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Nanotechnology for diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.
Qasim, Muhammad,Lim, Dong-Jin,Park, Hansoo,Na, Dokyun American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.14 No.10
<P>The emergence of co-infections and the evolution of drug-resistant pathogens limit the utility of current therapies against infections, and developing countries in particular are facing a great challenge in combating infectious disease. Moreover, any failure to control the spread of infectious diseases would also represent a threat to developed countries. Recent developments in nanotechnology allow us to address this issue at two levels: diagnostics and treatment. Prevention of the spread of infectious pathogens requires rapid and accurate identification of the infectious agents for proper treatment. Recently developed fluorescent nanoparticles are so sensitive that even a single nanoparticle is capable of emitting a strong enough signal to be captured, thus enabling early identification of infections. Proper and effective treatment not only saves the patient, but also prevents the spread of the pathogens. Specific nanoparticle vehicles developed to encapsulate therapeutic agents and deliver them to a target site represent a promising strategy to boost immune responses for vaccination and boost the efficacy of drugs for treatment. Here, we describe a variety of nanotechnologies for use in applications such as immune response modulation, drug delivery, diagnostics, and treatment, which are especially needed in developing countries.</P>
Qasim, Muhammad,Hong, Jae Taek,Natarajan, Raghu N.,An, Howard S. The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2013 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.53 No.6
Objective : The offset connector can allow medial and lateral variability and facilitate intralaminar screw incorporation into the construct. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of C7 intralaminar screw constructs with and without offset connector using a three dimensional finite element model of a C6-7 cervical spine segment. Methods : Finite element models representing C7 intralaminar screw constructs with and without the offset connector were developed. Range of motion (ROM) and maximum von Mises stresses in the vertebra for the two techniques were compared under pure moments in flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. Results : ROM for intralaminar screw construct with offset connector was less than the construct without the offset connector in the three principal directions. The maximum von Misses stress was observed in the C7 vertebra around the pedicle in both constructs. Maximum von Mises stress in the construct without offset connector was found to be 12-30% higher than the corresponding stresses in the construct with offset connector in the three principal directions. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that the intralaminar screw fixation with offset connector is better than the construct without offset connector in terms of biomechanical stability. Construct with the offset connector reduces the ROM of C6-7 segment more significantly compared to the construct without the offset connector and causes lower stresses around the C7 pedicle-vertebral body complex.
Qasim, Iqbal,Bhat, Imtiyaz Ahmad,Masoodi, Khalid Zafar,Shah, Zafar Amin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.1
Background: The gene for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promotes angiogenesis and permeability, is polymorphic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between +936C>T and +404C>G polymorphism of VEGF with risk of esophageal cancer in the Kashmiri population in India. Materials and Methods: 150 esophageal cancer patients and 150 unrelated healthy controls were genotyped for two VGEF SNPs (+405C/G, and +936C/T) using DNA extracted from prospectively collected blood samples by the PCR-RFLP method. Results: For the VEGF +936C>T polymorphism a significant association of CT and combined CT+TT genotypes was observed with increased risk of esophageal cancer (p=0.021; 0.024). For the +405C>G polymorphism we observed significantly increased frequency of GG genotype in cases as compared to controls and also the +405 GG Genotype was observed to have a two fold risk(OR=2.7356; 95%CI=1.1409-6.5593; p=0.020). The combined genotypes of GG-CC and GG-CT of +405C>G and +936C>T were found to be significantly associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer (p=0.0376; 0.0099). Conclusions: From the results of the present study a significant association of +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms with increased esophageal cancer risk exists in the Kashmiri population.
Qasim S. Khan,M. Neaz Sheikh,Muhammad N.S. Hadi 국제구조공학회 2019 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.30 No.6
This research study investigates experimentally and analytically the axial compressive behaviour of Concrete Filled Fiber Reinforced Polymer Tube (CFFT) columns with and without Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars. The experimental program comprises five circular columns of 204-206 mm outer diameter and 800-812 mm height. All columns were tested under concentric axial compressive loads. It was found that CFFT columns with and without FRP bars achieved higher peak axial compressive loads and corresponding axial deformations than conventional steel reinforced concrete (RC) column. The contribution of FRP bars was about 12.1% of the axial compressive loads carried by CFFT columns reinforced with FRP bars. Axial load-axial deformation (P ‒ δ) curves of CFFT columns were analytically constructed, which mapped well with the experimental P ‒ δ curves. Also, an equation was proposed to predict the axial compressive load capacity of CFFT columns with and without FRP bars, which adequately considers the contributions of the circumferential confinement provided by FRP tubes and lower ultimate strength of FRP bars in compression than in tension.
Qasim, Waqas,Cho, Jea Min,Moon, Byeong Eun,Basak, Jayanta Kumar,Kahn, Fawad,Okyere, Frank Gyan,Yoon, Yong Cheol,Kim, Hyeon Tae Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.3
Purpose: Although previous studies have performed on-farm evaluations for the control of airborne diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and influenza, disease control during the process of livestock and manure transportation has not been investigated thoroughly. The objective of this study is to predict common patterns of livestock-vehicle movement. Methods: Global positioning system (GPS) data collected during 2012 and 2013 from livestock vehicles on Jeju Island, South Korea, were analyzed. The GPS data included the coordinates of moving vehicles according to the time and date as well as the locations of livestock farms and manure-keeping sites. Data from 2012 were added to Esri software ArcGIS 10.1 and two approaches were adopted for predicting common vehicle-movement patterns, i.e., point-density and Euclidean-distance tools. To compare the predicted patterns with actual patterns for 2013, the same analysis was performed on the actual data. Results: When the manure-keeping sites and livestock farms were the same in both years, the common patterns of 2012 and 2013 were similar; however, differences arose in the patterns when these sites were changed. By using the point-density tool and Euclidean-distance tool, the average similarity between the predicted and actual common patterns for the three vehicles was 80% and 72%, respectively. Conclusions: From this analysis, we can determine common patterns of livestock vehicles using previous year's data. In the future, to obtain more accurate results and to devise a model for predicting patterns of vehicle movement, more dependent and independent variables will be considered.
Axial compressive behaviour of circular CFFT: Experimental database and design-oriented model
Qasim S. Khan,M. Neaz Sheikh,Muhammad N.S. Hadi 국제구조공학회 2016 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.21 No.4
Concrete Filled Fibre Reinforced Polymer Tube (CFFT) for new columns construction has attracted significant research attention in recent years. The CFFT acts as a formwork for new columns and a barrier to corrosion accelerating agents. It significantly increases both the strength capacity (Strength enhancement ratio) and the ductility (Strain enhancement ratio) of reinforced concrete columns. In this study, based on predefined selection criteria, experimental investigation results of 134 circular CFFT columns under axial compression have been compiled and analysed from 599 CFFT specimens available in the literature. It has been observed that actual confinement ratio (expressed as a function of material properties of fibres, diameter of CFFT and compressive strength of concrete) has significant influence on the strength and ductility of circular CFFT columns. Design oriented models have been proposed to compute the strength and strain enhancement ratios of circular CFFT columns. The proposed strength and strain enhancement ratio models have significantly reduced Average Absolute Error (AAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), Relative Standard Error of Estimate (RSEE) and Standard Deviation (SD) as compared to other available strength and strain enhancement ratios of circular CFFT column models. The predictions of the proposed strength and strain enhancement ratio models match well with the experimental strength and strain enhancement ratios investigation results in the compiled database.