Antioxidant Potentials of Skin, Pulp, and Seed Fractions of Commercially Important Tomato Cultivars

Harish Mani Chandra,Sathishkumar Ramalingam 한국식품과학회 2011 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.20 No.1

The rationale of this study is to compare the levels of different antioxidants present in commercially important tomato cultivars of India, specifically developed to grow in high altitude and plain regions. Major antioxidant components like lycopene, ascorbic acid, phenolics, and quenching capacity of free radicals were analysed in different fractions of tomato fruit, i.e., skin, pulp, and seed fractions. Significant differences in antioxidant components were observed among the fractions of the different cultivars studied. Lycopene content was found to be more in high altitude cultivars (‘Sindhu’ and ‘Shalimar’); however,ascorbic acid and phenolic content were found to be higher in plain region cultivars (‘PKM1’ and ‘CO3’). To evaluate the antioxidant capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP)assays were performed. High altitude cultivars showed 10-15% higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity and 20-30% increase in FRAP than the plain region cultivars. Among the different fruit fractions analysed, skin showed the highest level of antioxidants levels and free radical scavenging activities in all the cultivars tested. The difference in the antioxidants level and activity may be attributed to the genetic variability of the cultivars.

Removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from cashew nut shell as a new low-cost adsorbent

Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar,Subramaniam Ramalingam,Kannaiyan Sathishkumar 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.1

Methylene blue dye was adsorbed on an adsorbent prepared from cashew nut shell. A batch adsorption study was carried out with variable adsorbent amount, initial dye concentration, contact time and pH. Studies showed that the pH of aqueous solutions affected dye removal as a result of removal efficiency increased with increasing solution pH. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Koble-Corrigan, Toth, Temkin,Sips and Dubinin-Radushkevich models of adsorption using MATLAB 7.1. The experimental data yielded excellent fits within the following isotherm order: Redlich-Peterson>Toth>Sips>Koble-Corrigan>Langmuir>Temkin>Dubinin-Radushkevich>Freundlich, based on its correlation coefficient values. Three simplified kinetic models including a pseudofirst-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations were selected to follow the adsorption process. It was shown that the adsorption of methylene blue could be described by the pseudo-second-order equation. The results indicate that cashew nut shell activated carbon could be employed as a low cost alternative to commercial activated carbon in the removal of dyes from wastewater.

Exogenous supplementation with sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor, mitigates the effects of salinity in Abelmoschus esculentus L. seedlings

Sundararajan Sathish,Shanmugam Rekha,Sivakumar Hari Priya,Ramalingam Sathishkumar 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.3

We investigated the protective role of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in ameliorating the detrimental effects of salinity in in vitro-grown okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Okra seedlings were subjected to salinity treatments at three different NaCl concentrations (100, 150, and 200 mM), which caused a significant reduction in germination rate, shoot and root lengths, and shoot fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW). Further, salinity exposure had detrimental effects on the total chlorophyll content, proline content, electrolyte leakage (EL), relative water content (RWC), malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and nitrate reductase activity in the seedlings. However, supplementation with SNP significantly improved the plant growth parameters including shoot and root lengths, shoot FW and DW, chlorophyll content, and proline accumulation. Among the tested concentrations, SNP at 100 and 150 µM significantly reduced the H2O2 content, MDA accumulation, and EL, and increased the RWC under salinity stress. SNP supplementation also resulted in increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Our results revealed the positive effects of SNP in alleviating salt stress through enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment, which can be explored and applied for better growth and yield performance, especially in regions with high salinity.

Tissue Culture and Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation Studies in Four Commercially Important Indica Rice Cultivars

Sathish Sundararajan,Balaji Sivaraman,Venkatesh Rajendran,Sathishkumar Ramalingam 한국작물학회 2017 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.20 No.3

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method for recalcitrant indica rice cultivars. For this, mature seeds of commercially important indica rice varieties, ASD16, ADT43, IR 64, and Pusa Basmati were cultured on MS and N6 medium supplemented with 2 mg l-1 2, 4-D + 30 g l-1 sucrose. The calli grown in N6 medium showed better friability and embryogenic response. Out of the four varieties tested, ASD16 and IR64 showed better callusing and embryogenic capacity as compared to ADT43 and Pusa Basmati. For genetic transformation studies, embryogenic calli of all the cultivars were co-cultivated with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 harboring the binary vector pCambia 1305.1 with GUS gene. GUS assay was performed for the putative transformed calli and its activity was found to be qualitatively higher in ASD16 and IR64 than the other two varieties. The best responsive ASD16 transformed calli was regenerated and the putative transgenic lines were regenerated. ASD16 transformed calli were confirmed by GUS assay. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of both GUS and HPT genes in ASD16 transgenic lines.

Micropropagation and DNA Delivery Studies in Onion Cultivars of Bellary, CO3

Ashwini Malla,Balamurugan Srinivasan,Bala Murugan Shanmugaraj,Sathishkumar Ramalingam 한국작물학회 2015 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.18 No.1

Onion is one of the most important vegetables grown all over the world. In the present study, rapidly growing and maintainable callus was accomplished using the basal meristem plate and twin scale leaves as explants in Bellary and CO3 varieties for callus induction and in vitro bulb formation. The two cultivars were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA 105 harboring the binary vector pCAMBIA 1301 containing the GUS gene with different concentrations of acetosyringone. The outcome of this study revealed that the frequency of callus induction was maximum on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) fortified with B5 vitamins supplemented with 0.5 and 1 mg L-1 picloram. Regeneration of plantlets from the callus was observed on MS supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 each of BAP and KIN and 0.1 mg L-1 NAA. In vitro bulb response was observed on MS with B5 vitamins supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 BAP. GUS gene integration in the transgenic plants was confirmed by PCR. The maximum GUS gene expression was observed at a concentration of 150 μM acetosyringone in the transformed plants by histochemical assay. This protocol allows effective genetic transformation and regeneration system of onion via in vitro bulb development.

Utility of DNA Barcoding for Plant Biodiversity Conservation

( Dhivya Selvaraj ),( Jong In Park ),( Mi Young Chung ),( Yong Gu Cho ),( Sathishkumar Ramalingam ),( Ill Sup Nou ) 한국육종학회 2013 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.1 No.4

DNA barcoding is a technique that provides rapid identification of species without using morphological cues. The method employs relatively small-standardized DNA fragments as tags to define or discover species. In plants, the mitochondrial genome evolves much more slowly than in animals. There is currently no consensus on which candidate markers comprise the best plant DNA barcoding region; however, DNA barcodes such as rbcL, matK, psbA-trnH and ITS have been proposed for the plant kingdom. And also very recently the chloroplast intergenic spacer (IGS) like trnE-trnT, trnT- psbD, ndhF-rpl32 and rpl14-rpl16 were also employed for discriminating the cultivar species. The region ITS2 showed better intra-species variation, followed by psbA-trnH. Several analyses reveal that the ITS2 region is able to distinguish all tested species of the plant kingdom, but evaluations of DNA barcodes have to be conducted for more species covering many genera to confirm the above results. In this review we discussed the current view of DNA barcoding.