers. In addition, ragpickers had 2.7-times more serum immunoglobulin-E than the controls (p < 0.0001). After controlling potential confounders, the profession of ragpicking was positively associated with the changes. Conclusion: Ragpicking is associated with alterations in both innate (neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cell numbers and expression of complement and $Fc{\gamma}$ receptors) and adaptive immunity (numbers of circulating B cells, helper, cytotoxic, and memory T cells).

Multidetector computed tomography in preoperative planning for temporomandibular joint ankylosis: A pictorial review and proposed structured reporting format

Singh, Rashmi,Bhalla, Ashu Seith,Manchanda, Smita,Roychoudhury, Ajoy Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2021 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.51 No.3

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a disabling disease resulting from fibrous or bony fusion of the mandibular condyle and the glenoid fossa. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment are essential to prevent facial deformity and other complications. Conventional radiography has limitations in demonstrating the true extent of ankylosis. It is important for surgeons to be aware of the size and degree of bony ankylosis in order to perform complete resection of the ankylotic mass. In addition, a detailed evaluation of the relationship with adjacent vital structures such as the internal maxillary artery, inferior alveolar nerve canal, external auditory canal, and skull base are crucial to avoid iatrogenic injury. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is the current imaging modality of choice for preoperative assessments. Herein, the authors propose a structured CT reporting template for TMJ ankylosis to strengthen the value of the preoperative imaging report and to reduce the rates of intraoperative complications and recurrence.

Reduction of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis are Associated with Shrinkage of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma due to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Sarkar, Shreya,Maiti, Guru Prasad,Jha, Jayesh,Biswas, Jaydip,Roy, Anup,Roychoudhury, Susanta,Sharp, Tyson,Panda, Chinmay Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a treatment modality whereby chemotherapy is used as the initial treatment of HNSCC in patients presenting with advanced cancer that cannot be treated by other means. It leads to shrinkage of tumours to an operable size without significant compromise to essential oro-facial organs of the patients. The molecular mechanisms behind shrinkage due to NACT is not well elucidated. Materials and Methods: Eleven pairs of primary HNSCCs and adjacent normal epithelium, before and after chemotherapy were screened for cell proliferation and apoptosis. This was followed by immunohistochemical analysis of some cell cycle (LIMD1, RBSP3, CDC25A, CCND1, cMYC, RB, pRB), DNA repair (MLH1, p53) and apoptosis (BAX, BCL2) associated proteins in the same set of samples. Results: Significant decrease in proliferation index and increase in apoptotic index was observed in post-therapy tumors compared to pre-therapy. Increase in the RB/pRB ratio, along with higher expression of RBSP3 and LIMD1 and lower expression of cMYC were observed in post-therapy tumours, while CCND1 and CDC25A remained unchanged. While MLH1 remained unchanged, p53 showed higher expression in post-therapy tumors, indicating inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Increase in the BAX/BCL2 ratio was observed in post-therapy tumours, indicating up-regulation of apoptosis in response to therapy. Conclusions: Thus, modulation of the G1/S cell cycle regulatory proteins and apoptosis associated proteins might play an important role in tumour shrinkage due to NACT.

Alteration in Leukocyte Subsets and Expressions of FcγR and Complement Receptors among Female Ragpickers in Eastern India

Nandan K. Mondal,Shabana Siddique,Madhuchanda Banerjee,Sanghita Roychoudhury,Sayali Mukherjee,Mark S. Slaughter,Twisha Lahiri,Manas R. Ray 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2017 Safety and health at work Vol.8 No.2

