Combinative treatment of phenol-rich retting-pond wastewater by a hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor and solar photofenton process

Sokkanathan, G.,Sharmila, V. Godvin,Kaliappan, S.,Banu, J. Rajesh,Yeom, Ick Tae,Rani, R. Uma Elsevier 2018 Journal of environmental management Vol.206 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, recalcitrant rich retting-pond wastewater was treated primarily by anaerobic treatment and subsequently treated with a solar photofenton process to remove phenol and organics. The anaerobic treatment was carried out in a granulated laboratory scale hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (HUASBR) with a working volume of 5.9 L. It was operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) from 40 to 20 h over a period of 140 days. The optimum HRT of the anaerobic reactor was found to be 30 h, with corresponding chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol removal of 60% and 47%, respectively. Primary anaerobically treated wastewater was subjected to secondary solar photofenton treatment which was carried out at pH 3.5. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design and optimize the performance of the solar photofenton process. Regression quadratic model describing COD removal efficiency of the solar photofenton process was developed and confirmed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Optimum parameters of the solar photofenton process were found to be: 4 g/L of fenton as catalysts, 25 mL of hydrogen peroxide, and 30 min of reaction time. After the primary anaerobic treatment, solar photofenton oxidation process removed 94% and 96.58% of COD and phenol, respectively. Integration of anaerobic and solar photofenton treatment resulted in 97.5% and 98.4% removal of COD and phenol, respectively, from retting-pond wastewater.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The HUASB reduces COD and phenol to 180 mg/L and 117 mg/L respectively at 30 h HRT. </LI> <LI> The maximum biogas production of 0.82 L/d at 30 h HRT. </LI> <LI> The post treatment was carried out by solar photofenton process for 30 min. </LI> <LI> Combined HUASB and photofenton process removed 97.5% and 98.4% COD and phenol. </LI> </UL> </P>

Supercapacitor and OER activity of transition metal (Mo, Co, Cu) sulphides

Jansi Rani, B.,Pradeepa, S.S.,Hasan, Zinab M.,Ravi, G.,Yuvakkumar, R.,Hong, S.I. Elsevier 2020 The Journal of physics and chemistry of solids Vol.138 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Multifunctional transition metal (Mo, Co, Cu) sulphide electrocatalysts were synthesized employing hydrothermal method with stabilization at 180 °C for 24 h for both supercapacitors and water splitting applications. Rhombohedral (MoS<SUB>2</SUB>) and hexagonal (CoS and CuS) structures of the electrocatalysts were identified from the X-ray diffraction patterns. Raman-active modes confirmed the characteristic phonon vibrations. The prepared sulphides optical studies were examined employing photoluminescence spectroscopy and UV spectroscopy. Morphological variations observed for different sulphide nanostructures were confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy images. A comparative electrochemical study of MoS<SUB>2</SUB>, CoS and CuS was performed. Of the three candidates, MoS<SUB>2</SUB> has superior capacitive behaviour, exhibiting very high specific capacitance of 513F/g at 0.5 A/g, and moreover exhibited the highest oxygen evolution reaction current density of 442.7 mA/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s. Furthermore, it maintained its performance for longer in 1000 cycles of galvanostatic charging and discharging and in 12 h of an oxygen evolution reaction stability test.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> High specific capacitance of 513 F/g at 0.5 A/g was achieved for MoS<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Stability of 98% was achieved for MoS<SUB>2</SUB> after 1000 cycles of galvanostatic charging and discharging. </LI> <LI> A high current density of 442 mA/g was achieved at 10 mV/s. </LI> <LI> After a chronoamperometry test for 12 h, 100% oxygen evolution reaction activity was obtained for MoS<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> The MoS<SUB>2</SUB> electrode is highly recommended as an efficient electrode for energy applications. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

The effect of anesthetic techniques on neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients undergoing infraumbilical surgeries

Nethra Surhonne,Chaithali Hebri,Sudheesh Kannan,Devika Rani Duggappa,Raghavendra Rao RS,Chethana G Mapari 대한마취통증의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.72 No.5

