<부록> 『예수셩교문답』 (1885년 판본) 전문

John Ross 한국교회사학회 2023 韓國敎會史學會誌 Vol.66 No.-

소련의 지방자치 : 집행 및 통제상의 문제 Problem of Implementation and Control

Ross, Cameron 연세대학교 도시문제연구소 1991 地域社會開發論叢 Vol.2 No.-

Cameron Ross, Local Government in the Soviet Union: Problems of Implementation and control, Croom Helm, London & Sydney, 1987.

로스 킹(Ross King) - 서울: 기억, 재탄생, 한류 -

로스 킹(Ross King),최성진(Sung Jin Choi) 국토연구원 2016 국토 : planning and policy Vol.418 No.-

A CULTURALAND SOCIALIZATION UNDERSTANDING OF CONSUMER SHOPPING MOTIVES IN THE CREATION OF STORE ATTACHMENT

Jong-Kuk Shin,MinKyung Moon,Min-Sook Park,Corey Allen Ross,Yong Ju 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2017 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2017 No.07

Socialization agents are an important aspect of a consumer's tool set for determining how they interact with the market environment. These agents are traditionally thought to be members of one's family, peers, and mass media (Bush, Smith, and Martin 1999; John 1999). Research as shown how socialization agents play an important role in marketing research and how they affect attitude formation (Shin, Ross, and Moon, 2015) and brand/store switching behaviors (Shin, Park, and Ross, 2012). Culture defines social norms and forms what are acceptable or even desirable consumption goods within a society (Kaltcheva and Weitz, 2006). Through this definition, one can assume that culture likely has significant influences on a consumer’s shopping motives. Previous researches have attempted to divide culture into dimensions of vertical/horizontal and collectivism/individualism; where vertical individualism is made up of individuals who attempt to stand out from others in their uniqueness via competitive natures, a focus on success and achievements, and acquisition of power; horizontal individualism consists of individuals who tend to shun successful people as boasters and consider values of modesty respectable while retaining their individuality and personal goals apart from comparing to others around them; vertical collectivists are those who recognize a hierarchal form of society and seek to maintain the consistency of traditional authority structures within it; and horizontal collectivists hold views less related to hierarchal recognition and more related to values of equal cooperation with an honest and direct demeanor (Shavitt, Lalwani, Zhang, and Torelli, 2006; Kurman and Sriram, 2002; Triandris and Gelfland, 1998). However, the operational items utilized in research surveys, while successful in the west, such as in the U.S., have struggled to stand out and show significance in the Korean society. This research attempts to provide more useful survey items that embrace each aspect of culture type more clearly in order to reach levels of significance and distinction that are sorely needed in this field. In South Korea, which is thought to be a predominantly collectivist culture (Hofstede, 2001; Rhee, Uleman, and Lee, 1996), a study of discount shoppers found they are inclined to shop for the purpose of socialization either because they enjoy being in a crowd or to compare their current social status level with other shoppers in the same store (Jin and Kim, 2003). Collectivist consumers tend to shop with others among their social circles and spend more time shopping (Ackerman and Tellis, 2001). Consumers that spend more time shopping are more proactive in obtaining information while they are shopping (Bellenger and Korgaonkar, 1980). Risk averse shoppers attempt to increase their market knowledge (Mano and Elliott, 1997), and collectivists are thought to be more risk averse and attempt to avoid risk through various methods, such as price signaling (Shannon and Mandhachitara, 2008). In China, a largely collectivist society, consumers are quite price conscious and focused on thrifty spending habits (Kim, Forsythe, Gu, and Moon, 2002; Zhang, 2001; Weidenbaum, 1996), and they are more likely to engage in obtaining product information during shopping ventures than their individualist American counterparts (Ackerman and Tellis, 2001). Jin and Kim (2003) suggested that Korean shoppers are socially motivated to shop in order to compare their levels of accomplishments with other shoppers in the same venues. This falls in line with a competitive nature distinct in vertical culture types. Verticality in culture values is related to competition and moving up the social latter, while horizontal cultural values denote a more cooperative and passive stance on standing out (Triandis and Gelfand, 1998). It seems logical to assume that vertical culture values tend toward more hedonistic values rather than utilitarian. Utilitarian shoppers are more concerned about price competitiveness and convenience when shopping (Jin and Kim, 2003), implying that individuals of a horizontal cultural nature are more concerned with price comparison and the places that conveniently provide them with information needed to make purchase decisions in the store rather than through external information search, such as through social interactions. When shoppers lack socialization agents or collective cultures to help them make purchase decisions, they must turn to the stores themselves for assistance and information acquisition. Studies have shown that a lack of social interaction creates feelings of loneliness in elderly shoppers, whom will then turn to various mall shopping motivations, such as service consumption and diversion, in order to alleviate their loneliness (Kim, Kang, and Kim, 2005). This suggests that the shopping motivation to interact with service personnel in stores acts as a substitute for situations where socialization agents are lacking. Shopping malls have been shown to be help mitigate feelings of social isolation and emotional disconnect from society (Forman and Sriram, 1991; Mochis, 1996; Kang and Ridgway, 1996). As collectivists tend to highly desire social interactions for a variety of reasons, it is quite likely that such interactions will be a driving factor for their motivation to shop, especially when they lack the appropriate socialization agents that will provide the means to give such interactions outside of the market. Customer satisfaction leads customers to stronger emotional attachments to the stores they are satisfied with, implying that individuals form social bonds with the stores themselves; and this, in turn, increases the likelihood of these individuals becoming regular patrons (Shin and Park, 2014). There are a variety of shopping motives that have been used for studies in previous researches. In this research, we take a look at the motivations of social interaction (Tauber, 1972), information seeking (Bellenger and Korgaonkar, 1980), and price comparison (Groeppel-Klein, Thelen, and Antretter, 1999), and how they are affected by socialization agents, both personal and non-personal, as well as culture type and how they influence an individual's likelihood of emotional attachment to stores.

