Characterization of the Physical Form of Allergenic Cry j 1 in the Urban Atmosphere and Determination of Cry j 1 Denaturation by Air Pollutants

Qingyue Wang,Jun Morita,Xiumin Gong,Shinichi Nakamura,Miho Suzuki,Senlin Lu,Kazuhiko Sekiguchi,Takuya Nakajima,Daisuke Nakajima,Makoto Miwa 한국대기환경학회 2012 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.6 No.1

In this study, we characterized the physical form of allergenic Cry j 1 in the urban atmosphere. Through an immunofluorescence antibody method, we showed that allergenic Cry j 1 exists as fine particles (‹1.1μm). To determine Cry j 1 concentrations and its particle size distribution, we used the ELISA method to confirm that most Cry j 1 exists as fine particles in the urban atmosphere and is found at high concentrations on fine day next to rainy day. Furthermore,we evaluated Cry j 1 denaturation by using the Biacore J system based on the surface plasmon resonence (SPR) principle and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). We showed that the dissociation constant (KD) of Cry j 1 that has been exposed to urban polluted air is lower (1.76×10-14 M) than that of Cry j 1 (1.32×10-9-3.37×10-9 M) of original pollen grains that has not been exposed to air pollutants. Cry j 1 turns into low molecular weight proteins by reacting with various acidic solutions. In sum, we showed that allergenic Cry j 1exists as fine particles that can deposit in the lower respiratory tract. This finding clarifies the relationship between Japanese cedar pollinosis and air pollutants.

Effect of preparation of organic ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) nanostructure on the improvement of tennis performance

Qingyu Wang Techno-Press 2023 Advances in nano research Vol.14 No.4

Organic ferroelectric material found vast application in a verity of engineering and health technology fields. In the present study, we investigated the application of the deformable organic ferroelectric in motion measurement and improving performance in tennis players. Flexible ferroelectric material P(VDF-TrFE) could be used in wearable motion sensors in tennis player transferring velocity and acceleration data to collecting devises for analyzing the best pose and movements in tennis players to achieve best performances in terms of hitting ball and movement across the tennis court. In doing so, ferroelectric-based wearable sensors are used in four different locations on the player body to analyze the movement and also a sensor on the tennis ball to record the velocity and acceleration. In addition, poses of tennis players were analyzed to find out the best pose to achieve best acceleration and movement. The results indicated that organic ferroelectric-based sensors could be used effectively in sensing motion of tennis player which could be utilized in the optimization of posing and ball hitting in the real games.

Characteristics of Interface States in One-dimensional Composite Photonic Structures

Qingyue Zhang,Weitao Mao,Qiuling Zhao,Maorong Wang,Xia Wang,Wing Yim Tam 한국광학회 2022 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.6 No.3

Based on the transfer-matrix method (TMM), we report the characteristics of the interface states in one-dimensional (1D) composite structures consisting of two photonic crystals (PCs) composed of binary dielectrics A and B, with unit-cell configurations ABA (PC I) and BAB (PC II). The dependence of the interface states on the number of unit cells N and the boundary factor x are displayed. It is verified that the interface states are independent of N when the PC has inversion symmetry (x = 0.5). Besides, the composite structures support the formation of interface states independent of the PC symmetry, except that the positions of the interface states will be varied within the photonic band gaps. Moreover, the robustness of the interface states against nonuniformities is investigated by adding Gaussian noise to the layer thickness. In the case of inversion symmetry (x = 0.5) the most robust interface states are achieved, while for the other cases (x ≠ 0.5) interface states decay linearly with position inside the band gap. This work could shed light on the development of robust photonic devices.

Size-segregated Allergenic Particles Released from Airborne Cryptomeria japonica Pollen Grains during the Yellow Sand Events within the Pollen Scattering Seasons

Qingyue Wang,Xiumin Gong,Miho Suzuki,Senlin Lu,Kazuhiko Sekiguchi,Daisuke Nakajima,Makoto Miwa 한국대기환경학회 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.4

Cryptomeria japonica pollen is the most common pollen,which are scattering during each spring season in Japan. Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis is one of seasonal allergic rhinitis that mainly occurs in Japan. In addition, long range transportation of Yellow Sand from the East Asian continent was also found during the pollen scattering seasons in Japan. Therefore, the interaction or impact between pollen and Yellow Sand should be concerned. In this study, our objective was to investigate the airborne behaviour of Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and its size-segregated allergenic (Cry j 1)particles as the airborne tracer of Cryptomeria japonica pollen during the Yellow Sand events. Airborne Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and its size-segregated allergenic particles were collected at roadside of urban residential zones of Saitama city during the pollination periods from February to March in two year investigation of 2009 and 2010. The overlap of Yellow Sand events and dispersal peak of pollen grains was observed. According to the Meteorological data,we found that the peaks of airborne pollen grains appeared under higher wind speed and temperature than the previous day. It was thought that Yellow Sand events and airborne pollen counts were related to wind speed. From the investigation of the airborne behavior of the size-segregated allergen particles by determining Cry j 1 with Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), the higher concentrations of the allergenic Cry j 1 were detected in particle size equal to or less than 1.1 μm(PM1.1) than other particle sizes during Yellow Sand events, especially in the rainy day. We conclude that rainwater trapping Yellow Sand is one of the important factors that affect the release of allergenic pollen species of Cry j 1. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the relationships between Cryptomeria japonica pollen allergenic species and chemical contents of the Yellow Sand particles in further studies.

