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Torrefaction of Spent Coffee Ground to Enhance Fuel Characteristics
( Rabin Nepal ),( Chan Park ),( Sea Cheon Oh ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-
Worldwide, massive amounts of solid waste are produced, yet none of it is handled in an environmentally friendly manner. The management of solid waste is significantly impacted by the energy production from waste biomasses. Converting waste biomass into energy has a significance impact in solid waste management. One of the bio-wastes generated by the coffee industry during the brewing process is spent coffee grounds (SCG). This study, aims to improve the fuel properties of SCG via torrefaction and investigates the characteristics of torrefied products. Torrefaction is the thermal treatment process performed typically between 200°C to 320°C with an aim in increasing the fuel properties of biomass by removing the moisture and other volatile contents. The torrefaction of SCG was investigated in a three zone horizontal tubular reactor at a temperature ranging from 250 ℃ to 350℃, for torrefaction residence time varying from 0 to 30 mins. The associated physical and chemical transformations in SCG torrefaction were investigated using mass yield, energy yield, and calorific value analysis, proximate and ultimate analysis, gas composition, thermogravimetric and derivative analyses along with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Torrefaction has been found to facilitate the depolymerization and breakdown of oxygen-containing volatile organic compounds, increasing the calorific value and carbon content of SCG and improving fuel quality. A torrefaction temperature of 290 ℃ and a residence time of 10 min was found to be the optimal conditions for SCG torrefaction.
Ductility of concrete slabs reinforced with low-ductility welded wire fabric and steel fibers
Rabin Tuladhar,Benjamin J. Lancini 국제구조공학회 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.49 No.4
The use of low-ductility welded wire fabric (WWF) as a main tensile reinforcement in concrete slabs compromises the ductility of concrete structures. Lower ductility in concrete structures can lead to brittle and catastrophic failure of the structures. This paper presents the experimental study carried out on eight simply supported one-way slabs to study the structural behavior of concrete slabs reinforced with lowductility WWF and steel fibers. The different types of steel fibers used were crimped fiber, hooked-end fiber and twincone fiber. The experimental results show that the ductility behavior of the slab specimens with low-ductility reinforcement was significantly improved with the inclusion of 40kg/m3 of twincone fiber. Distribution of cracks was prominent in the slabs with twincone fiber, which also indicates the better distribution of internal forces in these slabs. However, the slab reinforced only with low-ductility reinforcement failed catastrophically with a single minor crack and without appreciable deflection.
How Different are FDI and FPI Flows?: Distance and Capital Market Integration
( Rabin Hattari ),( Ramkishen S. Rajan ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소(구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2011 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.26 No.3
The availability of bilateral capital flows between countries has given rise to a number of papers attempting to understand trends and determinants of capital flows between country pairs. Almost without exception, the papers find that the gravity model fits the data quite well. Specifically, while economic sizes of the host and source (measured by GDP, population etc) appear to positively impact bilateral flows in most cases, distance--broadly proxying some sort of transactions and/or information frictions--stands out as consistently hindering all types of capital flows. But does greater distance hinder both foreign portfolio investment (FPI) and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows equally? In other words, does distance change the composition of capital flows? This is the specific question that this paper focuses on, differentiating between total FDI, FDI via mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and FPI.
Employees’ Intention to Leave Job: The Case of Micro Finance Institution
Rabin Subedi,Dr. Surendra Neupane,Raju Ram Adhikari 한국데이터전략학회 2021 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.28 No.5
The main purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence the employee’s intention to leave the current job. A descriptive survey design was conducted and primary data were collected by using questionnaire. The study was based on random sampling; a sample of 200 was drawn from the employees who work in different micro finance institutions in Nepal. For the data analysis percentage analysis and chi square-test were used. The study revealed that salary, working condition, career growth, supervisor behavior and outstation influence the job quitting process. The study also defined the association between the reasons for leaving job such as salary, working condition, career growth supervisor behaviour & outstation and satisfaction, time spent in the organisation, training & development facility, frequency of changing job & encourage from immediate boss. This study establishes the importance of intentions of employees to quit job and provides further evidence in revealing the intentions to quit among the employees.
Torrefaction of Spent Coffee Ground to Change the Fuel Properties
( Rabin Nepal ),( Hyeok Jin Kim ),( Chan Park ),( Min Jeong Song ),( Sea Cheon Oh ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2021 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.-
Fuel crisis and global warming are currently the two major global issues that humans are tackling in these years. The concept, study and development of the renewable sources of energy, where the convertsion of biomass waste to energy has attracted increasing worldwide interest. Here, the treatment of the biomass has multiple advantages from improving the fuel characteristics to waste management and so on. There are several biochemical, thermochemical, thermal, hydrothermal and chemical process of biomass conversion. Thus, this study used torrefaction to improve the fuel characteristics of spent coffee ground (SCG). Spent coffee grounds are the waste (residue) generated during the brewing process of coffee. Torrefaction as one of the most promising thermochemical process plays a vital role in biomass conversion. Torrefaction of SCG was investigated in a horizontal tubular reactor at a temperature ranging from 250 to 350℃, for torrefaction residence time varying from 0 to 30 mins. The torrefied products were investigated using gas analysis, mass and energy yields, calorific values, elemental analysis, proximate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, derivative thermogravimetry, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis.