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Rajaraman, Bharanidharan,Seol, Yong Joo,Oh, Young Kyoon,Chang, Sun Sik,Kim, Jong Geun,Nam, In Sik,Kim, Kyoung Hoon Elsevier 2017 Animal feed science and technology Vol.234 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The cyclodextrin (CD) complex with guest materials appears to be a promising solution to mitigate methane emissions without reducing energy intake. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of caprylic acid (C8)-CD complex on methane production <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. The C8-CD complex was added to diluted ruminal fluid (60mL) at different levels (0, 0.17, 0.33, and 0.67g/L) in triplicate and incubated anaerobically at 39°C for 9h. The pH (P<0.001) and methane production (P<0.05) decreased linearly but total VFA and total gas increased (P<0.01) when the C8-CD complex supplementation was increased. Methane production decreased significantly (P<0.05) by 28% at 0.67g/L C8-CD complex when compared to the control. The effects of C8-CD complex supplementation at the level of 2% DMI on nutrient digestibility, energy balance, and methane production were further investigated using four Korean Hanwoo heifers (292±3kg) in a replicated 2×2 Latin square design. Each period consisted of 10 d of adaption and 4 d of measurement using four head hood respiratory chambers. Heifers were fed 4.8kg of timothy hay and supplemented with 1.2kg/d of ground corn grain and 130g/d of corn gluten meal, on an as-fed basis, at 09:00 and 17:00h. Nutrient digestibility and energy balance were not affected by the addition of the C8-CD complex. Supplementation of C8-CD complex decreased mean daily methane production up to 10%, but no significance compared to control. In conclusion, the effectiveness of C8-CD complex supplementation was observed <I>in vitro</I> but not <I>in vivo</I>. Therefore, further research is required to determine whether higher supplementation of C8-CD complex than 2.0% of DMI reduce methane production <I>in vivo</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Optimum dose level of caprylic acid (C8) and β-cyclodextrin (CD) complex in vitro was 0.67g/L which is 50 times lower than tested in previous <I>in vitro</I> experiments. </LI> <LI> <I>In vivo</I>, C8-CD supplemented at 2% DMI did not modify total tract digestibility of nutrients and methane production. </LI> <LI> It should be important to define the critical level of MCFA-CD complex in the diet beyond which MCFA influences methanogenesis <I>in vivo</I>. </LI> </UL> </P>
Nivetha Rajaraman,Anshul Ramesh,Sarojini Subbarayan,Sivagurunathan Chinnaian,Maikandaan Chandrasekar Janaganbose 대한백신학회 2024 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.13 No.1
Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly formidable disease. Globally, multiple vaccines have been developed to prevent and manage this disease. However, the periodic mutations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants cast doubt on the effectiveness of commonly used vaccines in mitigating severe disease in the Indian population. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the BBV152 vaccine and ChAdOx1-S vaccine in preventing severe forms of the disease. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study, based on hospital records, was conducted on 204 vaccinated COVID-19 patients using a consecutive sampling approach. Data on their vaccination status, comorbidities, and high-resolution computed tomography lung reports’ computed tomography severity scores were extracted from their medical records. Fisher’s exact test and binomial logistic regression analysis were employed to assess the independent associations of various factors with the dependent variables. Results: Of the 204 records, 57.9% represented males, with a mean age of 61.5±9.8 years. Both vaccines demonstrated effective protection against severe illness (90.2%), with BBV152 offering slightly better protection compared to ChAdOx1-S. Male gender, partial vaccination, comorbid conditions, and the type of vaccine were identified as independent predictors of severe lung involvement. Conclusion: This study indicates that both vaccines were highly effective (90%) in preventing severe forms of the disease in fully vaccinated individuals. When comparing the two vaccines, BBV152 was slightly more effective than ChAdOx1-S in preventing severe COVID-19. Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly formidable disease. Globally, multiple vaccines have been developed to prevent and manage this disease. However, the periodic mutations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants cast doubt on the effectiveness of commonly used vaccines in mitigating severe disease in the Indian population. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the BBV152 vaccine and ChAdOx1-S vaccine in preventing severe forms of the disease. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study, based on hospital records, was conducted on 204 vaccinated COVID-19 patients using a consecutive sampling approach. Data on their vaccination status, comorbidities, and high-resolution computed tomography lung reports’ computed tomography severity scores were extracted from their medical records. Fisher’s exact test and binomial logistic regression analysis were employed to assess the independent associations of various factors with the dependent variables. Results: Of the 204 records, 57.9% represented males, with a mean age of 61.5±9.8 years. Both vaccines demonstrated effective protection against severe illness (90.2%), with BBV152 offering slightly better protection compared to ChAdOx1-S. Male gender, partial vaccination, comorbid conditions, and the type of vaccine were identified as independent predictors of severe lung involvement. Conclusion: This study indicates that both vaccines were highly effective (90%) in preventing severe forms of the disease in fully vaccinated individuals. When comparing the two vaccines, BBV152 was slightly more effective than ChAdOx1-S in preventing severe COVID-19.
