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A Multi-Level Analysis of Innovative Korean SME Activity and Related Innovation Ecosystem
Douglas R. Gress,Ronald V. Kalafsky,Sharmistha Bagchi-Sen 서울대학교 아시아연구소 2021 아시아리뷰 Vol.11 No.3
Faced with waning exports and returns from innovation, the Korean government has prioritized the facilitation of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) innovative activity and marketization. But are policies working? This research deploys a multi-level perspective to more holistically examine individual, firm, network, and industry-level factors, to include the regulatory environment, impacting Korean SMEs. Quantitative analyses of data from the 2016 national Korean Innovation Survey delve into 1) firm motivations, costs, and purchases; 2) internal R&D and external cooperation and knowledge sourcing; 3) innovation impacts on domestic and international market positioning and entry; and 4) sources of support for, and impediments to, innovation in order to provide a nuanced understanding of Korea’s innovation ecosystem. In a novel bifurcation, analyses compare firms engaged in new and incremental innovation and those engaged in only incremental innovation. Some key differences between the innovator groups emerge, such as training objectives, spending patterns on external knowledge, collaborate activity, and market positioning. Though there may be room for cautious optimism, perceived challenges to policy would appear to be equal for both groups of innovators, including those related to personnel, financing, and other government support and policy incentives. Implications for Korea’s future are discussed.
Hwang, Daesub,Jo, Seong Mu,Kim, Dong Young,Armel, Vanessa,MacFarlane, Douglas R.,Jang, Sung-Yeon American Chemical Society 2011 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.3 No.5
<P>High-performance, room-temperature (RT), solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using hierarchically structured TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofiber (HS-NF) electrodes and plastic crystal (PC)-based solid-state electrolytes. The electrospun HS-NF photoelectrodes possessed a unique morphology in which submicrometer-scale core fibers are interconnected and the nanorods are dendrited onto the fibers. This nanorod-in-nanofiber morphology yielded porosity at both the mesopore and macropore level. The macropores, steming from the interfiber space, afforded high pore volumes to facilitate the infiltration of the PC electrolytes, whereas the mesoporous nanorod dendrites offered high surface area for enhanced dye loading. The solid-state DSSCs using HS-NFs (DSSC-NF) demonstrated improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to conventional TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticle (NP) based DSSCs (DSSC-NP). The improved performance (>2-fold) of the DSSC-NFs was due to the reduced internal series resistance (<I>R</I><SUB>s</SUB>) and the enhanced charge recombination lifetime (τ<SUB>r</SUB>) determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and intensity modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopy. The easy penetration of the PC electrolytes into HS-NF layers via the macropores reduces <I>R</I><SUB>s</SUB> significantly, improving the fill factor (FF) of the resulting DSSC-NFs. The τ<SUB>r</SUB> difference between the DSSC-NF and DSSC-NP in the PC electrolytes was extraordinary (∼ 14 times) compared to reported results in conventional organic liquid electrolytes. The optimized PCE of DSSC-NF using the PC electrolytes was 6.54, 7.69, and 7.93% at the light intensity of 100, 50, and 30 mW cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, respectively, with increased charge collection efficiency (>40%). This is the best performing RT solid-state DSSC using a PC electrolyte. Considering the fact that most reported quasi-solid state or nonvolatile electrolytes require higher iodine contents for efficient ion transport, our HS-NFs are a promising morphology for such electrolytes that have limited ion mass transport.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2011/aamick.2011.3.issue-5/am200092j/production/images/medium/am-2011-00092j_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am200092j'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Douglas R. Gress 서울대학교 교육종합연구원 2019 The SNU Journal of Education Research Vol.28 No.2
This research examines collaborative activity between expatriate academics, both with and without Korean ethnicity, and their (native Korean) peers both intra-organizationally (e.g. at department, college, and university levels) and in terms of location (e.g. within Korea, in Asia, outside of Asia). Collaboration is further explored vis-à-vis workplace satisfaction and socialization metrics. Ethnically Korean expatriate faculty are more likely to engage in cooperative research at the departmental, college, and university levels. Non-ethnically Korean expatriate faculty collaborate more outside of Asia, within Asia, and to lesser extents within Korea and at the case university. There is an inverse relationship between salary satisfaction and collaboration, yet collaborators as a group are more satisfied with the availability of graduate students. Other variables examined vis-à-vis collaboration include feelings of isolation, overall workplace satisfaction, the administrative stance of the department, socializing within the department, and feeling uninformed about funding opportunities.
Successful integration of foreign faculty into Korean universities: A proposed framework
Douglas R. Gress,Lynn Ilon 한국교육개발원 2009 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.6 No.2
Korea is making a concerted effort to become a world‐class leader in higher education and the motivations for inviting foreign faculty in conjunction with this effort are clear. However, Korean universities are competing for foreign faculty in an era of global expansion in higher education, so the success of any effort to integrate foreign faculty into Korean universities must entail more than the mere introduction of content classes taught by invited foreign faculty. Korean universities cannot afford to leave the recruitment and integration processes of foreign faculty or the potential gains to students, native professors, and the inviting institution to chance. We therefore outline a three‐pronged framework that simultaneously focuses on student, faculty, and administrative considerations with the goal of not only increasing the effectiveness of foreign faculty recruitment and retention, but also the overall productivity of all participants in the process.
Douglas de Britto,Marcia R. de Moura,Fauze A. Aouada,Flávia G. Pinola,Lícia M. Lundstedt,Odilio B. G. Assis,Luiz H. C. Mattoso 한국고분자학회 2014 Macromolecular Research Vol.22 No.12
Nanoencapsulation is a process suitable for use in reducing degradation of instable components. In thisstudy, chitosan and trimethyl chitosan with tripolyphosphate were used to nanoencapsulate vitamins C, B9, and B12. Analysis of the particle size showed that for a fix proportion of the polymer tripolyphosphate, the system showed awide variation in size with the amount of added vitamins: e.g., for vitamin B9, the particle size varied from 150±5nm to 809±150 nm. The zeta potential confirmed that trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles generally had a lower net positivecharge (20 mV) than chitosan nanoparticles (40 mV). The encapsulation efficiency was found to be dependenton nanoparticle structure and vitamin solubility, with vitamin B9 the most efficiently encapsulated (approximately40%). UV-Visible spectroscopy indicated different release profiles for vitamins C, B9, and B12 in a neutral PBSsolution with release rates of 36%, 52%, and 16% after 2, 24, and 4 h, respectively. In conclusion the liberation wasfound to be slower in acidic media.