An Evaluation of Nutrition Support for Terminal Cancer Patients at Teaching Hospitals in Korea

Do Yeun Kim,Sang Min Lee,Kyoung Eun Lee,Hye Ran Lee,김지현,Keun-Wook Lee,Jong Seok Lee,Soon Nam Lee 대한암학회 2006 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.38 No.4

Purpose: We wanted to analyze the use of nutrition support for terminal cancer patients, the effect of discussing withdrawal of nutrition support and do-not- resuscitate (DNR) consent on the use of intravenous nutrition during the patient’s last week of life and at the time of death.Materials and Methods: The study involved 362 patients with terminal cancer from four teaching hospitals, and they all died between January 1 2003 and December 31 2005. The basic demographic data, the use of intravenous nutrition during the patient’s last week of life and at death, discussion of terminal nutrition withdrawal and DNR consent were evaluated.Results:In the week before death, the patients received artificial nutrition such as total parenteral nutrition (31%), intravenous albumin infusion (25%), and feeding tube placements (9%). A discussion concerning withdrawal of nutrition support was limited to 25 (7%) patients. DNR consent was obtained from 294 (81%) patients. None of the patients were directly involved in any of these decisions. The discussion about withdrawal of terminal nutrition and DNR consent with the patient’s surrogates did not have any effect on reducing the use of parenteral nutrition.Conclusion: The majority of patients dying of terminal cancer were still given potentially futile nutritional support. Modern clinical guidelines and ethical education about nutritional support at the end of life care is urgently needed in Korean medical practice to provide proper administration of terminal nutrition for end of life care. (Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38:214-217)

Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for Terminal Patients with Cancer in Teaching Hospitals of Korea

Kim, Do Yeun,Lee, Kyoung Eun,Nam, Eun Mi,Lee, Hye Ran,Lee, Keun-Wook,Kim, Jee Hyun,Lee, Jong Seok,Lee, Soon Nam Mary Ann Liebert 2007 Journal of palliative medicine Vol.10 No.5

<P>OBJECTIVES: To examine the current practices relating to do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders for terminal patients with cancer at teaching hospitals in Korea. METHODS: The records of 387 deaths from January 1 to December 31, 2005 at four cancer centers were identified and reviewed to assess the DNR delineation. Basic demographics, circumstances surrounding the establishment of the DNR directive, the percentage of orders for identified populations, and the time interval between DNR consent and death were evaluated. RESULTS: An order of DNR consent was obtained from 296 patients (76%) of a total of 387 patients. All DNR consents were made between the physician and family, without involving the patient. Written preprinted DNR consent forms were used in 169 (57%) cases and 127 patients (43%) had verbal DNR permission. DNR consent was interpreted in two ways: one forbade resuscitation in two hospitals and the other implied limited care in two other hospitals. A unilateral physician decision to withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was decided for 62 (16%) patients. Terminal CPR was performed on 29 (7%) patients. DNR discussion was made within 7 days of the day of death on 228 (77%) patient among the 296 DNR consenting patients. CONCLUSION: From our teaching-hospital-based analysis of terminal cancer patients in Korea, consent for a DNR order was common. However, DNR order forms were not standardized and lacked room to document patient involvement in the decision. Usually the DNR decision was made within last days of the patient's life. Our results reflect the need for the improvement of end-of-life care decisions in Korea.</P>

소비자 안티사이트에 대한 연구 : 평가모형개발, 평가 및 발전방안의 모색

김난도,김선욱 한국정보사회진흥원 2003 정보화정책 Vol.10 No.4

본 논문은 최근 주목을 받고 있는 인터넷을 통한 소비자 운동 중에서 가장 관심을 끄는 소비자 안티사이트를 개념 규정하고, 그 현황을 살펴 본 후, 바람직한 안티사이트 구축을 위한 평가모형을 개발하여, 그에 따라 현재 우리 나라의 대표적인 안티사이트들을 평가해 보고자 한다. 안티사이트의 적절한 평가모형을 개발하기 위하여, 국내외의 사이트 평가기준을 종합하고 안티사이트의 특성을 고려하여 컨텐츠, 연계성, 인터페이스 및 관리의 3영역으로 나누어 평가지표를 개발하였다. 또한 안티사이트의 컨텐츠 구성과 관련하여 안티사이트 이용자를 불만표출을 위한 이용자, 정보수집 소비자, 자사 안티 정보수집을 위한 기업측 종사자의 니즈를 구별하여, 소비자 안티사이트가 감정적인 불만표출의 장이 아니라 국가경제에 기여할 수 있는 실질적인 사이트로 발전시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하였다. 마지막으로 소비자 안티사이트를 건전한 방향으로 정착시키기 위한 여러가지 정책적 방안을 함께 모색하였다. This paper delves into the consumer anti-sites, which show new horizon for internet consumerism. The study first studies the concept and status quo of consumer anti-sites and then evaluate current anti-sites by developing model and indices of site evaluation. In developing the model, the paper make up three aspects of site evaluation: contents; linkage; and interface and maintenance. The paper considers not only the users who wish to compalin about their discontent but also the users who simply want to gather information for future purchase and suppliers who intend to gather information about their management in evaluating contents. Lastly, the paper also suggests policy implications to make better consumer anti-site culture.

연령과 청력역치에 따른 청각장애아동의 음운적 특성

서영란,김진숙,고도흥 한국음성과학회 2001 음성과학 Vol.8 No.2

This research with 40 hearing impaired children was performed to find out the characteristics of the phonological processes for each age, hearing loss degree and aided threshold degree through the transcriptions. The phonological processes. of hearing impaired children are similar to those of normal children with a peculiar type of patterns in phonological processes. The results show that: (1) Between 5 and 6 year old groups the phonological processes were significantly different in palatal backing, glottal replacement and frication; between 6 and 7 year old groups the phonological processes were significantly different in velar fronting, labialization, alveolization and labial assimilation; between 7 and 8 year old groups the phonological processes, labialization, alveolization and alveolar assimilation, however 8 year old group showed more phonological processes than 7 year old group. (2) Between moderately-severe and severe hearing impaired groups, phonological processes were significantly different in the omissions of postvocalic, nasal and velar, stopping and stop assimilation. The differences of severe and profound groups were not found at all. (3) Aided hearing thresholds did not show any significant difference.

日帝의 住居政策과 그 遺産에 關한 硏究

尹道根,金蘭基 弘益大學校 1987 弘大論叢 Vol.19 No.2

This study is the research of Housing policy and those inheritances during colonial epoch of Japan. From the Han-il hapbang(Korea-Japan Union) in 1910 to 3. 1. Movement in 1919. Japan government reigned in Moodantongchi(the Military Government), but after that, they changed the governmental policy from the Moodantougchi to Moonhwatongchi(the Cultural Government) in order to appease the independent movement. At this point, this study examines the reality of Moonhwajueu. (Culturalism) advocated by Japan, and housing policy and residential condition. Therefore this. study processes the following contents. 1. In order to find out the residential condition under Colonial Japan, this research the appearence of Middle Class House and examine the Western type and Japanese type house. 2. This research the character of Moonhwatongchi, Moonhwajuteak(Cultural Housing), and Housing policy. 3. The process of "Juteak Gaelyang Woondong(Housing Improvement Movement),. problems of the architects in that time. 4. The establishment of Juteakyoungdan(Housing Corporation) an those housing. 5. The Improvement Korean Style Housing.

Rescheduling Behavioral Subunits of a Fixed Action Pattern by Genetic Manipulation of Peptidergic Signaling

Kim, Do-Hyoung,Han, Mi-Ran,Lee, Gyunghee,Lee, Sang Soo,Kim, Young-Joon,Adams, Michael E. Public Library of Science 2015 PLoS genetics Vol.11 No.9