Diurnal and Nocturnal Behaviour of Airborne Cryptomeria japonica Pollen Grains and the Allergenic Species in Urban Atmosphere of Saitama, Japan

Qingyue Wang,Shinichi Nakamura,Senlin Lu,Daisuke Nakajima,Miho suzuki,Kazuhiko Sekiguchi,Makoto Miwa 한국대기환경학회 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.2

Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis is the most popular pollinosis in Japan. It has been reported that Cryptomeria japonica pollen allergenic species are suspended as fine particles in the urban atmosphere. These allergenic fine particles are responsible for inducing asthma by breaking into the lower respiratory tract. It has also been found that pollinosis symptoms on the sufferers appear mainly at night-time by the results from epidemiological studies. However, the exact reason for these phenomena is not yet clarified. In this study, the diurnal and nocturnal behaviours of Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and their allergenic species in the urban area of Saitama city of Kanto Plain were investigated. Airborne pollen grains and allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations in total suspended particulate matter (TSP)were investigated at two sampling sites, a heavy traffic road (roadside site) and at the balcony of the 10th floor of the Building of Research and Project of Saitama University (general urban site). The latter sampling site where located about 300 m away from the roadside site was used as a general urban site unaffected by automobile traffic. The airborne pollen counts were measured with a real-time pollen monitor. Cry j 1 particles were collected with two high volume air samplers, and these concentrations were measured by surface plasmon resonance method with a Biacore J system. The diurnal variation of the airborne pollen counts was similar to the trends of temperature and wind speed during the day-time;whereas its tendency with wind speed trend was not observed during the night-time. Airborne pollen counts were lower with northern wind than with southern wind because the pollen comes from the mountainous areas, and the mountains in the south are closer, about half the distance to the northern mountains. It is suggested that the peaks of airborne pollen counts during night-time in the sampling site occurred by transport of pollen grains released during day-time in the mountainous forest areas, located c.a. 100 km away from the sampling site. On the roadside site the allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations were higher than at the general urban site, nevertheless pollen grains counts were lower. These results suggested that worsening of pollinosis symptoms during nighttime in urban area was caused by transport of pollen grains during day-time in the mountainous forest areas. Moreover, pollen allergenic species become different morphology from pollen grain at roadside site, and the subsequent pollen grains re-suspension by automobile traffic.

Diurnal and Nocturnal Behaviour of Airborne Cryptomeria japonica Pollen Grains and the Allergenic Species in Urban Atmosphere of Saitama, Japan

Wang, Qingyue,Nakamura, Shinichi,Lu, Senlin,Nakajima, Daisuke,Suzuki, Miho,Sekiguchi, Kazuhiko,Miwa, Makoto Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.2

Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis is the most popular pollinosis in Japan. It has been reported that Cryptomeria japonica pollen allergenic species are suspended as fine particles in the urban atmosphere. These allergenic fine particles are responsible for inducing asthma by breaking into the lower respiratory tract. It has also been found that pollinosis symptoms on the sufferers appear mainly at night-time by the results from epidemiological studies. However, the exact reason for these phenomena is not yet clarified. In this study, the diurnal and nocturnal behaviours of Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and their allergenic species in the urban area of Saitama city of Kanto Plain were investigated. Airborne pollen grains and allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) were investigated at two sampling sites, a heavy traffic road (roadside site) and at the balcony of the $10^{th}$ floor of the Building of Research and Project of Saitama University (general urban site). The latter sampling site where located about 300 m away from the roadside site was used as a general urban site unaffected by automobile traffic. The airborne pollen counts were measured with a real-time pollen monitor. Cry j 1 particles were collected with two high volume air samplers, and these concentrations were measured by surface plasmon resonance method with a Biacore J system. The diurnal variation of the airborne pollen counts was similar to the trends of temperature and wind speed during the day-time; whereas its tendency with wind speed trend was not observed during the night-time. Airborne pollen counts were lower with northern wind than with southern wind because the pollen comes from the mountainous areas, and the mountains in the south are closer, about half the distance to the northern mountains. It is suggested that the peaks of airborne pollen counts during night-time in the sampling site occurred by transport of pollen grains released during day-time in the mountainous forest areas, located c.a. 100 km away from the sampling site. On the roadside site the allergenic Cry j 1 concentrations were higher than at the general urban site, nevertheless pollen grains counts were lower. These results suggested that worsening of pollinosis symptoms during night-time in urban area was caused by transport of pollen grains during day-time in the mountainous forest areas. Moreover, pollen allergenic species become different morphology from pollen grain at roadside site, and the subsequent pollen grains re-suspension by automobile traffic.

