머루포도 씨 추출물의 α-Melanin Stimulating Hormone으로 자극한 B16세포에서 melanin 생성억제 효과

이평재(Pyeongjae Lee) 한국자원식물학회 2009 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.22 No.5

한국에서 주요하게 재배되는 세 개의 품종(켐벨, 청포도, 머루포도)을 대상으로 껍질과 씨 추출물의 미백효능을 검색하였다. Mouse melanoma인 B16세포에 α-MSH와 샘플을 처리하여 melanin 생성을 측정하였다. 세 품종의 껍질은 효과가 없었으며 켐벨과 청포도의 씨 추출물은 세포독성이 매우 강하였다. 머루포도 씨 추출물은 50μg/ml 에서 대조구에 비해 melanin 생성은 51.6±20.5% 이었으며 세포 생존율은 90.4±11.3% 이어서 약간의 세포 독성에도 불구 melanin 생성 억제 효과가 뚜렷하였다. 머루포도 씨 추출물은 B16세포에서 α-MSH에 의한 tyrosinase 발현량 증가를 억제하였다. 이후 연구는 1) 머루포도 씨의 생리활성 단일물질 검색과 2) α-MSH의 신호전달 과정에 추출물 및 생리활성 단일물질이 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 하는 점이고 현재 실험에 진행 중에 있다. Inhibitory effect of skin and seed of three species grape cultivated in Korea on melanogenesis was investigated. Melanin generation was examined in α -Melanin Stimulating Hormone-stimulated B16 cell, mouse melanoma, in the presence of samples. All skin sample did not show the inhibitory effect. Seed extract of Campbell early and Neo Muscat had negative effect on cell viability. When 50μg/ml seed extract of Muscat Bailey A was treated, amount of generated melanin and cell viability were 51.6±20.5% and 90.4±11.3% compared to control, respectively. Seed extract of Muscat Bailey A reduced the tyrosinase protein induced by α -Melanin Stimulating Hormone, which suggests that inhibitory effect of seed extract of Muscat Bailey A on melanin is partly due to suppression of tyrosinase that is responsible for melanin production.

Neuroprotective Effect of Scopoletin from Angelica dahurica on Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation-exposed Rat Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Culture

Dongwook Son,Pyeongjae Lee,Jongseok Lee,Sanghyun Lee,Sang Yoon Choi,Jong-Won Lee,Sun Yeou Kim 한국식품과학회 2007 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.16 No.4

This study examined the neuroprotective effect of scopoletin from Angelica dahurica against oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced neurotoxicity in a rat organotypic hippocampal slice culture. Scopoletin reduced the propidium iodide (PI) uptake, which is an indication of impaired cell membrane integrity. In addition, it inhibited the loss of NeuN, which represents the viability of neuronal cells. The results suggests that scopoletin from A. dahurica protects neuronal cells from the damage caused by oxygen and glucose deprivation.

왕호장근 뿌리 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성과 tyrosinase 활성 억제 효과

이동현 ( Dong Hyun Lee ),하헌용 ( Hun Yong Ha ),이평재 ( Pyeongjae Lee ) 대한미용학회 2016 대한미용학회지 Vol.12 No.1

In this study, quantitative analysis of emodin and polydatin in Fallopia sachalinensis rhizome harvested from the Ulleung island was performed using HPLC. In addition, the antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitory effects were examined. The concentrations of emodin and polydatin in the ethanolic total extract (TE) were 3.3346 and 4.3314 μg/mg, respectively. Emodin was mainly detected in the hexane fraction (HX, 8.7281 μg/mg) and polydatin in ethyl acetate fraction (EA, 40.5763 μg/mg). Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. DPPH scavenging activity was detected in TE, HX and EA in dose-dependent manners. Of them, EA displayed the highest levels of DPPH scavenging activity (SC50: 29.17 μg/mL). Using the tyrosinase inhibition assay, we determined that EA had the highest capacity to suppress tyrosinase activity. Taken together, these results suggest that F. sachalinensis rhizome has the potential to be developed for functional food and in the cosmetic industry. However, studies on F. sachalinensis-specific compounds and their precise biological effects will need to be further examined.

단핵구세포주의 활성에 미치는 Zerumbone의 영향

이민호 ( Min Ho Lee ),김사현 ( Sa Hyun Kim ),유성률 ( Sung Ryul Ryu ),이평재 ( Pyeongjae Lee ),문철 ( Cheol Moon ) 대한임상검사과학회 2017 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.49 No.1