사료급여방법에 따른 홀스타인 거세우의 섭취 건물 당 메탄발생량
Bharanidharan Rajaraman,우양원,이창현,나영준,김도형,김경훈 한국초지조사료학회 2018 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.38 No.4
TMR 급여와 분리급여가 반추위 메탄발생량 변화에 미치는 효과를 연구한 사례가 많지 않다. 본 실험은 1일 실험사료를 체중의 1.8%(실험 1) 그리고 2.4%(실험 2) 수준에서 급여 하면서 triplicated 2×2 Latin square design을 이용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 각 실험에는 6마리의 Holstein steer를 이용하였고 2개의 군으로 나누어 각각 TMR 급여 또는 분리급여를 하였다. 공시 사료의 농후사료와 조사료 비율은 73% 그리고 27%이었다. 두 실험 모두 사료급여 방식 간의 1일 메탄발생량 차이가 없었다. 현재까지 보고된 국내 연구와 본 연구에서 얻어진 개체 별 1일 건물섭취량과 1일 메탄발생량과의 관계를 분석한 결과, 메탄발생량 (g/d) = 11.5 (±1.3) × 건물섭취량 (kg/d) + 14.2, R2 = 0.73, p<0.001의 회귀식을 유도하였다. Limited researches are available to demonstrate the effect of TMR (Total Mixed Ration) and SF (Separate feeding) system on ruminal methane production. Two experiments were performed at two different levels of daily feed intake (1.8 and 2.4% of BW) to investigate methane production by using a triplicated 2×2 Latin square design. Each experiment was conducted using six Holstein steers. Animals were provided either TMR or SF containing 73% concentrate and 27% forage, with the same ration of same ingredients. No differences in daily methane productions (MP) and per dry matter intake (DMI) were observed in both experiments. Relationship for daily methane production on DMI was MP (g/d)=11.5(±1.3)×DMI (kg/d)+14.2, R2=0.73, p<0.001.
개미산과 유산균제 첨가 베일 사일리지의 발효 차이가 반추위 발효 특성에 미치는 영향
김자연,Rajaraman Bharanidharan,방금휘,정순우,박설화,오영균,김종근,김경훈 한국초지조사료학회 2020 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.40 No.4
This study investigated the effects of silage additives on rumen fermentation characteristics of rye silage. Rye was harvested at ripening stage and treated with different additives in quadruplicate following: without additive (control), with either lactic acid bacteria inoculant (LAB), formic acid (FA), or Ca-formate (Ca-FA). Overall, ensiling characteristics of FA and Ca-FA silages contained 4-fold more (P<0.05) butyrate and 2-fold more (P<0.05) NH3-N concentration (% total nitrogen) than those of control and LAB silages. Cows fed LAB silage showed a diurnal trend with the highest values of propionate concentration compared to the control at 1, 2 and 3 hr after feeding. In contrast, FA and Ca-FA silages increased the proportion of butyrate significantly (P<0.05) at all sampling times compared to control and LAB silage. In conclusion, Forage rye treated with FA or Ca-FA showed different fermentation characteristics during ensilage and in the rumen compared to LAB silage. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether different fermentation characteristics in the rumen between LAB and FA silages had effect on partitioning of nutrients between milk production and body tissue.