The interdependence of coaches’ and athletes’ perceptions and satisfaction with performance

Ross Lorimer 한국코칭능력개발원 2011 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.5 No.2

This study investigated the interdependence of coaches’ and athletes’ perceptions of the athletes’ performance and their association with coaches’ and athletes’ satisfaction with the athletes’ performance. One-hundred coach-athlete dyads completed the performance subscale of the Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (Riemer & Chelladurai, 1998) and the performance subscale of the Elite Athlete Self-Description Questionnaire (Marsh, Hey, Johnson, & Perry, 1997). The results of a structural equation model analysis indicated a level of interdependence between the paired coach and athlete variables. There was a significant association between individual’s own perceptions of performance and satisfaction with performance. Additionally, coaches’ perceptions of performance were significantly associated with athletes’ satisfaction with performance, whereas athletes’ perceptions of performance were not associated with coaches’ satisfaction with performance. These results are discussed based on issues they raise for theory and practice.

CONTENTS : ARTICLES ; Ditching "Diglossia": Describing Ecologies of the Spoken and Inscribed in Pre-modern Korea

( Ross King ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2015 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.15 No.1

This paper critiques previous research about the relationship between speech and writing in East Asia in general, and in Korea in particular, with a view to two questions of terminology: how to refer to the complex ecology of spoken and written language in pre-20th century Korea, and how to refer to the broader East Asian cultural formation of which Korea was a part. Following the seminal work of Sheldon Pollock on the ‘Sanskrit Cosmopolis,’ the author proposes the term ‘Sinographic Cosmopolis’ for the regions of East Asia that used Literary Sinitic and sinographs, and presents arguments suggesting that the term ‘diglossia’ has little or no utility in discussing ecologies of speech and writing, whether in pre-modern Korea or in the broader Sinographic Cosmopolis.

Association of brain heptachlor epoxide and other organochlorine compounds with lewy pathology

Ross, G. Webster,Abbott, Robert D.,Petrovitch, Helen,Duda, John E.,Tanner, Caroline M.,Zarow, Chris,Uyehara‐,Lock, Jane H.,Masaki, Kamal H.,Launer, Lenore J.,Studabaker, William B.,White, Lon R. John Wiley Sons, Inc. 2019 Movement disorders Vol.34 No.2

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Organochlorine pesticides are associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. A preliminary analysis from the Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study suggested that heptachlor epoxide, a metabolite from an organochlorine pesticide extensively used in Hawaii, may be especially important. This was a cross sectional analysis to evaluate the association of heptachlor epoxide and other organochlorine compounds with Lewy pathology in an expanded survey of brain organochlorine residues from the longitudinal Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Organochlorines were measured in frozen occipital or temporal lobes in 705 brains using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Lewy pathology was identified using hematoxylin and eosin‐ and α‐synuclein immunochemistry‐stained sections from multiple brain regions.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The prevalence of Lewy pathology was nearly doubled in the presence versus the absence of heptachlor epoxide (30.1% versus 16.3%, <I>P</I> < 0.001). Although associations with other compounds were weaker, hexachlorobenzene (<I>P</I> = 0.003) and α‐chlordane (<I>P</I> = 0.007) were also related to Lewy pathology. Most of the latter associations, however, were a result of confounding from heptachlor epoxide. Neither compound was significantly related to Lewy pathology after adjustment for heptachlor epoxide. In contrast, the association of heptachlor epoxide with Lewy pathology remained significant after adjustments for hexachlorobenzene (<I>P</I> = 0.013) or α‐chlordane (<I>P</I> = 0.005). Findings were unchanged after removal of cases of PD and adjustment for age and other characteristics.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Organochlorine pesticides are associated with the presence of Lewy pathology in the brain, even after exclusion of PD cases. Although most of the association is through heptachlor epoxide, the role of other organochlorine compounds is in need of clarification. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society</P>