Zerumbone은 야생 생강의 일종인 Zingiber zerumbet Smith의 정유(essential oil)에 포함되어 있는 주요성분으로, 다양한 연구를 통해 혈액종양을 포함한 암, 염증질환, 활성산소 감소 등에 이용할 가능성이 꾸준히 제기되어왔다. 또한 면역세포들의 증식과 세포주기진행, 사이토카인의 생성ㆍ발현에도 효과를 나타낸다고 알려져 있다. 이외에도 간보호, 통증완화, 항동맥경화, 항미생물 등 다양한 생물학적 기능이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 zerumbone이 단구의 활성과 기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 우선, 단구세포주 THP-1세포의 활성이 zerumbone에 의해 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. LPS 처리 후 가장 강한 THP-1 증식 증가는 5 μM의 zerumbone 처리시 나타났으며, 세포 단독 증식 증가는 10 μM의 zerumbone 처리 시 가장 증가하였다. 반면에 50 μM 의 zerumbone 처리 시에는 LPS 존재 여부와 관계없이 급격한 증식 감소가 관찰되었다. LPS의 처리에 의해 유도되는 신호전달 단백질 Erk의 인산화도 zerumbone에 의해 증가되었다. 가장 강한 인산화 증가는 증식 감소가 나타난 50 μM의 zerumbone을 처리했을 때 관찰되었다. 전사인자 NF-κB의 활성은 zerumbone 단독 처리 시에는 큰 변화가 없었지만, LPS 와 동시에 처리했을 경우 증가하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 나아가, NFκB에 의해 발현이 조절되는 염증 사이토카인 TNF-α, IL-8의 전사도 zerumbone 에 의해 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 zerumbone이 단핵구의 증식과 활성을 강화시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. 나아가, zerumbone이 LPS 를 보유한 세균 감염 시 단핵구 활성 증가를 통하여 효과적인 탐식과 면역반응을 강화시켜 효과적인 세균 처리에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다. Zerumbone is a major component of the essential oil from Zingiber zerumbet Smith, which is a kind of wild ginger. In addition, various biological functions, such as liver protection, pain relief, atherosclerosis, and antimicrobial activity have been reported. It is also known to be effective in the proliferation of immune cells and the expression of cytokines. In this study, we investigated the effects of zerumbone on monocyte activation. First, it was confirmed that the proliferation of THP-1 cells was increased by zerumbone. The strongest increase in THP-1 proliferation after lipopolysaccharide treatment was observed at 5 μM zerumbone treatment, and the increase of cell proliferation without lipopolysaccharide was the highest at 10 μM. Conversely, when treated with 50 μM zerumbone, a rapid decrease of proliferation was observed regardless of the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The phosphorylation of signaling protein, Erk, induced by LPS was also increased by zerumbone. The strongest increase in phosphorylation was observed when treated with 50 μM of zerumbone with reduced proliferation. The activity of transcription factor NF-κB was not significantly altered by zerumbone alone, but increased when treated with lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, the transcription of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8, which are regulated by NF-κB, is also increased by zerumbone. These results suggest that zerumbone can enhance the proliferation and activity of monocytes. Furthermore, it is believed that zerumbone can enhance rthe immune responses through increased monocyte activity in bacterial infections with LPS, thereby helping to treat effective bacteria.

Regulatory Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ on Nitric Oxide Production in Activated Microglia

Jinyoung Hur,Pyeongjae Lee,Mi Jung Kim,Young-Wuk Cho 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.5

Microglia are activated by inflammatory and pathophysiological stimuli in neurodegenerative diseases, and activated microglia induce neuronal damage by releasing cytotoxic factors like nitric oxide (NO). Activated microglia synthesize a significant amount of vitamin D3 in the rat brain, and vitamin D₃ has an inhibitory effect on activated microglia. To investigate the possible role of vitamin D₃ as a negative regulator of activated microglia, we examined the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ on NO production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. Treatment with LPS increased the production of NO in primary cultured and BV2 microglial cells. Treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ inhibited the generation of NO in LPS-activated primary microglia and BV2 cells. In addition to NO production, expression of 1-α-hydroxylase and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was also upregulated in LPS-stimulated primary and BV2 microglia. When BV2 cells were transfected with 1-α-hydroxylase siRNA or VDR siRNA, the inhibitory effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ on activated BV2 cells was suppressed. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D₃ also inhibited the increased phosphorylation of p38 seen in LPS-activated BV2 cells, and this inhibition was blocked by VDR siRNA. The present study shows that 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ inhibits NO production in LPS-activated microglia through the mediation of LPS-induced 1-α-hydroxylase. This study also shows that the inhibitory effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ on NO production might be exerted by inhibiting LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 through the mediation of VDR signaling. These results suggest that vitamin D3 might have an important role in the negative regulation of microglial activation.