Catalytic performance of amino acid/phosphotungstic acid as bi-functional heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production

Qingyu Zhang,Xiaoling Duan,Siyi Tang,Cunwen Wang,Weiguo Wang,Weiliang Feng,Tielin Wang 대한환경공학회 2023 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.28 No.1

In this study, a series of acid-base bi-functional catalysts were prepared by mixing different amounts of basic amino acids (AAs) and phosphotungstic acid (PTA), which exhibited the excellent performance in catalyzing conversion of oleic acid (OA) for the biodiesel production. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized and analyzed using modern testing techniques and characterization methods such as XRD, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, TEM, and Hammett titration. The various influence parameters were optimized using the central composite design based the response surface methodology, where the maximum biodiesel yield of 97.0% was achieved at the MeOH/OA molar ratio of 5.9, the catalyst loading of 8%, reaction time of 6 h, and reaction temperature of 65℃. Furthermore, the stability and reusability of the prepared catalyst were also demonstrated. At last, the possible catalytic mechanism of the prepared catalyst was comprehensively described.

An Approach for Identifying the Temperature of Inductance Motors by Estimating the Rotor Slot Harmonic Based on Model Predictive Control

Wang, Liguo,Jiang, Qingyue,Zhang, Chaoyu,Jin, Dongxin,Deng, Hui The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2017 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.17 No.3

In order to satisfy the urgent requirements for the overheating protection of induction motors, an approach that can be used to identify motor temperature has been proposed based on the rotor slots harmonic (RSH) in this paper. One method to accomplish this is to improve the calculation efficiency of the RSH by predicting the stator winding distribution harmonic order by analyzing the harmonics spectrum. Another approach is to increase the identification accuracy of the RSH by suppressing the influence of voltage flashes or current surges during temperature estimation based on model predictive control (MPC). First, an analytical expression of the stator inductance is extracted from a steady-state positive sequence motor equivalent circuit model developed from the rotor flux field orientation. Then a procedure that applies MPC for reducing the identification error of the rotor temperature caused by voltage sag or swell of the power system is given. Due to this work, the efficiency and accuracy of the RSH have been significantly improved and validated our experiments. This work can serves as a reference for the on-line temperature monitoring and overheating protection of an induction motor.

Ambient noise surface wave tomography of Quaternary structures derived from a high-density array in the central Hebei Depression, North China

Qingyu Wu,Qiushneg Li,Xiangyun Hu,Zhanwu Lu,Wenhui Li,Xiaoran Wang 한국지질과학협의회 2023 Geosciences Journal Vol.27 No.2

Internal structure imaging of the Earth, along with determining basin structure, can aid in evaluating potential seismic hazards. However, the high operating cost limits the current geophysical exploration methods; moreover, it is difficult to apply these techniques over a large area, which limits our understanding of the Quaternary structure and the development of earthquake prevention science. A combination of dense array observation technology and ambient noise surface wave tomography is being rapidly developed as a high-resolution urban detection method. Here, we report the ambient noise imaging results of a high-density array experiment. In the ambient noise surface wave tomography method (e.g., surface wave tomography; Eikonal tomography), the signal is assumed to be a single mode. However, several multimode signals were detected in this dataset. With the use of traditional methods to measure the dispersion, mode confusion occurs and the extracted dispersion curve jumps. To solve this problem, by combining the advantages of phase-matched filtering and dispersion compensation, we realized the automatic pickup of fundamental group velocity using reference phase velocity. From this, a Rayleigh wave group velocity map was obtained. The regional average phase velocity information was included in the inversion steps to reduce the uncertainty in the inversion of shear wave velocity. Finally, an S-wave velocity structure model was obtained within a depth of 500 m. The velocity structure was roughly layered and grew with depth. In the depth range of 240–320 m, obvious decreases in the S-wave velocity were observed. Compared with geothermal drilling data, this was speculated to be the reflection of a water-rich (confined water) sand layer. This study provides a technical approach for and a processing example of a high-density array, and its velocity model can be used as a reference for urban subsurface structure, underground space utilization, and earthquake disaster prevention and control.

Off-axis Two-mirror System with Wide Field of View Based on Diffractive Mirror

Qingyu Meng,Jihong Dong,DONG WANG,Wenjing Liang 한국광학회 2015 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.19 No.6

An unobstructed off-axis two-mirror system is presented in this paper. First a suitable initial configurationis established based on third-order aberration theory. In order to achieve a wide field of view (FOV) withhigh image quality , the diffractive mirror is adopted in the two-mirror system to increase the optimizationfreedom and the aberration relationship between diffractive phase coefficients and Zernike coefficients isderived. Furthermore, a complete comparison design example with a focal length of 1200 mm, F-numberof 12, and FOV of 40° × 2° is given to verify the aberration correction ability of the diffractive mirror. The system average wavefront error is 0.007 λ (λ=0.6328 μm) developed from 0.061 λ when the systemdidn’t adopt the diffractive mirror. In this system the phase modulation function of the diffractive mirroris established as an even function of x, so we could obtain a symmetrical imaging quality about thetangential plane, and the symmetric aberration performance also brings considerable convenience toalignment and testing for the system