<▼1><P>The ecdysis behavioral sequence in insects is a classic fixed action pattern (FAP) initiated by hormonal signaling. Ecdysis triggering hormones (ETHs) release the FAP through direct actions on the CNS. Here we present evidence implicating two groups of central ETH receptor (ETHR) neurons in scheduling the first two steps of the FAP: kinin (aka drosokinin, leucokinin) neurons regulate pre-ecdysis behavior and CAMB neurons (<B>C</B>CAP, <B>A</B>stCC, <B>M</B>IP, and <B>B</B>ursicon) initiate the switch to ecdysis behavior. Ablation of kinin neurons or altering levels of ETH receptor (ETHR) expression in these neurons modifies timing and intensity of pre-ecdysis behavior. Cell ablation or ETHR knockdown in CAMB neurons delays the switch to ecdysis, whereas overexpression of ETHR or expression of pertussis toxin in these neurons accelerates timing of the switch. Calcium dynamics in kinin neurons are temporally aligned with pre-ecdysis behavior, whereas activity of CAMB neurons coincides with the switch from pre-ecdysis to ecdysis behavior. Activation of CCAP or CAMB neurons through temperature-sensitive TRPM8 gating is sufficient to trigger ecdysis behavior. Our findings demonstrate that kinin and CAMB neurons are direct targets of ETH and play critical roles in scheduling successive behavioral steps in the ecdysis FAP. Moreover, temporal organization of the FAP is likely a function of ETH receptor density in target neurons.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>In <I>Drosophila</I>, the pupal ecdysis behavioral sequence is composed of three distinct steps: pre-ecdysis, ecdysis, and post-ecdysis. We hypothesize that release of ecdysis-triggering-hormone (ETH) from endocrine Inka cells drives these stereotypical behaviors through sequential activation of peptidergic ETH receptor (ETHR) neuron ensembles in the central nervous system (CNS). There are many questions about how a single hormone orchestrates a stepwise behavioral sequence. Here we present evidence implicating two central ETHR ensembles—kinin and CAMB—causally in pre-ecdysis and ecdysis behaviors. Using calcium imaging, we show a sequential pattern of activity in kinin and CAMB neurons that is temporally correlated with pre-ecdysis and ecdysis behaviors, respectively. Genetic manipulation of kinin and CAMB neurons demonstrates that timing of the behaviors is a function of: 1) sensitivity to the hormone, and 2) upstream inhibitory inputs. These findings provide insights into the molecular bases of behavioral orchestration by central peptidergic ensembles.</P></▼2>

Adiponectin is a negative regulator of NK cell cytotoxicity.

Kim, Kun-Yong,Kim, Jae Kwang,Han, Seung Hyun,Lim, Jong-Seok,Kim, Keun Il,Cho, Dae Ho,Lee, Myeong-Sok,Lee, Jeong-Hyung,Yoon, Do-Young,Yoon, Suk Ran,Chung, Jin Woong,Choi, Inpyo,Kim, Eunjoon,Yang, Young American Association of Immunologists 2006 Journal of Immunology Vol.176 No.10

<P>NK cells are a key component of innate immune systems, and their activity is regulated by cytokines and hormones. Adiponectin, which is secreted from white adipose tissues, plays important roles in various diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. In this study the effect of adiponectin on NK cell activity was investigated. Adiponectin was found to suppress the IL-2-enhanced cytotoxic activity of NK cells without affecting basal NK cell cytotoxicity and to inhibit IL-2-induced NF-kappaB activation via activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase, indicating that it suppresses IL-2-enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity through the AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. IFN-gamma enhances NK cell cytotoxicity by causing an increase in the levels of expression of TRAIL and Fas ligand. The production of IFN-gamma, one of the NF-kappaB target genes in NK cells, was also found to be suppressed by adiponectin, accompanied by the subsequent down-regulation of IFN-gamma-inducible TRAIL and Fas ligand expression. These results clearly demonstrate that adiponectin is a potent negative regulator of IL-2-induced NK cell activation and thus may act as an in vivo regulator of anti-inflammatory functions.</P>

Induction of neuron and glia cells from human amniotic mesenchymal cells in vitro and ex vivo

Kim, Ju-Ran,Yu, Seoung-Jin,Kang, Hee-Gyoung,Kang, Ji-Hye,Hong, In-Kyung,Goo, Hee-Jin,Kim, Hae-Kwon,Do, Byung-Rok,Kang, Sung-Goo 한국수정란이식학회 2005 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

An Essay on Isomorphic and Idiosyncratic Characteristics of Social and Natural Science

( Ran Do Kim ) 서울대학교 행정대학원 1996 Journal of Policy Studies Vol.11 No.-

Induction of neuron and glia cells from human amniotic mesenchymal cells in vitro and ex vivo

Kim Ju-Ran,Yu Seong-Jin,Kang Hee-Gyoung,Kang Ji-Hye,Hong In-Kyung,Goo Hee-Jin,Kim Hae-Kwon,Do Byung-Rok,Kang Sung-Goo 한국발생생물학회 2005 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2005 No.1