Neurite outgrowth induced by spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, via the tyrosine kinase A receptor pathway

Hur, Jinyoung,Lee, Pyeongjae,Moon, Eunjung,Kang, Insug,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Oh, Myung Sook,Kim, Sun Yeou Elsevier 2009 european journal of pharmacology Vol.620 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Although nerve growth factor (NGF) therapy is an available option for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, several limitations exist in its medical application. In the present study, we examined the neurotrophic effects of spicatoside A isolated from <I>Liriope platyphylla</I> on PC12 cells as well as the mechanisms involved in this process. Spicatoside A (10μg/mL) induced neurite outgrowth similar to NGF (50ng/mL). Furthermore, spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase/Akt) via tyrosine receptor kinase A (TrkA), which is responsible for the induction of the neuritic process. The effects of NGF and spicatoside A on neurite outgrowth disappeared in TrkA knockdown PC12 cells by siRNA. In conclusion, neuritogenic effects resulting from spicatoside A may be involved in TrkA activation.</P>

Neuroprotective effect of wogonin in hippocampal slice culture exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation

Son, Dongwook,Lee, Pyeongjae,Lee, Jongseok,Kim, Hocheol,Kim, Sun Yeou WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

A poor supply of oxygen and glucose to the brain can cause severe brain damage. Therefore, neuroprotective drugs against ischemia need to be developed. In this study, wogonin, a flavone found in Scutellaria baicalensis, had a protective effect on neuronal cells damaged by oxygen and glucose deprivation in rat hippocampal slices in culture. In particular, the protective effect on the pyramidal cell layer was significant. On the basis of these experimental results, wogonin may be a therapeutic agent for treating ischemia in patients.

Regulatory Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ on Nitric Oxide Production in Activated Microglia

Hur, Jinyoung,Lee, Pyeongjae,Kim, Mi Jung,Cho, Young-Wuk The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.5

Microglia are activated by inflammatory and pathophysiological stimuli in neurodegenerative diseases, and activated microglia induce neuronal damage by releasing cytotoxic factors like nitric oxide (NO). Activated microglia synthesize a significant amount of vitamin $D_3$ in the rat brain, and vitamin $D_3$ has an inhibitory effect on activated microglia. To investigate the possible role of vitamin $D_3$ as a negative regulator of activated microglia, we examined the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ on NO production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. Treatment with LPS increased the production of NO in primary cultured and BV2 microglial cells. Treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ inhibited the generation of NO in LPS-activated primary microglia and BV2 cells. In addition to NO production, expression of 1-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was also upregulated in LPS-stimulated primary and BV2 microglia. When BV2 cells were transfected with 1-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase siRNA or VDR siRNA, the inhibitory effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ on activated BV2 cells was suppressed. 25-Hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ also inhibited the increased phosphorylation of p38 seen in LPS-activated BV2 cells, and this inhibition was blocked by VDR siRNA. The present study shows that 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ inhibits NO production in LPS-activated microglia through the mediation of LPS-induced 1-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase. This study also shows that the inhibitory effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ on NO production might be exerted by inhibiting LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 through the mediation of VDR signaling. These results suggest that vitamin $D_3$ might have an important role in the negative regulation of microglial activation.

(-)-3,5-Dicaffeoyl-muco-quinic acid isolated from Aster scaber contributes to the differentiation of PC12 cells : through tyrosine kinase cascade signaling

Hur, Jin Young,Lee, Pyeongjae,Kim, Hocheol,Kang, Insug,Lee, Kang Ro,Kim, Sun Yeou WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Aster scaber T.(Asteraceae) has been used in traditional Korean and Chinese medicine to treat bruises, snakebites, headaches, and dizziness. (-)-3,5-Dicaffeoyl-muco-quinic acid (DQ) isolated from A. scaber induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. It has been reported that the activation of the extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2) and phosphoinositide 3 (PI3) kinase plays a crucial role in the NGF-induced differentiation of PC12 cells. This study showed that the effect of DQ on neurite outgrowth is mediated via the Erk 1/2 and PI3 kinase-dependent pathways like NGF. Furthermore, DQ stimulated the phosphorylation of Trk A. Overall, DQ elicited the differentiation of PC12 cells through Trk A phosphorylation followed by Erk 1/2 and PI13 kinase activation.

Zerumbone attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of BV-2 microglial cells via NF-κB signaling

Gu Min Ji,Lee Pyeongjae,Ha Sang Keun,Hur Jinyoung 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.63 No.4

The brain is considered an immune-privileged organ. However, it has been found that inflammation mediated by microglia, which were once believed to support the brain structure, plays important roles in neuronal cell survival and death. Whether activated microglia has beneficial or detrimental effects on neurons remain controversial. Activated microglia could contribute to maintaining homeostasis in the brain by removing damaged cells. Nonetheless, dysregulation of microglial activation leads to neuronal cell death. Therefore, much attention has been paid to compounds that regulate microglial activation. Zerumbone, a constituent of Zingiber zerumbet, has been reported to exert several biological activities such as anticancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of zerumbone on lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of BV-2 microglial cells and elucidate the underlying mechanism of action. Zerumbone suppressed nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production induced by lipopolysaccharides through inhibiting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Blocking of mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB activation, if not completely, is considered to be due to the anti-inflammatory effect of zerumbone against microglial activation.