Blagoslovennoe: Korean Village on the Amur, 1871-1937

Ross King The Academy of Korean Studies 2001 THE REVIEW OF KOREAN STUDIES Vol.4 No.2

Pre-Imjin Kugyŏl Sources in North American Library Collections

Ross King 구결학회 2010 구결연구 Vol.25 No.-

본 논문은 해외에 소장된 한국 고서 중 구결기호가 기입된 것을 소개하여 구결연구자료에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히는 데에 목적을 두고 있다. 지리적으로 북미의 주요 학술도서관 소장자료를, 시기적으로 훈민정음 창제와 반포 이후의 자료 중 16세기 말에 일어난 두 차례의 왜란 이전의 자료를 중심으로 조사하였다. 조사의 상한선을 고려시대로 정하여 고려구결자료까지 포함시키려 하였으나, 아쉽게도 북미소장 구결자료들 중 고려자료는 찾지 못했다. 본 연구자가 방문한 도서관은 남가주 클레어몬트대 특별자료 도서관의 프레데릭 맥코믹 한국장서, 프린스턴대 도서관, 뉴욕공립도서관, 예일대의 바이니키 귀중본 및 필사본 도서관, 미국립문서기록보관소, 미국의회도서관, 버클리대학의 C. V. 스타 동아시아도서관 아사미문고, 하버드대 연경도서관, 시카고대 도서관, 하와이대 해밀턴 도서관, 콜롬비아대 C. V. 스타 동아시아 도서관이다. 각각의 도서관에 모두 한국고서가 소장되어 있으나, 그 중 구결자료가 소장된 곳은 네 곳으로, 미국의회도서관, 하버드대 연경도서관, 아사미 문고, 그리고 콜롬비아의 C. V. 스타 동아시아 도서관이다. This paper is a preliminary attempt to fill a double gap in current research on Korean kugy?l glosses and the texts that carry them. First is its geographic focus on materials located in major North American research libraries. Second is its focus on kugy?l materials post-dating the invention and promulgation of the hunmin chong' m in the mid-15th century, and especially those kugy?l materials thought to have originated before the Hideyoshi invasions of 1592-1598, this period at the end of the 16th century being the widely accepted rule of thumb cut-off point between 'Late Middle Korean' and 'Early Modern Korean'. I would gladly have extended the focus of the paper into the Kory? period and Kory?-era kugy?l materials in North American collections, but unfortunately, no such materials appear to exist. The library collections either consulted or visited as part of this research project are many: the Frederick McCormick Korean Collection held by Special Collections of the Libraries of The Claremont Colleges in southern California (see Boltz 1985); Princeton University Library; the New York Public Library; the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University; the US National Archives; the US Library of Congress; the C. V. Starr East Asian Library at the University of California-Berkeley; the Harvard-Yenching Library at Harvard University; the University of Chicago Library; the Hamilton Library at the University of Hawaii-Manoa; and the C. V. Starr East Asian Library at Columbia University. While all of these libraries contain in their holdings some old (Chos?n) Korean editions, only four proved to have any pre-Imjin editions with kugy?l annotations: (1) the US Library of Congress, (2) the Harvard-Yenching Library, (3) the Asami Collection at the C. V. Starr East Asian Library at the University of California-Berkeley, and the C. V. Starr East Asian Library at Columbia University. This paper introduces these materials in order, and points out possible directions for continued research on kugy?l materials held in North America.

Proangiogenic alginate-g-pyrrole hydrogel with decoupled control of mechanical rigidity and electrically conductivity

Ross J. DeVolder,서용범,공현준 한국생체재료학회 2017 생체재료학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Background: An electrically conductive hydrogel has emerged to regulate cellular secretion activities with electrical stimulation. However, the electrical conductivity of typical hydrogel systems decreases with increasing elastic modulus of the hydrogels because of decreased transport of ions through a polymeric cross-linked mesh. Method: This study hypothesized that the inverse dependency between electrical conductivity and elastic modulus would be made through the cross-linking of conductive monomer-units conjugated to a hydrophilic polymeric backbone. This hypothesis was examined through the cross-linking of pyrrole groups that were conjugated to an alginate backbone, termed alginate-g-pyrrole. Results: Hydrogels with increased degrees of pyrrole substitution exhibited a simultaneous increase in the gels mechanical rigidity and electrical conductivity. The resulting hydrogel could control the adhesion and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion of cells via applied electrical stimulation. Conclusions: This material design principle will be broadly useful to fabricating materials used for various actuation, cell culture, and biomedical applications.