Background: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple marker in peripheral blood and is used to assess inflammatory response and physiological stress during the peri-operative period. Anesthetic technique may influence NLR, thereby modulating the inflammatory response and surgical outcomes. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between blood NLR and anesthetic techniques in patients undergoing infraumbilical surgeries. Methods: Institutional ethical committee approval and patient consent were obtained. A prospective randomized double- blinded study was conducted between July 2017 and November 2017, involving 80 patients classified as the American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1 and 2, aged 18–60 years, and scheduled for elective infraumbilical surgeries. Unwilling and those with infections were excluded. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group G (general anesthesia) and Group S (spinal anesthesia) as per the standardized protocol. Differential counts of leukocytes and NLR in the peripheral blood were obtained pre-operatively on the morning of surgery and at 2 h and 24 h after surgery in both the groups. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: The demographic parameters, basal total leukocyte count (TLC), and NLR were comparable between the groups. TLC and NLR were significantly higher in Group G as compared to that in Group S post-operatively. The post-operative rise in TLC and NLR from the basal values was significantly higher in Group G as compared to that in Group S. Conclusions: General anesthesia was associated with a greater increase in TLC and NLR when compared with spinal anesthesia.

A Protocol for High Frequency Plant Conversion from Somatic Embryos of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. DRG-12)

Rani A. Raja,Padmaja G. The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.7 No.3

A protocol was developed for somatic embryogenesis with 100% induction rate from immature zygotic embryo axes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. DRG-12) cultured on MS medium containing $18.09\;{\mu}M$ 2,4-D. The frequency of somatic embryogenesis (31.7%) as well as the number of somatic embryos induced per explant (6.6) decreased when the concentration of 2,4-D was increased to $72.4\;{\mu}M$. Morphologically abnormal somatic embryos were observed at a frequency of 43.3% on MS medium containing $72.4\;{\mu}M$ 2,4-D. Somatic embryos isolated from 30-day-old cultures of immature zygotic embryo axes exhibited precocious germination with varied responses when placed on MS basal medium with 3% sucrose. Maximum shoot induction (80.0%) was observed from somatic embryos isolated from 60-day-old cultures of immature zygotic embryo axes when placed as a clump rather than individually on MS medium supplemented with $26.63\;{\mu}M$ BA and $0.54\;{\mu}M$ NAA. Shoots developed from somatic embryos rooted with higher frequency (93.3%) on Blaydes' medium containing $5.4\;{\mu}M$ NAA.

A Novel approach for Wearable Antenna Design for Biomedical Applications

K. Rani Rudrama,G. Catherine Christina,R. Teja,P. Niteesh Kumar,M. Anush,K. Srinivasa Rao 한국전기전자재료학회 2022 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.23 No.6

A low profile wearable antenna for the different applications of Body Area Networks is presented. Wearable microstrip patch antenna for development in different applications in the area of WBAN. Many breakthroughs of wearable devices, together including their flexibility, suggest a real time monitoring with WBAN technology of the human vital signs such as pulse rates, blood pressure, and body temperature. The proposed antenna works in the operating frequency of 2.45 GHz which falls under the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) frequency band. The designed antenna uses the flexible Polyimide substrate with a relative permittivity of 3.5 and thickness of 0.1 mm. The antenna is tested on a three layered human phantom model. The antenna parameters of return loss, VSWR, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), gain and low value are established, while Return lost at 2.45 GHz is approximately -23.22 dB with a VSWR value of 2.45 GHz being 1.13, which determines improved matching impedance. The 2D and 3D gain, and radiation patterns have been determined. The designed antenna is simulated with a three layered phantom model using a High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).The simulated model is tested using Network Analyzer and Anechoic chamber and fabricated.

