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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Ravera, Silvia (검색결과 2 건)
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M. Riveras,E. Ravera,A. F. Shaheen,D. Ewins,P. Catalfamo-Formento 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.2
This study aimed at evaluating spatiotemporal parameters (STP) and symmetry index (SI), commonly used for evaluating amputee gait for routine clinical use, in individuals with unilateral transtibial amputations wearing energy storage and return (ESAR) feet with fixed ankles, prosthetic feet with adaptive ankles (PFAA) and prosthetic feet with microcontrolled adaptive ankles (PFAA-MC) in ramp ascent and descent. Thirteen individuals with transtibial amputations walked up and down a ramp. The STPs were measured in the amputated and intact legs and the relationship between them was quantified using the SI. The results showed that the use of PFAA-MC decreases walking speed in ramp descent (P ≤ 0.018). However, this was the only parameter that showed a significant change. Hence, the differences in the amputees' gait pattern when using the above-mentioned prostheses may not be reflected by STP and their SI.
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The Arabidopsis vacuolar malate channel is a member of the ALMT family
Kovermann, Peter,Meyer, Stefan,Hö,rtensteiner, Stefan,Picco, Cristiana,Scholz-Starke, Joachim,Ravera, Silvia,Lee, Youngsook,Martinoia, Enrico Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 The Plant journal Vol.52 No.6
<P>Summary</P><P>In plants, malate is a central metabolite and fulfills a large number of functions. Vacuolar malate may reach very high concentrations and fluctuate rapidly, whereas cytosolic malate is kept at a constant level allowing optimal metabolism. Recently, a vacuolar malate transporter (<I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I> tonoplast dicarboxylate transporter, <I>At</I>tDT) was identified that did not correspond to the well-characterized vacuolar malate channel. We therefore hypothesized that a member of the aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT) gene family could code for a vacuolar malate channel. Using GFP fusion constructs, we could show that <I>At</I>ALMT9 (<I>A. thaliana</I> ALMT9) is targeted to the vacuole. Promoter-GUS fusion constructs demonstrated that this gene is expressed in all organs, but is cell-type specific as GUS activity in leaves was detected nearly exclusively in mesophyll cells. Patch-clamp analysis of an <I>Atalmt9</I> T-DNA insertion mutant exhibited strongly reduced vacuolar malate channel activity. In order to functionally characterize <I>At</I>ALMT9 as a malate channel, we heterologously expressed this gene in tobacco and in oocytes. Overexpression of <I>At</I>ALMT9-GFP in <I>Nicotiana benthamiana</I> leaves strongly enhanced the malate current densities across the mesophyll tonoplasts. Functional expression of <I>At</I>ALMT9 in <I>Xenopus</I> oocytes induced anion currents, which were clearly distinguishable from endogenous oocyte currents. Our results demonstrate that <I>At</I>ALMT9 is a vacuolar malate channel. Deletion mutants for <I>At</I>ALMT9 exhibit only slightly reduced malate content in mesophyll protoplasts and no visible phenotype, indicating that <I>At</I>tDT and the residual malate channel activity are sufficient to sustain the transport activity necessary to regulate the cytosolic malate homeostasis.</P>
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