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REACHING OUT TO MUSLIM REFUGEES IN EUROPE
Priscilla T. Choi 횃불트리니티신학대학원대학교 한국이슬람연구소 2016 Muslim - Christian Encounter Vol.9 No.1
The aim of this paper is to bring forth some Evangelical Church’s response to 2015’s massive influx of Muslim refugees into Germany and Belgium. In order to better understand church’s present and future ministries, it is vital to see the church’s engagement with the refugee crisis of 2015 in Europe. By doing so, Evangelical Christians can gain better present and future perspectives of Muslim evangelism in Europe. The first section of the paper will deal with some information and statistical data about the origin and destination of refugees from Muslim backgrounds, the 75% of 1.26 million who arrived in Europe in 2015. The second section of the paper will present what seem to be the key descriptive and prescriptive aspects of the challenges of Muslim evangelism. The descriptive part will demonstrate challenges to Muslim refugee evangelism using the German interview and the prescriptive part will be shown in the development of networking and channeling as mission strategies to maximize effectiveness of evangelism efforts among Muslim refugees.
Challenges of Marriage in Islam: A View from Social Cultural Anthropology
Priscilla Choi 한국신학정보연구원 2019 Canon&Culture Vol.13 No.2
오늘날 이슬람교의 결혼에 관한 문헌은 더 이상 희귀한 것이 아니다. 이는 연구주제를 일부다처제에 관한 무슬림 혼인전통의 발전으로 한정하는 경우에도 마찬가지이며, 남편이 보유한 일방적인 이혼권(talaq)에 관한 분쟁에 대해서도 다양한 논의가 진행되었다. 하지만 흥미롭게도 ‘임시결혼’과 관련해서는, 그것이 이슬람의 오래된 혼인전통임에도 불구하고, 매춘을 합법적으로 은폐하기 위한 것으로 알려진 시아파의 악명높은 ‘임시결혼’(muta nikah) 관행에 초점을 맞춘 일단의 연구를 제외하면 다양한 문헌연구가 집적되지 못한 현실이다. 수니파에서 지속되고 있는 ‘임시결혼’(misyar nikah) 관행에 관한 연구는 더욱 희귀하며, 그나마 최근에서야 BBC등과 같은 비무슬림 대중매체로부터 관심을 받게 된 정도이다. “결혼이란 무엇인가”라는 질문은 근본적으로 누가 결혼이라는 제도를 지배할 수 있는 권한을 보유하고 있는지에 대해서 묻는 것이다. 결혼은 그리스도인에게 있어서는 성사(sacrament)이지만, 무슬림에게 있어서는 민사계약(civil contract)에 해당한다. 기독교인의 결혼관은 보통 “죽음이 우리를 갈라 놓을 때까지”라는 결혼서약을 통해서 표현되는 남편과 아내 사이의 신성한 연합(sacred union)으로서, 이는 하나님 앞에서 그리고 하나님과 맺은 언약으로서의 결혼이라는 관계를 지켜나가겠다는 약속을 의미한다. 반면 이슬람교에서의 결혼은 언약(covenant)이라기 보다는 일종의 민사계약 개념으로서 부부생활의 의무를 강화시켜 줄 수 있는 결혼의 종교적 측면을 현저히 약화시켜버린다. 이 논문은 현대 이슬람교와 기독교 상호간에 특징적으로 구별되는 결혼에 관한 최소 4가지 범주의 주요 사상을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 첫 번째 범주는 결혼의 기본 개념에 대해서 기독교와 이슬람교에 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 비교하는데 주안점을 두고 있다. 축약하면 이슬람교는 결혼을 민사계약으로 분류한 결과로서 기본적인 성 편견적 구조와 지침을 잔존시키는 동시에, 혼인에 대한 책임을 부여하기 보다는 오히려 부정의를 영속화하고 있다. 그밖에 본 논문이 다루고 있는 또 다른 3가지 범주의 사상은 ‘다른 종류의 결혼제도’, ‘복혼관행’, ‘이혼관행’으로서, 최근 이에 관한 내용은 비무슬림 사회규범 및 법리연구를 통해서 확인되고 있다. There is no shortage of literature on marriage in Islam, even when the subject matter is narrowed down to the development of Muslim marriage traditions on polygamy. A multiplicity of discussion also exists on disputes repudiation about the husband’s unilateral rights of divorce (talaq). Interestingly, not much literature is found on the topic of ‘temporary marriages’ despite its long-standing traditions within Islam, except for some studies focusing on the Shia’s infamous practice of ‘temporary marriages’ (muta nikah) known to cover-up legalized prostitution. Even less research seems to be available on the Sunni’s practice of ‘temporary marriages’ (misyar nikah) which have persisted nevertheless. Only very recently Sunni’s misyar began receiving attention from non-Muslim public media sources as the BBC. The question ‘What is marriage?’ is fundamentally asking who has the authority to govern the institution. While marriage is a sacrament for Christians, it is a civil contract for Muslims. The Christian idea of marriage as a sacred union between husband and wife is commonly expressed in the wedding vow, ‘until death do us apart,’ promises to keep the marriage bond as a covenant with and before God. The Islamic idea of marriage as a civil contract, rather than as a covenant, significantly weakens the religious dimension of marriage that would strengthen the marital duty. This article aims to present at least four essential categories of ideas about marriage which are particularly dissimilar between modern Islam and Christianity. The first category is brought to a focus by comparing how Christianity and Islam differ on the basic idea of marriage. The consequence of labeling marriage as a civil contract, while retaining the basic gender-biased structure and guideline, perpetuates injustice, rather than provide accountability. The last three areas have also been recently identified through non-Muslim societal norms and jurisprudence: ‘different kinds of marriages,’ ‘practice of polygamy,’ and ‘practice of divorce.’
Priscilla, Lia,Kong, Yongjin,Yoo, Jiho,Choi, Hokyung,Rhim, Youngjoon,Lim, Jeonghwan,Kim, Sangdo,Chun, Donghyuk,Lee, Sihyun,Rhee, Youngwoo American Chemical Society 2017 ENERGY AND FUELS Vol.31 No.10
<P>Utilization of coal is currently limited to coal-fired power plants and iron smelting, partly because of the incombustible ash in coal and the inability of existing technologies to modify its properties. This work investigates whether the gasification behavior of ash-free coals (AFCs) can be modified. Sixteen different AFCs were prepared using variously ranked coals (Eco, Cyprus, Drayton, and Hail Creek) and extraction solvents with different polarities (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ethylenediamine, 1-methylnaphthalene, and tetralin). Next, the reactivities of the AFCs in steam gasification at 800 degrees C were tested, and the results are discussed taking into consideration their compositional differences. A combination of low-rank coals and polar solvents produces reactive AFCs that can be catalytically gasified under mild conditions. In contrast, AFCs extracted using nonpolar solvents are less reactive and possibly applicable as a carbon electrode precursor. In short, the properties of AFCs can be changed to some extent using the appropriate combination of coals and extraction solvents.</P>
Catalytic Steam Reforming of Methanol Using Coal-supported Rhodium Catalyst for Hydrogen Production
Priscilla Lia,Chun Dong Hyuk(전동혁),Choi Ho Kyung(최호경),Kim Sang Do(김상도),Lim Jeong Hwan(임정환),Rhim Young Joon(임영준),Lee Si Hyun(이시훈),Rhee Young Woo(이영우),Yoo Ji Ho(유지호) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2016 한국에너지기후변화학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.11