Design of Low Noise, Low Power, Bulk-Driven CMOS Based Operational Transconductance Amplifier for Biosensor Applications

Gifta G.,Rani Gracia Nirmala,Rajaram S. 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.5

A fully integrated, low-power, low-noise OTA for Biosensor is proposed in this paper to detect biomedical signal using Implantable Health Devices. The proposed Operational Transconductance Amplifi er is built basedon diff erential mirror circuit. The existing IMD detects a single disorder and consumes high power resulting in need of replacement within a period of time. The output of the proposed OTA is validated under a balanced low supply voltage by means of simulation results using 180 nm, 90 nm and 45nmCMOS technology. The proposed OTA absorbs power within the range of nano watts. Comparison with the designs mentioned in the article is based on gain, noise, location, transconductance, and bandwidth. The fi ndings indicate substantial performance and improvement of the proposed OTA is related to previously published designs that are suitable for biomedical applications. The post layout simulation of the proposed integrated circuit was successfully performed.

Synthesis of NiFe Nanowires Using Self Assembled Diblock Copolymers

V. Sudha Rani,S.S. Yoon,C.G. Kim 한국자기학회 2007 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

Electrodeposition of CoNiP Nanowires Using Polycarbonate Membrane

V. Sudha Rani,S. S. Yoon,J.-R. Jeong,C. G. Kim 한국자기학회 2008 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

LUMINESCENT SILICON NANOSTRUCTURES VIA TIN OXIDE DOPING

J. R. RANI,V. P. MAHADEVAN PILLAI,G. ANOOP,MEERA GOPAL,V. GANESAN 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2013 NANO Vol.8 No.1

Tin oxide (SnO2)-doped Si nanorings of diameter in the range of 100 nm to 170 nm with an average width of 25 nm are synthesized by off-axis laser ablation (PLD) and are characterized by different techniques. The AFM observations show that the surface morphological features of films depend on the tin oxide concentration. The bandgap energies of undoped quantum dots are found to be 2.29 eV, while it decreases to 2.15 eV and 1.5 eV for 3 wt.% and 0.1 wt.% SnO2-doped samples, respectively. The increase in the value of bandgap energy can be attributed to size reduction of particles. The Raman spectra of SnO2-doped films are characterized by a broad Raman band with intensity maximum around 478 cm-1. Raman spectrum shows frequency shift which may be due to changes in the Si–O bond length or Si–O–Si bond angle. The activation energy at higher temperature is found to be 16.99 meV for 3SnSi209, 21 meV for 0.1SnSi209 and 18.1 meV for undoped silicon which shows that defect levels are present in all the samples, the conduction is due to the presence of holes. The synthesized films exhibit PL peak in the visible region. The PL emission peak and PL intensity depend on dopants and it is concluded that luminescence does not originate from localized states in gap but from extended states. The size and shape of nanostructures depend on the SnO2 concentration and the doping effects can be used as a significant guideline for tuning the electronic and optical properties of Si.

Novel NiWO₄ nanoberries morphology effect on photoelectrochemical properties

Babu, Eadi Sunil,Rani, B. Jansi,Ravi, G.,Yuvakkumar, R.,Guduru, Ramesh K.,Ganesh, V.,Kim, Sungjin Elsevier 2018 Materials letters Vol.220 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report a novel method to synthesis NiWO<SUB>4</SUB> nanoberries and their morphology dependent photoelectrochemical properties. XRD result revealed monoclinic wolframite NiWO<SUB>4</SUB> structure formation. FESEM and TEM showed average particle and nanoberries size of 4 and 50 nm respectively. Raman active stretching W–O vibration mode at 889 cm<SUP>−1</SUP>, PL blue green emission of intrinsic WO<SUB>6</SUB> <SUP>6−</SUP> complex with double emission center (3T<SUB>1u</SUB>-1A<SUB>1g</SUB>) and FTIR spectrum confirmed NiWO<SUB>4</SUB> formation with a calculated band gap of 2.86 eV. The much higher photocurrent of 0.03 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> was obtained at 0 V potential under visible light due to higher band gap (2.86 eV) of nanoberries morphology which led to efficient light absorption and increase in electron and hole separations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Novel synthesis of NiWO<SUB>4</SUB> nanoberries morphology. </LI> <LI> Higher photocurrent of 0.03 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> due to higher band gap 2.86 eV. </LI> <LI> Nanoberries morphology led to absorption, increase electron hole separations. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Graphical abstract clearly shows the schematic representation of nanoberries formation which is evident that the effect of surfactant for the formation of a big berry contains number of small berries.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>