Background There are a million ragpickers in India who gather and trade recyclable municipal solid wastes materials for a living. The objective of this study was to examine whether their occupation adversely affects their immunity. Methods Seventy-four women ragpickers (median age, 30 years) and 65 age-matched control housemaids were enrolled. Flow cytometry was used to measure leukocyte subsets, and leukocyte expressions of Fcγ receptor I (CD64), FcγRIII (CD16), complement receptor 1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b/CD18), and CD14. Serum total immunoglobulin-E was estimated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with the controls, ragpickers had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher levels of CD8+T-cytotoxic, CD16+CD56+natural killer, and CD4+CD45RO+memory T-cells, but depleted levels of CD19+B-cells. The percentage of CD4+T-helper-cells was lower than the control group (p < 0.0001), but their absolute number was relatively unchanged (p = 0.42) due to 11% higher lymphocyte counts in ragpickers. In ragpickers, the percentages of CD14+CD16+intermediate and CD14dim CD16+nonclassical monocyte subsets were elevated with a decline in CD14+CD16-classical monocytes. The expressions of CD64, CD16, CD35, and CD11b/CD18 on both monocytes and neutrophils, and CD14 on monocytes were significantly higher in ragpickers. In addition, ragpickers had 2.7-times more serum immunoglobulin-E than the controls (p < 0.0001). After controlling potential confounders, the profession of ragpicking was positively associated with the changes. Conclusion Ragpicking is associated with alterations in both innate (neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cell numbers and expression of complement and Fcγ receptors) and adaptive immunity (numbers of circulating B cells, helper, cytotoxic, and memory T cells).

Randomized controlled trial to compare oral analgesic requirements and patient satisfaction in using oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs versus benzydamine hydrochloride oral rinses after mandibular third molar extraction: a pilot study

Goswami, Devalina,Jain, Gaurav,Mohod, Mangesh,Baidya, Dalim Kumar,Bhutia, Ongkila,Roychoudhury, Ajoy The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2018 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.18 No.1

Background: Third molar extraction is associated with considerable pain and discomfort, which is mostly managed with oral analgesic medication. We assessed the analgesic effect of benzydamine hydrochloride, a topical analgesic oral rinse, for controlling postoperative pain following third molar extraction. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 40 patients divided into two groups, for extraction of fully erupted third molar. Groups A received benzydamine hydrochloride mouthwash and group B received normal saline gargle with oral ibuprofen and paracetamol. Oral ibuprofen and paracetamol was the rescue analgesic drug in group A. Patients were evaluated on the $3^{rd}$ and $7^{th}$ post-operative days (POD) for pain using the visual analogue score (VAS), trismus, total number of analgesics consumed, and satisfaction level of patients. Results: The VAS in groups A and B on POD3 and POD7 was $4.55{\pm}2.54$ and $3.95{\pm}1.8$, and $1.2{\pm}1.64$ and $0.95{\pm}1.14$, respectively and was statistically insignificant. The number of analgesics consumed in groups A and B on POD3 ($5.25{\pm}2.22$ and $6.05{\pm}2.43$) was not statistically different from that consumed on POD7 ($9.15{\pm}5.93$ and $10.65{\pm}6.46$). The p values for trismus on POD3 and POD7 were 0.609 and 0.490, respectively and those for patient satisfaction level on POD3 and POD7 were 0.283 and 0.217, respectively. Conclusions: Benzydamine hydrochloride oral rinses do not significantly reduce intake of oral analgesics and are inadequate for pain relief following mandibular third molar extraction.

Reduced Expression of Limd1 in Ulcerative Oral Epithelium Associated with Tobacco and Areca Nut

Maiti, Guru Prasad,Ghosh, Amlan,Chatterjee, Ramdas,Roy, Anup,Sharp, Tyson V.,Roychoudhury, Susanta,Panda, Chinmay Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

Purpose: The aim of this study was to cast light on initiating molecular events associated with the development of premalignant oral lesions induced by tobacco and/or areca nut. Method: Immunohistochemical analyses of cell cycle regulatory proteins (LIMD1, RBSP3, p16, RB, phosphorylated RB, p53), EGFR and SH3GL2 (EGFR associated protein) were performed with inflammatory/ulcerative epithelium and adjacent hyperplastic/mild dysplastic lesions. Results: No change in expression of the proteins was seen in inflammatory epithelium. Reduced nuclear expression of LIMD1 was evident in ulcerative epithelium. In hyperplastic lesions, reduced expression of RBSP3, p16, SH3GL2 and overexpression of p-RB and EGFR were apparent. Reduced nuclear expression of p53 was observed in mild dysplastic lesions. Conclusion: Our data suggest that inactivation of LIMD1 in ulcerative epithelium might predispose the tissues to alterations of other cell cycle regulatory and EGFR signaling proteins needed for the development of premalignant oral lesions.