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Runoff Losses of Suspended Sediment, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus from a Small Watershed in Korea
Chun, Jong A.,Cooke, Richard A.,Kang, Moon S.,Choi, Minha,Timlin, Dennis,Park, Seung W. Wiley (John WileySons) 2010 Journal of environmental quality Vol.39 No.3
<P>Nutrients and sediments in runoff lead to the degradation of water quality of lakes and streams. The development of schemes to mitigate such degradation requires a characterization of the underlying transport processes. The objectives of this study were to develop annual and seasonal load-discharge relationships for suspended sediment (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) losses from a small mixed land use watershed and to use these relationships to explicate the annual and monthly patterns of losses of these species. Data from 1996 to 2004 were used to develop load-discharge relationships for SS, TN, and TP at the HP#6 watershed, a subwatershed of the Balhan reservoir watershed located in Bongdam-myun and Paltan-myun, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Standard least squares curve fitting and S-estimation procedures were used to fit power functions to the data collected over this time period. The fitted load-discharge relationships are indicative of seasonal variations in SS and TN and of TP losses from HP#6. The exponents of the fitted power functions for TN and TP in the fall, for TP in summer season, and for SS in all seasons are >1, indicating that the concentrations of these species increase as flow rate increases. Most of the SS, TN, and TP transported in runoff left the watershed between April and September; thus, cost-efficient strategies can be established by focusing on this period. Further study of the seasonal variations is required for a better characterization of seasonal losses of SS, TN, and TP in runoff from the HP#6 watershed.</P>
Towards a revised base wind speed map for the United Kingdom
Miller, Craig A.,Cook, Nicholas J.,Barnard, Richard H. Techno-Press 2001 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.4 No.3
Observations of extreme wind speeds in the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1980, corrected for the influence of upwind ground roughness and topography, have been analysed using the recently-developed "Improved Method of Independent Storms" (IMIS). The results have been used to compile two new maps of base wind speed and to confirm the climatic factors in current use. One map is 'irrespective' of wind direction and the other is 'equally weighted' by direction. The 'equally weighted' map is expected to be more consistently reliable and appropriate for use with the climatic factors for the design of buildings and structures.
Hantavirus in Northern Short-tailed Shrew, United States
Arai, Satoru,Song, Jin-Won,Sumibcay, Laarni,Bennett, Shannon N.,Nerurkar, Vivek R.,Parmenter, Cheryl,Cook, Joseph A.,Yates, Terry L.,Yanagihara, Richard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2007 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.13 No.9
<P>Phylogenetic analyses, based on partial medium- and large-segment sequences, support an ancient evolutionary origin of a genetically distinct hantavirus detected by reverse transcription–PCR in tissues of northern short-tailed shrews (<I>Blarina brevicauda</I>) captured in Minnesota in August 1998. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of hantaviruses harbored by shrews in the Americas.</P>