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Jürgen Rüland 서강대학교 동아연구소 2017 TRaNS(Trans –Regional and –National Studies of Sou Vol.5 No.1
With the resignation of President Soeharto in 1998 and subsequent democratization, Indonesia’s foreign policy underwent major changes. More stakeholders than under Soeharto’s New Order regime are now participating in foreignpolicy making. The country seemed to make democracy promotion a hallmark of its foreign policy, especially under the presidency of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004–2014). This raises the questions of whether and, if so, to what extent Indonesian democratization changed the country’s established foreign-policy role conceptions and how much impact Indonesia’s democratization had on the democratization of regional governance. The paper seeks to answer these questions by developing a theoretical framework based on a constructivist version of role theory. On the basis of speeches held by Indonesian political leaders in the United Nations General Assembly and major domestic foreignpolicy pronouncements, it documents changes in Indonesia’s foreign-policy role concepts. It shows that, indeed, in the Era Reformasi, democracy became a major component in the country’s foreign-policy role concept, although many elements of the role concept such as development orientation, Third Worldism, peace orientation, and a mediator’s role remained constant. However, the litmus test for a democracy-oriented foreign policy, that is, the democratization of regional governance in Southeast Asia, remains ambiguous, and concrete policy initiatives often declaratory.
Aashish O. Dhokte,Balasaheb R. Arbad,Santosh L. Khillare,Machhindra K. Lande 한국공업화학회 2011 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.17 No.4
The present study describes the synthesis of mesoporous silica material (MCM-41) from fly ash of thermal power plants so as to meet requirements of green chemistry approach. The synthesized material was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS techniques. The prepared material, MCM-41, was utilized as catalyst for classical Mannich reaction for the synthesis of b-amino carbonyl compounds. The present methodology offers several advantages, like excellent yields, short reaction times,reusability of catalyst and simple work up procedure.
Katkar, Santosh S.,Lande, Machhindra K.,Arbad, Balasaheb R.,Rathod, Sandip B. Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.5
The Indium modified mesoporous zeolite AlMCM-41 were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) techniques. The Knoevenagel condensation of aldehyde with malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate was carried out at reflux condition in ethanol by using heterogeneous In/AlMCM-41 catalyst. This method is fast, efficient, easy work-up and eco-friendly to afford the corresponding Knoevenagel adducts. The catalyst was recovered and reused for several cycles with consistent activity.
Rathod, Sandip B.,Lande, Machhindra K.,Arbad, Balasaheb R. Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.10
A series of $MoO_3/CeO_2-ZrO_2$ catalysts with different Mo content (8 - 20 wt %) were prepared by simple co-precipitation followed by impregnation method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) techniques. The prepared materials were tested for catalytic activity by the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives using condensation of aromatic aldehydes and o-phenylenediamine by conventional and microwave method. Obtained results reveal that the catalytic activity increases with increase in Mo wt % loading. The best catalytic activity was obtained with 20 wt % $MoO_3/CeO_2-ZrO_2$. The particle size or crystallite size was estimated using Debye-Scherrer equation. After completion of reaction, the catalyst can be recovered efficiently and reused with consistent activity.
Yelwande, Ajeet A.,Arbad, Balasaheb R.,Lande, Machhindra K. Korean Chemical Society 2011 대한화학회지 Vol.55 No.4
Polyaniline/$SiO_2$ 촉매를 이용하여, acetophenone, aromatic aldehydes와 aromatic amines을 에탄올 용매 속에서 반응시켜서 다양한 various ${\beta}$-amino ketones을 one-pot mannich 반응을 수행하였으며, 이 반응을 위해 silica가 충진된 여러 가지 종류의 wt% polyaniline을 화학적인 산화방법에 의해 합성하였다. 합성한 촉매는 thermal analysis(TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), 및 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 방법으로 확인하였으며, 촉매의 용매에 대한 안정도 UV-Visible spectroscopy로 측정하였다. Polyaniline/$SiO_2$ 촉매를 이용하는 합성 방법은높은 수율로 얻어지며, work up이 쉽고, 독성이 없으며, 쉽게 회수하여 재사용이 가능하다. Polyaniline/$SiO_2$ catalyzed one-pot mannich reaction of acetophenone, aromatic aldehydes and aromatic amines are carried out in ethanol to afford various ${\beta}$-amino ketones. The various wt% of polyaniline were supported on pure silica synthesized by using chemical oxidative method. The catalyst prepared has been characterized by means of thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Solvent stability of catalyst was tested using UV-Visible spectroscopy. This protocol has several advantages such as high yield, simple work up procedure, non-toxic, clean, easy recovery and reusability of the catalyst.
Shaikh, Uzma parveen K.,Dhokte, Aashish O.,Lande, Machhindra K.,Arbad, Balasaheb R. Korean Chemical Society 2012 대한화학회지 Vol.56 No.1
The solvent extraction of platinum (IV) metal from hydrochloric acid media using 4-(4-ethoxybenzylideneamino)-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (EBIMTT) in chloroform was studied as a function of several variables, such as reagent, acid and metal ion concentration, effect of various diluents, and diverse ions. The proposed method was further applied for the separation of platinum (IV) from binary mixtures, synthetic mixtures, alloys and commercially available samples.
Lakshman S. Gadekar,Santosh S. Katkar,Shivshankar R. Mane,Balasaheb R. Arbad,Machhindra K. Lande 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.11
A facile and efficient synthetic route has been developed for the polyhydroquinoline via four component reactions of aldehydes, dimedone, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate in the presence of catalytic amount of scolecite in ethanol at 70 °C through Hantzsch reaction. This method gives remarkable advantages such as simple work-up procedure, environmentally friendly, inexpensive, non-toxic and recyclable catalyst, shorter reaction time along with excellent yields.
Sandip B. Rathod,Machhindra K. Lande,Balasaheb R. Arbad 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.10
A series of MoO3/CeO2-ZrO2 catalysts with different Mo content (8 - 20 wt %) were prepared by simple co-precipitation followed by impregnation method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) techniques. The prepared materials were tested for catalytic activity by the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives using condensation of aromatic aldehydes and o-phenylenediamine by conventional and microwave method. Obtained results reveal that the catalytic activity increases with increase in Mo wt % loading. The best catalytic activity was obtained with 20 wt % MoO3/CeO2-ZrO2. The particle size or crystallite size was estimated using Debye-Scherrer equation. After completion of reaction, the catalyst can be recovered efficiently and reused with consistent activity.
Sandip B. Rathod,Gambhire, Balasaheb R. Arbad,Machhindra K. Lande 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.2
A series of Ce1MgxZr1-xO2 (CMZO) mixed metal oxide with different molar ratio were prepared by simple co-precipitation method. The prepared materials were tested for their catalytic activity performance using Knoevenagel condensation of various aromatic aldehydes with barbituric acid under solvent-free condition in microwave. The best catalytic activity was obtained with CMZO (1:0.6:0.4). The synthesized materials were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS techniques.
Santosh S. Katkar,Machhindra K. Lande,Balasaheb R. Arbad,Sandip B. Rathod 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.5
The Indium modified mesoporous zeolite AlMCM-41 were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) techniques. The Knoevenagel condensation of aldehyde with malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate was carried out at reflux condition in ethanol by using heterogeneous In/AlMCM-41catalyst. This method is fast, efficient, easy work-up and eco-friendly to afford the corresponding Knoevenagel adducts. The catalyst was recovered and reused for several cycles with consistent activity.